1.建立一個10g的分區，并格式化為ext4檔案系統
要求其block大小為2048，預留白間百分比為2，卷标為mydata，預設挂載屬性包含acl
挂載至/data/mydata目錄，要求挂載時禁止程式自動運作，且不更新檔案的通路時間戳
[root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
command (m for help): n
partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
select (default p): p
partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
first sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
using default value 2048
last sector, +sectors or +size{k,m,g} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +10g
partition 1 of type linux and of size 10 gib is set
command (m for help): w
the partition table has been altered!
[root@master ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -m 2 -l mydata /dev/sdb1
[root@master ~]# tune2fs -o acl /dev/sdb1
[root@master ~]# mount -o noexec,noatime /dev/sdb1 /data/mydata
2.建立一個大小為1g的swap分區，并建立好檔案系統，并啟用之，寫一個腳本
擷取并列出目前系統上的所有磁盤裝置
顯示每個磁盤裝置上每個分區的相關的空間使用資訊
last sector, +sectors or +size{k,m,g} (20973568-41943039, default 41943039): +1g
partition 2 of type linux and of size 1 gib is set
command (m for help): t
partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
hex code (type l to list all codes): l
hex code (type l to list all codes): 82
changed type of partition 'linux' to 'linux swap / solaris'
command (m for help): w
the partition table has been altered!
[root@master ~]# mkswap -l swap /dev/sdb2
[root@master ~]# swapon /dev/sdb2
#!/bin/bash
#
disks=`fdisk -l|grep -o '^disk /dev/[sh]d[a-z]'|cut -d' ' -f2`
echo $disks
for i in $disks;do
fdisk -l $i
done
3.總結raid的各個級别及其組合方式和性能的不同
raid(備援磁盤陣列)是将多塊磁盤當做一塊實體磁盤來使用，以達到容錯或者提高讀寫性能的優勢。按照 組織起來的工作方式的不同，我們可以将raid分為不同的級别，其中常見的有raid0、raid1、raid5、raid10
raid0
俗稱條帶卷，實作将檔案分成多個chunk後同時并行存儲到多個盤中。
特性
讀寫性能得到提升
無備援能力
最少磁盤數為2
可用空間為容量最小的磁盤*磁盤數
raid1
俗稱鏡像卷，在存儲資料的同時需要再複制一份存入另一個磁盤中。
讀性能提升，寫性能下降
有備援能力
最少磁盤數為2，偶數
可用空間小于1/2
raid5
将檔案分成多個chunk，兩兩chunk之間作異或運算，各盤輪流存儲校驗碼
特點
讀寫性能提升
最少磁盤數為3
可用空間為容量最小的磁盤*(磁盤數-1)
raid10
先兩兩做raid1，後将多組raid1組織成raid0
最小磁盤數4
可用空間為容量最小的磁盤*磁盤數/2
4.建立一個大小為10g的raid1，要求有一個空閑盤，而且chunk大小為128k
[root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
command (m for help): n
partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
select (default p): p
partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
first sector (20973568-41943039, default 20973568):
using default value 20973568
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
first sector (2048-104857599, default 2048):
using default value 2048
last sector, +sectors or +size{k,m,g} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): +10g
partition 1 of type linux and of size 10 gib is set
first sector (20973568-104857599, default 20973568): +10g
value out of range.
first sector (20973568-104857599, default 20973568):
last sector, +sectors or +size{k,m,g} (20973568-104857599, default 104857599): +10g
partition 2 of type linux and of size 10 gib is set
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
first sector (41945088-104857599, default 41945088):
using default value 41945088
last sector, +sectors or +size{k,m,g} (41945088-104857599, default 104857599): +10g
partition 3 of type linux and of size 10 gib is set
partition number (1-3, default 3): 1
hex code (type l to list all codes): fd
changed type of partition 'linux' to 'linux raid autodetect'
partition number (1-3, default 3): 2
partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
[root@master ~]# mdadm -c /dev/md0 -n 2 -c 128 -x 1 -l 1 -a yes /dev/sdb{1,2,3}
mdadm: defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
5.建立一個大小為4g的raid5裝置，chunk大小為256k，格式化ext4檔案系統，要求可開機自動挂載至/backup目錄，且不更新通路時間戳，且支援acl功
“`
all primary partitions are in use
adding logical partition 5
first sector (62918656-104857599, default 62918656):
using default value 62918656
last sector, +sectors or +size{k,m,g} (62918656-104857599, default 104857599): +2g
partition 5 of type linux and of size 2 gib is set
adding logical partition 6
first sector (67115008-104857599, default 67115008):
using default value 67115008
last sector, +sectors or +size{k,m,g} (67115008-104857599, default 104857599): +2g
partition 6 of type linux and of size 2 gib is set
adding logical partition 7
first sector (71311360-104857599, default 71311360):
using default value 71311360
last sector, +sectors or +size{k,m,g} (71311360-104857599, default 104857599): +2g
partition 7 of type linux and of size 2 gib is set
[root@master ~]# mdadm -c /dev/md1 -n 3 -c 256 -l 5 -a yes /dev/sdb{5,6,7}
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
[root@master ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/md1
[root@master ~]# mkdir /backup
[root@master ~]# mount -o auto /dev/md1 /backup
作者：佚名
來源：51cto