Ubuntu與Debian

Ubuntu and Debian are closely related. Ubuntu builds on the foundations of Debian architecture and infrastructure, with a different community and release process. 

Ubuntu和 Debian是密切相關的，Ubuntu是基于Debian的體系和基礎之上建立的，隻是擁有不同的社群和釋出過程 

About Debian 

關于Debian 

Debian is "the rock upon which Ubuntu is built". 

Debian是"Ubuntu建立的基石"。 

Debian is a volunteer project to develop a GNU/Linux distribution. Debian was started more than a decade ago and has since grown to comprise more than 1000 members with official developer status and many more volunteers and contributors. It has expanded to encompass nearly 17,000 "packages" of free and open source applications and documentation. 

Debian是一個開發GNU/LINUX發行版的自願者項目。Debian項目始于十年前，現在在官方開發人員已超過1000名成員，并擁有更多的自願者和捐贈者。這使得基于它的應用程式和文檔将近有17,000個包。 

Debian's history, make-up, and position make it very good at certain things. Debian has a well-deserved reputation for integrated package management and access to a large list of free software applications. As a result, Debian has grown into one of the largest Linux distributions. 

Debian的曆史，使得它在可靠性方面作得非常出色。Debian在包的智能化管理和對大量自由軟體程式通路方面的名聲是當之無愧的 

As a volunteer organization, Debian has historically been less good at time-based or predictable releases, and has a difficult time providing accountability. Stable releases of Debian have been few and far between in recent years. The more raw unreleased versions of Debian do not provide security fixes for individual packages that are rapidly changing, but are incorporated in development work. While not important to many Debian users, these shortcomings have discouraged a number of potential Debian users. Still Debian is ported to more architectures than any other distribution, and allows for almost any combination of free software components to be mixed and matched as you wish. 

作為一個自願者組織，Debian在曆史上對基于時間或預告的釋出做得不是很好，對時間的把握也很困難。Debian的Stable版本在近年來更新極少而且漫長。更多的不成熟的非釋出版本并未對個别更新較快的包提供安全修複，就內建在開發工作中。盡管這對大多數Debian使用者來說并不重要，但這些缺點已經開始阻礙一些潛在的Debian使用者。然而Debian擁有比其他發行版更好的架構，并允許大多數自由組合軟體中的元件能被修複成符合您的需要。 

The Ubuntu team hopes to address some of those issues and bring more people onto the Debian system. 

Ubuntu項目組希望能專注于這些内容中的一部分，并将更多的人吸引到Debian系統中。 

About Ubuntu 

關于Ubuntu 

Sponsored by Canonical, the Ubuntu project attempts to work with Debian to address the issues that keep many users from using Debian. Ubuntu provides a system based on Debian with frequent time-based releases, corporate accountability, and a more considered desktop interface. Ubuntu provides users with a way to deploy Debian with security fixes, release critical bug fixes, a consistent desktop interface, and to never be more than six months away from the latest version of anything in the open source world. 

由Canonical贊助，Ubuntu項目基于Debian，并試圖專注于保持大多數使用者願意使用Debian這一方面。Ubuntu提供一個基于Debian的系統，該系統保持一個快速的基于時間的釋出，團隊的了解，更多的是在考慮桌面界面。Ubuntu帶給使用者的是配置Debian的安全修複、版本的關鍵BUG修複、可靠穩定的桌面界面和從不超過六個月的開源社群最新版本。 

Ubuntu and Debian 

Ubuntu和Debian 

Ubuntu and Debian are distinct but parallel and closely linked systems. The Ubuntu project seeks to complement the Debian project in the following areas: 

Ubuntu和Debian是不同的但又是相似的互相緊密聯系的系統。Ubuntu項目追求對Debian項目某些方面的補充，它包括： 

Package selection 

包選擇 

Ubuntu does not provide security updates and professional support for every package available in the open source world, but selects a complete set of packages up a solid and comprehensive desktop system and provides support for that set of packages. 

Ubuntu不對開源社群中的每個包都提供安全更新和專業支援，但選擇許多包的一個完整集做為單獨的一個包和應用廣泛的桌面系統，并對這些包集提供支援。 

For users that want access to every known package, Ubuntu provides a "universe" component (set of packages) where users of Ubuntu systems install the latest version of any package that is not in the supported set. Most of the packages in Ubuntu universe are also in Debian, although there are other sources for universe too. See the Ubuntu Components page for more detail on the structure of the Ubuntu web distribution. 

為了滿足使用者能通路每個已知的包，Ubuntu提供了"universe"元件（包集），在這裡Ubuntu的使用者可以安裝這些包的最新版本，但不對這些包提供支援。在Ubuntu的 universe中的大多數包也在Debian中，盡管它們對universe來說也是不同的源。查閱Ubuntu元件頁以獲得更多關于Ubuntu網絡釋出結構的細節 

Releases 

釋出 

Ubuntu makes a release every six months, and supports those releases for 18 months with daily security fixes and patches to critical bugs. 

Ubuntu六個月釋出一個新版本，并對每個版本的安全修複與關鍵BUG更新檔提供18個月的支援。 

As Ubuntu prepares for release, we "freeze" a snapshot of debian's development archive ('sid'). We start from 'sid' in order to give ourselves the freedom to make our own decisions with regard to release management, independent of Debian's release-in-preparation. This is necessary because our release criteria are very different from Debian's. 

當Ubuntu準備釋出時，我們"當機"了Debian的開發包集（SID），我們從Sid開始是為了我們在注重版本管理的同時，獨立于Debian的預釋出版本，進而可以更自由的作出決定。這是必須的，因為我們的版本标準與Debian的有着很大的不同。 

As a simple example, a package might be excluded from Debian 'testing' due to a build failure on any of the 11 architectures supported by Debian 'sarge', but it is still suitable for Ubuntu if it builds and works on only three of them. A package will also be prevented from entering Debian 'testing' if it has release-critical bugs according to Debian criteria, but a bug which is release-critical for Debian may not be as important for Ubuntu. 

舉個簡單的例子，一個包也許不被Debian 'testing'接受，因為它基于11個被Debian 'sarge'支援的結構上建造失敗。但它也許在Ubuntu上很适用，這兒隻需要它們中的三個。一個包也許被阻止，因為根據Debian标準它有着版本關鍵BUG。但這個對于Debian而言是版本的關鍵BUG，對于Ubuntu而言也許并不那麼嚴重。 

As a community, we choose places to diverge from Debian in ways that minimize the difference between Debian and Ubuntu. For example, we usually choose to update to the very latest version of Gnome rather than the older version in Debian, and we might do the same for key other pieces of infrastructure such as X or GCC. Those decisions are listed as Feature Goals for that release, and we work as a community to make sure that they are in place before the release happens. 

作為一個團隊，我們設法讓Debian和Ubuntu之間的不同點減至最小。舉個例子，我們通常選擇GNOME中的最新版本來更新而不是 Debian中的老版本，我們也會對其中的關鍵軟體如X或GCC做同樣的事。這些決定被列為未來釋出的目标，做為一個團隊，我們要確定它們在釋出之前被包括在内。 

Development community 

開發團隊 

Many Ubuntu developers are also recognized members of the debian community. They continue to stay active in contributing to debian both in the course of their work on Ubuntu and directly in debian. 

Ubuntu的許多開發者也是Debian團隊的成員。他們繼續活躍在團隊中，并工作在Ubuntu上為Debian提供他們的服務。 

When Ubuntu developers fix bugs that are also present in debian packages -- and since the projects are linked, this happens often -- they send their bugfixes to the Debian developers responsible for that package in debian and record the patch URL in the debian bug system. The long term goal of that work is to ensure that patches made by the full-time Ubuntu team members are immediately also included in debian packages where the debian maintainer likes the work. 

當Ubuntu的開發者修複了錯誤，他們也送出Debian包 -- 因為項目是相關的，這種事情經常發生 -- 他們發送自己的錯誤修複到Debian開發者軟體庫中，并在Debian的Bug系統中寫下更新檔的URL位址。這樣做的目的是為了確定更新檔能夠在全職 Ubuntu團隊制作的同時也立即被包含在Debian維護者也希望如此的包中。 

In Ubuntu, team members can make a change to any package, even if it is one maintained by someone else. Once you are an Ubuntu maintainer it's encouraged that you fix problems you encounter, although we also encourage polite discussions between people with an interest in a given package to improve cooperation and reduce friction between maintainers. 

在Ubuntu，項目組的成員可以對一些包進行更改，甚至它也是一個被人維護的包。一旦你成為了一個Ubuntu維護者，它鼓勵你修複你所遇到的問題，雖然我們也鼓勵對給定的包有興趣的人們之間進行讨論以改進維護者之間的合作和減少沖突。 

Freedom and Philosophy 

自由和理念 

Debian and Ubuntu are grounded on the same free software philosophy. Both groups are explicitly committed to building an operating system of free software. 

Debian和Ubuntu都是基于相同的自由軟體理念。兩者都明确提出要建立基于自由軟體的作業系統 

Differences between the groups lie in their treatment of non-computer applications (like documentation, fonts and binary firmware) and non-free software. Debian distributes a small amount of non-free software from their Internet servers. Ubuntu will also distribute binary drivers in the "restricted" component on its Internet servers but will not distribute any other software applications that do not meet its own Ubuntu Licensing Guidelines. 

兩者的不同在于它們對非計算機應用方面（如文檔，字型和可執行固件等）以及非自由軟體方面。Debian從伺服器上分發小量的非自由軟體， Ubuntu也在它的"restricted"元件中分發兩進制的驅動，但它并不分發任何其它應用，因為那樣并不符合它自己的許可指導方針。 

Ubuntu and other Debian derivatives 

Ubuntu和其它類Debian的發行版 

There are many other distributions that also share the same basic infrastructure (package and archive format). Ubuntu is distinguished from them in a number of ways. 

許多其他的發行版也使用同樣的基礎（包和文檔的格式）。Ubuntu同它們相比在很多地方有着不同 

First, Ubuntu contributes patches directly to Debian as bugs are fixed during the Ubuntu release process, not just when the release is actually made. With other debian-style distributions, the source code and patches are made available in a "big bang" at release time, which makes them difficult to integrate into the upstream HEAD. Ubuntu patches are published automatically on an ongoing basis. 

首先，當Ubuntu在處理自身釋出過程中修複了某個Bug之後，它可将更新檔直接送出給Debian，而無需在版本釋出之後。而其它類 Debian的發行版則在版本釋出時将源碼及更新檔放入"big bang"中，這對于将它們上溯至源頭是困難的。Ubuntu的更新檔則可以在一個可持續的基礎自動釋出。 

Second, Ubuntu includes a number of full-time contributors who are also debian developers. Many of the other distributions that use debian-style packaging do not include any active debian contributors. 

其次，Ubuntu擁有大量的專職成員，同時也是Debian的開發人員。其他許多使用類Debian包的系統卻沒有擁有任何一個Debian的成員。 

Third, Ubuntu makes much more frequent and fresher releases. Our release policy of releasing every six months is (at the time of writing Smile unique in the linux distribution world. Ubuntu aims to provide you with a regular stable and security-supported snapshot of the best of the open source world. 

最後，Ubuntu提供更快更新的版本釋出。我們的釋出政策是每六個月一次（在寫該文檔時，這種速度在Linux所有發行版中也是獨一無二的）。Ubuntu的目标是為您提供開源世界中最正規的具有安全支援的快照。

本文轉自 firehare 51CTO部落格，原文連結：http://blog.51cto.com/firehare/588082，如需轉載請自行聯系原作者