Google base的介紹、原理分析與應用執行個體

這幾天使用Google base釋出了一些東西，感覺用起來很友善而且很有用，關于這方面的部落格現在基本還沒有，這裡就給大家介紹一下Gbase的原理與使用。

Gbase是一個幫助你發表虛拟類型的任何資訊的免費服務，使用者把資訊釋出到Gbase上，然後可以在google網站上搜尋。這個服務就很有用，我們知道google 的搜尋能力很強大，如果我們把我們的産品或者服務釋出到Gbase上，就有可能讓全世界的人看到我們釋出的資訊。

釋出一個項目很簡單，前提是必須得有一個google帳戶，有賬戶的使用者步驟如下：

1.進入google base網站首頁：http://www.google.com/base/

2.點選“One at a time”，就進入了添加item頁面，或者直接登入進去自己的Gbase首頁，點選左下角“Add a item”按鈕就可以添加item。

3.填完資訊後，點選“Publish”即可。

這裡添加的資訊包括item類别（你可以選擇已有的類别，或者自定義一個類别），然後填寫可能包含的數量、金額和描述資訊等等。上述方法是一次添加一個item的方式，如果你想批量添加，可以添加一個本地的xml檔案，該檔案符合google base規定的格式。

下面介紹如何使用Google base API編寫Gbase應用，主要是給程式開發等程式設計人員提供參考。

Data item：在Google base 中描述一個單獨的entry,他包含一組屬性。

Attribute：描述内容的name/pair對，如<code><g:label>kung pao chicken</g:label> 一個entry的資訊如下所示：</code>

<code></code><code><?xml version='1.0'?> <entry xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:g='http://base.google.com/ns/1.0'> <author> <name>Jane Doe</name> <email>[email protected]</email> </author> <category scheme='http://www.google.com/type' term='googlebase.item'/> <title type='text'>He Jingxian's chicken</title> <content type='xhtml'> <div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>Delectable Sichuan specialty</div> </content> <link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.host.com/123456jsh9'/> <g:item_type>Recipes</g:item_type> <g:cooking_time>30</g:cooking_time> <g:main_ingredient>chicken</g:main_ingredient> <g:main_ingredient>chili peppers</g:main_ingredient> <g:main_ingredient>peanuts</g:main_ingredient> <g:spices_used>Szechuan peppercorn</g:spices_used> <g:cook_technique>blackened</g:cook_technique> </entry></code>

<code> 每一個item都有一個URL，或者說一個唯一的ID，用于辨別這個item或者說entry，比我添加的一條記錄的URL如下所示： http://base.google.com/base/feeds/items/2139682888944988653 item ID是</code><code>2139682888944988653。這個URL一般是程式代碼中使用的，item自己生成的URL是http://base.google.com/base/a/6380400/D2139682888944988653，他們的實質都是一樣的。每一個Googel base API操作跟HTTP方法相同，你可以使用HTTP GET、POST、PUT和DELETE方法來操作。一個查詢的例子如下所示：</code>

<code> 發送的HTTP請求是：</code>

<code></code><code>GET /base/feeds/snippets?bq=digital+camera Content-Type: application/atom+xml Authorization: AuthSub token="" X-Google-Key: key=ABQIAAAA7VerLsOcLuBYXR7vZI2NjhTRERdeAiwZ9EeJWta3L_JZVS0bOBRIFbhTrQjhHE52fqjZvfabYYyn6A</code>

<code> 由于響應資訊比較多，這裡就不顯示了。使用API添加item的代碼如下所示。 InsertExample.java代碼：</code>

<code></code><code>/* Copyright (c) 2006 Google Inc. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package cn.edu.xidian; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLEncoder; import java.util.StringTokenizer; /** * Add a new item to Google Base using the Google Base data API server. */ public class InsertExample { /** * URL of the authenticated customer feed. */ private static final String ITEMS_FEED = "http://base.google.com/base/feeds/items"; /** * The data item we are going to insert, in XML/Atom format. */ private static final String DATA_ITEM = "<?xml version='1.0'?>\n" + "<entry xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'\n" + " xmlns:g='http://base.google.com/ns/1.0'>\n" + " <g:item_type type='text'>repaceService</g:item_type>\n" + " <title type='text'>EchoService_ID</title>\n" + " <content type='xhtml'>08d8440b82554bad9a7a5ad9a1487</content>\n" + "</entry>"; /** * URL used for authenticating and obtaining an authentication token. * More details about how it works: * <code>http://code.google.com/apis/accounts/AuthForInstalledApps.html<code> */ private static final String AUTHENTICATION_URL = "https://www.google.com/accounts/ClientLogin"; /** * Fill in your Google Account email here. */ private static final String EMAIL = "[email protected]"; /** * Fill in your Google Account password here. */ private static final String PASSWORD = "yourpassword"; /** * The main method constructs a <code>InsertExample</code> instance, obtains an * authorization token and posts a new item to Google Base. */ public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, IOException { InsertExample insertExample = new InsertExample(); String token = insertExample.authenticate(); System.out.println("Obtained authorization token: " + token); insertExample.postItem(token); } /** * Inserts <code>DATA_ITEM</code> by making a POST request to * <code>ITEMS_URL<code>. * @param token authentication token obtained using <code>authenticate</code> * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs while creating/writing/ * reading the request */ public void postItem(String token) throws IOException { HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection)(new URL(ITEMS_FEED)).openConnection(); connection.setDoInput(true); connection.setDoOutput(true); // Set the properties of the connection: the Http method, the content type // of the POST request and the authorization header connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/atom+xml"); connection.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "GoogleLogin auth=" + token); // Post the data item OutputStream outputStream = connection.getOutputStream(); outputStream.write(DATA_ITEM.getBytes()); outputStream.close(); // Retrieve the output int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode(); InputStream inputStream; if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_CREATED) { inputStream = connection.getInputStream(); } else { inputStream = connection.getErrorStream(); } // write the output to the console System.out.println(toString(inputStream)); } /** * Retrieves the authentication token for the provided set of credentials. * @return the authorization token that can be used to access authenticated * Google Base data API feeds */ public String authenticate() { // create the login request String postOutput = null; try { URL url = new URL(AUTHENTICATION_URL); postOutput = makeLoginRequest(url); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("Could not connect to authentication server: " + e.toString()); System.exit(1); } // Parse the result of the login request. If everything went fine, the // response will look like // HTTP/1.0 200 OK // Server: GFE/1.3 // Content-Type: text/plain // SID=DQAAAGgA...7Zg8CTN // LSID=DQAAAGsA...lk8BBbG // Auth=DQAAAGgA...dk3fA5N // so all we need to do is look for "Auth" and get the token that comes after it StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(postOutput, "=\n "); String token = null; while (tokenizer.hasMoreElements()) { if (tokenizer.nextToken().equals("Auth")) { if (tokenizer.hasMoreElements()) { token = tokenizer.nextToken(); } break; } } if (token == null) { System.out.println("Authentication error. Response from server:\n" + postOutput); System.exit(1); } return token; } /** * Makes a HTTP POST request to the provided {@code url} given the provided * {@code parameters}. It returns the output from the POST handler as a * String object. * * @param url the URL to post the request * @return the output from the handler * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs while * creating/writing/reading the request */ private String makeLoginRequest(URL url) throws IOException { // Create a login request. A login request is a POST request that looks like // POST /accounts/ClientLogin HTTP/1.0 // Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded // [email protected]&Passwd=north23AZ&service=gbase&source=Insert Example // Open connection HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); // Set properties of the connection urlConnection.setRequestMethod("POST"); urlConnection.setDoInput(true); urlConnection.setDoOutput(true); urlConnection.setUseCaches(false); urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); // Form the POST parameters StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder(); content.append("Email=").append(URLEncoder.encode(EMAIL, "UTF-8")); content.append("&Passwd=").append(URLEncoder.encode(PASSWORD, "UTF-8")); content.append("&source=").append(URLEncoder.encode("Repace service example", "UTF-8")); content.append("&service=").append(URLEncoder.encode("gbase", "UTF-8")); OutputStream outputStream = urlConnection.getOutputStream(); outputStream.write(content.toString().getBytes("UTF-8")); outputStream.close(); // Retrieve the output int responseCode = urlConnection.getResponseCode(); InputStream inputStream; if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream(); } else { inputStream = urlConnection.getErrorStream(); } return toString(inputStream); } /** * Writes the content of the input stream to a <code>String<code>. */ private String toString(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException { String string; StringBuilder outputBuilder = new StringBuilder(); if (inputStream != null) { BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8")); while (null != (string = reader.readLine())) { outputBuilder.append(string).append('\n'); } } return outputBuilder.toString(); } }</code>

<code> 如果email和密碼正确，驗證通過，則在你的email帳号下的Gbase下添加了一條item，這個item需要大概1天的時間能夠通過google搜尋。 QueryExample3.java代碼：</code>

<code></code><code>/* Copyright (c) 2006 Google Inc. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package cn.edu.xidian; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLEncoder; import java.util.StringTokenizer; /** * Display all items of a specific customer. */ public class QueryExample3 { /** * URL of the authenticated customer feed. */ private static final String ITEMS_FEED = "http://base.google.com/base/feeds/items/2139682888944988653"; /** * URL used for authenticating and obtaining an authentication token. * More details about how it works: * <code>http://code.google.com/apis/accounts/AuthForInstalledApps.html<code> */ private static final String AUTHENTICATION_URL = "https://www.google.com/accounts/ClientLogin"; /** * Fill in your Google Account email here. */ private static final String EMAIL = "[email protected]"; /** * Fill in your Google Account password here. */ private static final String PASSWORD = "yourpassword"; /** * Create a <code>QueryExample3</code> instance and call * <code>displayMyItems</code>, which displays all items that belong to the * currently authenticated user. */ public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { QueryExample3 queryExample = new QueryExample3(); String token = queryExample.authenticate(); queryExample.displayMyItems(token); } /** * Retrieves the authentication token for the provided set of credentials. * @return the authorization token that can be used to access authenticated * Google Base data API feeds */ public String authenticate() { // create the login request String postOutput = null; try { URL url = new URL(AUTHENTICATION_URL); postOutput = makeLoginRequest(url); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("Could not connect to authentication server: " + e.toString()); System.exit(1); } // Parse the result of the login request. If everything went fine, the // response will look like // HTTP/1.0 200 OK // Server: GFE/1.3 // Content-Type: text/plain // SID=DQAAAGgA...7Zg8CTN // LSID=DQAAAGsA...lk8BBbG // Auth=DQAAAGgA...dk3fA5N // so all we need to do is look for "Auth" and get the token that comes after it StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(postOutput, "=\n "); String token = null; while (tokenizer.hasMoreElements()) { if (tokenizer.nextToken().equals("Auth")) { if (tokenizer.hasMoreElements()) { token = tokenizer.nextToken(); } break; } } if (token == null) { System.out.println("Authentication error. Response from server:\n" + postOutput); System.exit(1); } return token; } /** * Displays the "items" feed, that is the feed that contains the items that * belong to the currently authenticated user. * * @param token the authorization token, as returned by * <code>authenticate<code> * @throws IOException if an IOException occurs while creating/reading the * request */ public void displayMyItems(String token) throws MalformedURLException, IOException { HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection)(new URL(ITEMS_FEED)).openConnection() ; // Set properties of the connection connection.setRequestMethod("GET"); connection.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "GoogleLogin auth=" + token); int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode(); InputStream inputStream; if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { inputStream = connection.getInputStream(); } else { inputStream = connection.getErrorStream(); } System.out.println(toString(inputStream)); } /** * Makes a HTTP POST request to the provided {@code url} given the provided * {@code parameters}. It returns the output from the POST handler as a * String object. * * @param url the URL to post the request * @return the output from the Google Accounts server, as string * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs while * creating/writing/reading the request */ private String makeLoginRequest(URL url) throws IOException { // Create a login request. A login request is a POST request that looks like // POST /accounts/ClientLogin HTTP/1.0 // Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded // [email protected]&Passwd=north23AZ&service=gbase&source=Insert Example // Open connection HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); // Set properties of the connection urlConnection.setRequestMethod("POST"); urlConnection.setDoInput(true); urlConnection.setDoOutput(true); urlConnection.setUseCaches(false); urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); // Form the POST parameters StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder(); content.append("Email=").append(URLEncoder.encode(EMAIL, "UTF-8")); content.append("&Passwd=").append(URLEncoder.encode(PASSWORD, "UTF-8")); content.append("&service=").append(URLEncoder.encode("gbase", "UTF-8")); content.append("&source=").append(URLEncoder.encode("Repace service example", "UTF-8")); OutputStream outputStream = urlConnection.getOutputStream(); outputStream.write(content.toString().getBytes("UTF-8")); outputStream.close(); // Retrieve the output int responseCode = urlConnection.getResponseCode(); InputStream inputStream; if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream(); } else { inputStream = urlConnection.getErrorStream(); } return toString(inputStream); } /** * Writes the content of the input stream to a <code>String<code>. */ private String toString(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException { String string; StringBuilder outputBuilder = new StringBuilder(); if (inputStream != null) { BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream)); while (null != (string = reader.readLine())) { outputBuilder.append(string).append('\n'); } } return outputBuilder.toString(); } }</code>

<code> 改代碼的執行結果如下：</code>

<code></code><code><?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><entry xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:gm='http://base.google.com/ns-metadata/1.0' xmlns:g='http://base.google.com/ns/1.0' xmlns:batch='http://schemas.google.com/gdata/batch'><id>http://www.google.com/base/feeds/items/2139682888944988653</id><published>2009-08-01T12:55:09.000Z</published><updated>2009-08-01T12:55:09.000Z</updated><category scheme='http://base.google.com/categories/itemtypes' term='repaceService'/><title type='text'>EchoService_ID</title><content type='html'>08d8440b82554bad9a7a5ad9a1487</content><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://base.google.com/base/a/6380400/D2139682888944988653'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.google.com/base/feeds/items/2139682888944988653'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.google.com/base/feeds/items/2139682888944988653'/><author><name>Panpan Zhan</name><email>[email protected]</email></author><g:target_country type='text'>US</g:target_country><g:expiration_date type='dateTime'>2038-01-19T03:14:07Z</g:expiration_date><g:customer_id type='int'>6380400</g:customer_id><g:item_language type='text'>en</g:item_language><g:item_type type='text'>repaceService</g:item_type><gd:feedLink xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' rel='media' href='http://www.google.com/base/feeds/items/2139682888944988653/media'countHint='0'/></entry></code>

<code> 這樣就完成了一些簡單的Gbase操作的例子。</code>

本文轉自panpan3210 51CTO部落格，原文連結：http://blog.51cto.com/panpan/187258，如需轉載請自行聯系原作者

Google base的介紹、原理分析與應用執行個體

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