CCNA教育訓練課總結筆記--RIPv2的彙總實驗(七)

實驗的目的:

RIPV2是RIP的更新版,它與RIP的主要差別有:RIP發送資料包的路徑是廣播,而RIPV2即是多點傳播;RIPV2支援變長擴充子網路遮罩,即VLSM,還支援手動彙總.本次實驗将介紹RIPV2是如何支援VLSM及自動彙總與手動彙總的差別.

實驗拓撲圖:

實驗内容:

一、路由器上的配置

R1上的配置

Router>en

Router#conf t

粘貼上常用的路由基本指令

Router(config)#enable password cisco

Router(config)#no ip domain-lookup

Router(config)#line con 0

Router(config-line)# exec-timeout 0 0

Router(config-line)# logging synchronous

Router(config-line)#

Router(config-line)#line aux 0

Router(config-line)#line vty 0 4

Router(config-line)# password cisco

Router(config-line)# login

Router(config-line)#alias exec a sh ip int bri

Router(config)#alias exec b sh ip route

Router(config)#alias exec c sh ip route rip

Router(config)#alias exec d sh run

設定名稱,建立幾條虛鍊路來連接配接到R2,等下用來驗證彙總資訊

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#interface loopback 1

R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface loopback 2

R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config)#interface loopback 3

R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config)#interface loopback 4

R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config)#interface loopback 5

R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.4.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config)#interface loopback 6

R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.5.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config)#interface e0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config)#interface s1/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000

R上的配置

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#interface s1/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface s1/1

R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000

R3上的配置

outer(config)#hostname R3

R3(config)#interface loopback 0

R3(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface e0/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.2 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config)#interface s1/1

R3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.2 255.255.255.0

二、好了,到這裡可以開始配置RIP了,注意要更新到V2版本,再給每個路由器配置RIP

R1(config)#router rip

R1(config-router)#version 2

注意在這裡與RIP的不同,要加上一個Version 2

R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0

R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0

R1(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0

R1(config-router)#network 172.16.10.0

R2上的配置

R2(config)#router rip

R2(config-router)#version 2

R2(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0

R2(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0

R3(config)#router rip

R3(config-router)#version 2

R3(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0

R3(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0

R3(config-router)#network 172.16.10.0

三、檢視路由表

R1的路由表

R1#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

R    3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.10.2, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/0

     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets

C       172.16.10.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

R       172.16.3.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:25, Serial1/0

                   [120/1] via 172.16.10.2, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/0

     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnets

C       10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback4

C       10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback3

C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback2

C       10.1.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback6

C       10.1.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback5

R2上的路由表

R2#show ip route

R    1.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0

R    3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:13, Serial1/1

R       172.16.10.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0

                    [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:13, Serial1/1

C       172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1

R    10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0

R3上的路由表

R3#show ip route

R    1.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:05, Ethernet0/0

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

R       172.16.2.0 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:05, Ethernet0/0

                   [120/1] via 172.16.3.1, 00:00:03, Serial1/1

R    10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:05, Ethernet0/0

R3#

由于RIPV2預設啟動路由彙總的,在R2的路由表上可以看到它已經彙總了路由表.

四、在R1上去掉自動路由彙總,然後再檢視下路由表

去掉路由自動彙總的指令是:no auto-summary

R1(config-router)#no auto-summary

檢視下R1上的路由表

*Mar  1 01:00:00.451: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R    3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.10.2, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0

R       172.16.3.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:22, Serial1/0

                   [120/1] via 172.16.10.2, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0

     1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

R       1.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0

R       1.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:28, Serial1/0

R    3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:21, Serial1/1

R       172.16.10.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0

                    [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:21, Serial1/1

     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks

R       10.1.3.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0

R       10.1.2.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0

R       10.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0

R       10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:32, Serial1/0

R       10.1.5.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:06, Serial1/0

R       10.1.4.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:06, Serial1/0

R       1.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0

R       1.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:43, Ethernet0/0

R       172.16.2.0 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0

                   [120/1] via 172.16.3.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/1

R       10.1.3.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0

R       10.1.2.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0

R       10.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0

R       10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:43, Ethernet0/0

R       10.1.5.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0

R       10.1.4.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0

注意觀察R2上的路由表的變化,當我們去掉R1上的路由自動彙總後,R1傳給R2的路由已經不再是彙總的了.

現在讓我們在R1上設定手動彙總,觀察手動彙總的結果.

手動彙總的指令是:ip summary-address rip

R1(config)#int s1/0

R1(config-if)#ip summary-address rip 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0

觀察路由表

C       1.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

R       1.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.10.2, 00:00:15, Ethernet0/0

                  [120/2] via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/0

R    3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.10.2, 00:00:15, Ethernet0/0

R       172.16.3.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/0

                   [120/1] via 172.16.10.2, 00:00:15, Ethernet0/0

C       10.1.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback4

C       10.1.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback3

C       10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback2

R       10.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.10.2, 00:00:15, Ethernet0/0

                   [120/2] via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/0

C       10.1.5.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback6

C       10.1.4.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback5

R       1.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:21, Serial1/0

R       1.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/1

R    3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/1

R       172.16.10.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:21, Serial1/0

                    [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/1

     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 7 subnets, 3 masks

R       10.1.3.0/24 is possibly down,

          routing via 172.16.2.1, Serial1/0

R       10.1.2.0/24 is possibly down,

R       10.1.1.0/24 is possibly down,

R       10.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/1

R       10.1.0.0/16 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:21, Serial1/0

R       10.1.5.0/24 is possibly down,

R       10.1.4.0/24 is possibly down,

再次觀察R2上的路由表與手動彙總之前的不同,可以看到手動彙總已經起了作用.可能這裡是用模拟器做的實驗,手動彙總的結果顯示得比較慢吧.實驗上多多少少已經在上起到作用的了.再等幾分鐘再看下路由表,果然如此,呵呵

R       1.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:19, Serial1/0

R       1.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/1

R    3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/1

R       172.16.10.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:19, Serial1/0

                    [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/1

     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

R       10.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/1

R       10.1.0.0/16 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:19, Serial1/0

最後看下R3的路由表

R       1.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:12, Ethernet0/0

R       1.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.3.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/1

R       172.16.2.0 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:12, Ethernet0/0

                   [120/1] via 172.16.3.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/1

R       10.1.3.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:12, Ethernet0/0

R       10.1.2.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:12, Ethernet0/0

R       10.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:12, Ethernet0/0

R       10.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.3.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/1

R       10.1.5.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:12, Ethernet0/0

R       10.1.4.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:12, Ethernet0/0

五、實驗總結

   通過試驗RIPV2的屬性,可以看到VLSM的特征.同時,使用關閉自動彙總屬性也看到了RIPV2的特點.

本文轉自 獨鈎寒江雪 51CTO部落格，原文連結：http://blog.51cto.com/bennie/101519，如需轉載請自行聯系原作者