正規表達式比對，其中：
* ~ 為區分大小寫比對
* ~* 為不區分大小寫比對
* !~和!~*分别為區分大小寫不比對及不區分大小寫不比對
檔案及目錄比對，其中：
* -f和!-f用來判斷是否存在檔案
* -d和!-d用來判斷是否存在目錄
* -e和!-e用來判斷是否存在檔案或目錄
* -x和!-x用來判斷檔案是否可執行
flag标記有：
* last 相當于Apache裡的[L]标記，表示完成rewrite
* break 終止比對, 不再比對後面的規則
* redirect 傳回302臨時重定向 位址欄會顯示跳轉後的位址
* permanent 傳回301永久重定向 位址欄會顯示跳轉後的位址
一些可用的全局變量有，可以用做條件判斷(待補全)
$args
$content_length
$content_type
$document_root
$document_uri
$host
$http_user_agent
$http_cookie
$limit_rate
$request_body_file
$request_method
$remote_addr
$remote_port
$remote_user
$request_filename
$request_uri
$query_string
$scheme
$server_protocol
$server_addr
$server_name
$server_port
$uri
結合QeePHP的例子
if (!-d $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
break;
多目錄轉成參數
abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
if ($host ~* (.*)/.domain/.com) {
set $sub_name $1;
rewrite ^/sort//(/d+)//?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
}
目錄對換
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
rewrite ^/(/d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
例如下面設定nginx在使用者使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目錄下：
if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
目錄自動加“/”
if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
禁止htaccess
location ~//.ht {
deny all;
}
禁止多個目錄
location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
禁止以/data開頭的檔案
可以禁止/data/下多級目錄下.log.txt等請求;
location ~ ^/data {
禁止單個目錄
不能禁止.log.txt能請求
location /searchword/cron/ {
禁止單個檔案
location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
給favicon.ico和robots.txt設定過期時間;
這裡為favicon.ico為99天,robots.txt為7天并不記錄404錯誤日志
location ~(favicon.ico) {
log_not_found off;
expires 99d;
location ~(robots.txt) {
expires 7d;
設定某個檔案的過期時間;這裡為600秒，并不記錄通路日志
location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 600;
}
檔案反盜鍊并設定過期時間
這裡的return 412 為自定義的http狀态碼，預設為403，友善找出正确的盜鍊的請求
“rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”顯示一張防盜鍊圖檔
“access_log off;”不記錄通路日志，減輕壓力
“expires 3d”所有檔案3天的浏覽器緩存
location ~* ^.+/.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
return 412;
break;
expires 3d;
隻充許固定ip通路網站，并加上密碼
root /opt/htdocs/www;
allow 208.97.167.194;
allow 222.33.1.2;
allow 231.152.49.4;
deny all;
auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";
auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
将多級目錄下的檔案轉成一個檔案，增強seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;
将根目錄下某個檔案夾指向2級目錄
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent，那麼浏覽器位址欄顯是/location/shanghai/
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
上面例子有個問題是通路/shanghai 時将不會比對
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
這樣/shanghai 也可以通路了，但頁面中的相對連結無法使用，
如./list_1.html真實位址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html會變成/list_1.html,導至無法通路。
那我加上自動跳轉也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有個條件是必需為真實目錄，而我的rewrite不是的，是以沒有效果
知道原因後就好辦了，讓我手動跳轉吧
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
檔案和目錄不存在的時候重定向：
if (!-e $request_filename) {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
域名跳轉
server
{
listen 80;
server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
access_log off;
多域名轉向
server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
if ($host ~ "c1gstudio/.net") {
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
三級域名跳轉
if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)/.i/.c1gstudio/.com$") {
rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1;
域名鏡向
server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
某個子目錄作鏡向
location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
break;
discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite
rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)/.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
rewrite ^/(space|network)/.html$ /$1.php last;
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[/w/-]+/.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page/%3D$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)/.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
給discuz某版塊單獨配置域名
server_name bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;
location = / {
if ($http_host ~ news/.c1gstudio.com$) {
rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;
discuz ucenter 頭像 rewrite 優化
location ^~ /ucenter {
location ~ .*/.php?$
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
location /ucenter/data/avatar {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
location ~ /(.*)_big/.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
location ~ /(.*)_middle/.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
location ~ /(.*)_small/.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
expires 300;
}
jspace rewrite
location ~ .*/.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location ~* ^/index.php/
rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
include fcgi.conf;
本文轉自 小羅ge11 51CTO部落格，原文連結：http://blog.51cto.com/xiaoluoge/1584504，如需轉載請自行聯系原作者
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