DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol),動态主機配置協定,是一個應用層協定。當我們将客戶主機ip位址設定為動态擷取方式時,DHCP伺服器就會根據DHCP協定給用戶端配置設定IP,使得客戶機能夠利用這個IP上網。
DHCP的前身是BOOTP協定(Bootstrap Protocol),BOOTP被建立出來為連接配接到網絡中的裝置自動配置設定位址,後來被DHCP取代了,DHCP比BOOTP更加複雜,功能更強大。後面可以看到,在用Wireshark過濾顯示DHCP包,需要輸入過濾條件BOOTP,而不是DHCP,但或許是因為我使用的Wireshark版本是比較舊的1.12.9,沒有在新版本中嘗試過,也許可以輸入DHCP讓其隻顯示DHCP包
實驗環境
centos6.5_x64
實驗軟體
dhclient-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.1.x86_64.rpm
dhcp-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.1.x86_64.rpm
hcp-common-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.1.x86_64.rpm
dhcp-devel-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.1.x86_64.rpm
dhcpdump-1.7-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
dhcping-1.2-13.el6.x86_64.rpm
portreserve-0.0.4-11.el6.x86_64.rpm
軟體安裝
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
find /mnt/Packages/ -name *dhcp*
/mnt/Packages/dhcp-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm
/mnt/Packages/dhcp-common-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm
/mnt/Packages/sblim-cmpi-dhcp-1.0-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mkdir dhcp
cp /mnt/Packages/dhcp-*.rpm /root/dhcp/
cp /mnt/Packages/sblim-cmpi-dhcp-1.0-1.el6.x86_64.rpm /root/dhcp/
rpm -ivh /root/dhcp/dhcp-*.rpm 以上幾步操作為CD光牒挂載安裝dhcp服務安裝包的方法
yum install -y dhcp* 使用yum方式安裝
/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd start
Starting dhcpd: [FAILED]
less /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample 沒有配置檔案需要複制一份
# see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'
cp -rv /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;
option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
option domain-name "internal.example.org";
option routers 10.5.5.1;
option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
} 模闆複制和現實網絡配置有出入需要修改成現實網絡的配置
host passacaglia {
hardware ethernet 0:0:c0:5d:bd:95; 模闆mac位址需要修改為本機網卡mac位址
filename "vmunix.passacaglia";
server-name "toccata.fugue.com";
}
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { dhcp網段 子網路遮罩
range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.100; dhcp位址池
option domain-name "internal.example.org"; dhcp域名
option routers 192.168.1.1; dhcp網關
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.254; 廣播位址
}
hardware ethernet 00:0C:29:45:17:69; 實體網卡mac位址
} 修改為
service dhcpd restart
Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]
測試一台linux測試機,ip為自動獲得看dhcp服務端有沒有配置設定ip
本文轉自 mailfile 51CTO部落格,原文連結:http://blog.51cto.com/mailfile/1199150,如需轉載請自行聯系原作者