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Hirohito (1659) Sitting in the Rain in the West Garden
Hongren was an outstanding painter in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and the hardships of the times, the uniqueness of his personality and the ups and downs of his experience created his unique artistic style. Hongren's landscape painting represents the highest achievement of painting at that time, and at the same time he pushed the trend of the Xin'an School to the extreme, enjoying a reputation in the painting world and having a far-reaching influence.
Shame on you for learning Zen
Born in the thirty-eighth year of the Ming Dynasty (1610), Hirohito lost his father at a young age, his family was poor, but he was very ambitious, from an early age he worshiped Wang Wuya as a teacher, studied the Four Books and Five Classics, learned to raise his children, and worked hard to encourage himself. Usually, when there is no money to buy paper, I record the text in the palm of my hand and recite it unremittingly. He was extremely filial to his mother, forced to make a living, and once copied books for others to live a life, provided for his old mother, sold salary and water, and was willing to eat. In addition to studying poetry books, Hongren is also good at Danqing, often splashing ink to depict landscapes and rivers, whereabouts, not paying attention to observation, handwriting by heart, and as soon as he has the opportunity, he borrows the calligraphy and paintings of ancient masters, "All the real works, the teacher will seek to see it", pondering and playing, the magic of his luck, and enjoying it.
Later, he devoted himself to Yan Zhenqing's stout calligraphy and the landscape paintings of the "Yuan Sijia", especially influenced by Ni Zhan's sparse and painterly style. Although he was trapped by his livelihood, Hirohito often ran around and was tired, but he never quit writing because of this, and still studied ink and practiced hard every day, not abolishing Danqing, and even improving his painting skills and calligraphy.
Hirohito Autumn Pavilion Waterfall View 1644
After the death of his mother, Hongren Xie was "the millet of the benevolent, the sage of friendship", and because his family was poor and chaotic, he should not try or marry his wife, and he was self-disciplined and devoted himself to calligraphy and painting. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), the Qing army entered the pass and captured Beijing, and the Chongzhen Emperor hanged himself. The following year, Nanjing was destroyed, Hongguang was killed, and the Tang emperor claimed to be emperor in Fujian. Hongren was full of sorrow and indignation, "conceited scrolls, and went into Fujian with his teachers" and defected to the Tang Dynasty to resist the Qing. In the third year of Qing Shunzhi (1636), the Tang Dynasty regime also fell short-lived and quickly collapsed. Hongren was helpless, avoiding disasters in the Wuyi Mountains, wandering between the mantle pavilions and the peaks of the heavenly tour, sitting on the clouds and clouds, listening to the flowing springs and waterfalls, and describing himself as the Southern Song Dynasty poet Zheng Sonan, who had a national integrity, and chanted all day long, pinning the mourning of the dead.
In the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), Hongren did not want to be a Shunmin of the Qing Dynasty, and took refuge in the Ancient Navigation Zen Master in Wuyi Mountain, cut his hair and became a monk. Gu Hang was the heir of Bo Shan and a senior monk at that time. Hongren's escape to buddhism was to show his inner depression to show that he did not cooperate with the Qing court and was not enthusiastic about Zen. He loves landscapes and rivers, and sends interesting calligraphy and painting. In the "Painting", he has a poem that reads: "The deep mountains are not poor, and the cold and hey poems have no passing." Several times to Wuyi buried claws, this stream water accidentally the same. ”
Hongren Cliff Flow Chart 1656
Hongren wandered through the mountains and forests, wandered in Wuyi for many years, and each pair of scenery had enlightenment, and he was full of all kinds of elements, waving ink, stretching freely, and often pregnant in the scale.
He wrote on the "Wuyi Rock Ridge Chart Axis": "Wuyi Rock Ridge is steep, there is really this realm, Yu zeng once lost a scoop to swim in its land for many years, and dared to write it indulgently." Danshan Mountain and clear water, the scenery is strange, gave him a profound infection, "unique painting Zen Samadhi." People admire his national integrity and painting skills. By the age of 40, Hirohito was already famous and famous.
Qing Hirohito Cliff bamboo plum
A scoop occasionally sends a levee
In the thirteenth year of Shunzhi (1656), Hongren remembered the grave of his ancestors in Shexian County, returned to Piyunfeng in Shexian County, and first lived in Taiping Xingguo Temple, and then moved to Chengguanxuan in Wuming Temple. Shexian is close to Huangshan and Baiyue. Baiyue, also known as Qiyun Mountain, is a Taoist holy land. Hongren often hangs a scoop and a cane, such as a crane in the clouds, to and from qifeng, strange stones, pines, and clouds, and to make friends with baiyun bluestone.
His paintings often have a seal of "Home Between the Yellow Mountains and The White Mountains", which shows his indisputable life of traveling through famous mountains. He wrote in the poem: "Where is the parasitism of the lost wheel? Irieya Kanshe Small Summary. But the deep bush comforted Xiao Scattered, and Ichinan wrote a piano book in half a minute. ”
Hirohito Manjushri Monastery set up color silk books
Hongren lived in Huangshan, in Yungu Temple and Ciguang Pavilion for more than ten years, walking thirty-six peaks and twenty-four streams, sometimes climbing Tiandu Peak to see the sea of clouds, sometimes or yu suyun temple listening to the flowing spring, getting the love of the mountain, the reason for poor things, but also making his art get infinite vitality. Once, in the autumn night of the moon, Hongren Yixing Dafa took his nephew Jiang Zhu on a night tour of the mountains. Hirohito sat on Manjushri To play the flute, Jiang Zhu and song, three more cold, repeatedly added clothes, could not bear it, and then returned to Wenshu Monastery to stay.
Hongren Yellow Sea Turquoise Diagram
During his her secluded career, Hirohito never stopped painting. His disciple Xu Chu said: "(The master) caresses the body and establishes his life, and he is indignant that the eunuch cannot cleanse his body, so he is in the form of a floating tu, and the floating tu has no feet and a place to be, so he swims in the famous mountains, and every time the famous mountains are idle, they are happy to use ink." "Hongren felt the difficulties of the country, compared himself with the ancestors of the ancestors who aspired to be high and pure, and sent interesting calligraphy and painting, "The Tang and Song Dynasties left behind to see the pen, and the self-injury smeared also followed." Therefore, his landscape composition is strange, the pen and ink are undulating, and the air is self-generating, while the deep resistance in the heart and the persistence of the immortal cultural tradition also consciously or unconsciously reveal the pen end, so that the work is immersed in a quiet upward force.
The "Continuation of the Painting and Calligraphy of Ai Ri Yinlu" records Hongren's "Yellow Sea Pine Stone Map" cloud: "This work is a steep rock towering in the sky, and the dangerous peak is hanging upside down. The five pine plants, all of which are strangely rounded, are rooted in stone crevices, the grass and trees are not fake, and the roots are exposed. His son will be angry, and he will be empty, and he will be a living tiger, and it is advisable to be angry with him. Those who are not in their own right cannot do so. Gradually Jiang wrote it with a strong pen, until the viewer climbed the Huangshan Mountain to receive the bamboo shoot peak, and listened to the surging waves. This scene is a true portrayal of Hirohito himself, reflecting his bold and generous toughness and consistent spirit of resistance.
Qing Hongren(清弘仁) lu tianyou pen intentions
Dare to say the ink
Throughout his life, Hirohito loved art and pursued freedom, "hiding in the monks and painting". He has lived for a long time between the beautiful mountains and rivers, and he is disillusioned with clouds and smoke, and the colors of the mountains and waters are well known in his chest, so he pours out his wrists, is majestic, the composition is novel and full of vitality, and people have a high evaluation of his paintings.
Zhang Geng said: "The Xin'an painter has many Qingjing people, and Gai gradually leads the way. Yu tasted the handwriting of the gradual master. The layers are steep and steep, and the thick and heavy is not the sparse bamboo of the world, which calls itself Gaoshi Biya. The famous scholar Zhang Shunhui also pointed out: "(Hongren) with the name of the painting, Youshan Landscape, Fa Ni Yunlin, is a stick figure, elegant and elegant, unique. ”
Hongren imitates the landscape of Ni Zhan
Hongren's paintings, the four masters of the Yuan Dynasty who were most deeply influenced by their predecessors, were also the most influenced by Ni Zhan. Ni Zhan's family is rich, temperamental, and pure and vulgar. After Yuan entered the Central Plains, he scattered his family property and abandoned his family to live in seclusion in Taihu Lake for twenty years. In the unprecedented turbulent era, Ni Zhan overflowed his inner resentment and excitement into the end of his pen, emphasizing "Yishu Cursive" and "Talking about writing in the chest", and was praised by Dong Qichang as the first tall man after Mi Fu. His experiences and propositions resonated emotionally with Hirohito.
In his poems, Hongren repeatedly expressed his respect for Ni Zhan: "Ni Fan has strange feelings at an early age, and his paintings begin to be completed after scattered production. I have no home to study, and it is inevitable that I will lose my life. Although Hongren was poor, he still had Ni Zhan's books and scrolls in his home, and he "burned incense for the teacher at many years" and admired Ni Zhan's artistic achievements.
He has a deep understanding of Ni Zhan's paintings, and his imitations of Ni Zhan's paintings, such as the "Perfume An Landscape Album", can be said to have reached a god-like realm. But his painting style is not limited to its style, and has its own originality. Hongren believes that the meaning of painting is the same as the literary heart, either complicated or simple, just to seek its understanding of the principles of nature, the mind is created, it can be perfected.
Because of his long-term travels to famous mountains and rivers, he was accustomed to steep mountains and old trees and pines, so he summarized them, created a straight teacher, opened up a new face, and creatively used the calligrapher's seal method bypass painting method, the pen was like a steel bar, the ink was like the color of the sea, crisscrossed, and the vigorous and beautiful, full of strange stubbornness, opened a generation of painting style. In the "Gui Shi Xuan Painting Circle", Yang Hui of the Qing Dynasty commented that Hongren's paintings "see the plump in the extremely thin places, and the vigorous in the extremely thin and weak places, although they are faint and have no light, but there is a residual rhyme", and he has great admiration for his artistic achievements and is deeply respected.
Qing gradually river Autumn Mountain double waterfall
The mountain returned to the knot
In his later years, Hongren painted a great success and had a very high reputation, known as "Yunlinzi today" (Ni Zhan Yunlinzi). Ni Zhan enjoyed a high reputation in Jiangnan, and the late Ming Dynasty scholar was known for his elegance and customs, and now Ni Zhan is compared to Hongren, which can be said to be the highest praise for his artistic achievements. In the winter of the first year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1662), Hongren planned to travel to Lushan, and his friends raised travel expenses for him, and gave him clothes, walking sticks, and healthy horses. So he went up the Yangtze River west, "full of star frost, all over the residence", immersed in the changing clouds of Danyan Giant Valley.
In the winter of the second year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1663), Hongren lived in Fengxi, Shexian County, preparing to enter the Huangshan Mountains to explore the study of life after the completion of zu. The day before his death, he also went to a friend's house to get straw shoes, if there would be a long journey. However, no one expected that this senior monk and painter would throw up his hat and shout "I Buddha Rulai Guanyin" the next day, that is, on December 22, the second year of the Kangxi Dynasty, and died at the age of fifty-four in the Wuming Zen Temple.
Hirohito Plum Blossom Figure 1657
The Southern Song Dynasty painter Zheng Sognan loved plum blossoms, painted plums without painting roots, and inscribed a poem: "I would rather die with incense on the branches than blow down in the north wind." Probably out of the same state of mind, Hirohito showed the same love for Mei. He once painted "Plum Blossom Chart Axis", the main trunk is strong and steep, the branches are straight up and down, sharply folded, and the intention is to show the craggy and proud and independent spirit of plum blossoms.
Before his death, Hirohito once said to his disciples: "Planting plums on the tomb is a great victory, and on the day of returning to the bamboo roots, there is still a fragrance of incense and curling, so why return to the soul incense." After Hongren's death, his friend Tang Yansheng gathered his disciples, buried him under the Phi Yun Peak, and followed his instructions, "Dozens of plum blossoms, with a big trick to rule the master." In the cold winter, when the plum blossoms are in full bloom, the cold buds are fragrant, and a generation of senior monks rest in peace.
Hirohito has a high status in the history of painting. Because he was a ming remnant and lived in seclusion, he and three other late Ming remnants, and became monks to paint painters Zhu Yun, Shi Tao, and Jia Yan, who were known as the "Four Painting Monks of the Early Qing Dynasty", and were regarded as a new generation. Because he belonged to Huizhou, he was on a par with the Huizhou painters Cha Shibiao, Sun Yi, and Wang Zhirui, and the leader was called "Xin'an Four Greats" for a while, and was regarded as the founder of the Xin'an School of Painting.
Qing Hongren Autumn Cliff Long Pine Map
In his life, Hongren cherished ink like gold and did not write lightly. "Wherever you are, beg for calligraphy and painting, and you should not save your eyebrows", "Jiang BiaoShiliu, get his one strand and one basket, heavier than the ball bi", which was already very valuable at that time. It is also the same as the Qianlong Emperor's "Hongli" in his name, violating taboos and avoiding them. Therefore, since Qianlong, the number of painters who have hung in tibet has become rare, so that his reputation is not obvious. Hongren's masterpieces of landscapes, such as the "Huangshan True Scenery Album", "Songyuan Qingquan Chart Axis", "Perfume An Landscape Album" and so on, have been handed down to this day.
After Hongren opened a generation of painting styles, the teachers were like clouds, and even those who flaunted the direct teacher Ni Zhan were often ni zhan in the eyes of Hongren, just as Shi Tao titled Hongren's "Xiaojiang Wind And Picture Axis" Yun: "The pen and ink are high and beautiful, and it has rarely been passed down since the Yunlin Forest." Gradually, although the dukes learned from Yunlin, they were actually the gradual gong faction. "Hongren's artistic achievements and style are still admired and imitated today, and provide an inexhaustible source of nourishment for the formation of Art Nouveau.
Qing Hongren Cliff Flowing Water Map
Qing Hongren Fengxi Autumn Color Map
《Bamboo Tree Virtual Pavilion Diagram》
《Youting Hideki Map》
《West Rock Pine Snow Map》
"Pottery For Zi Tao"
《Songjian Qingyin Diagram》
"Songxi Stone Wall Map"
"Imitation of Ni Zhan Landscape Map"
《Ancient Maple Short Hagi Diagram》
"Autumn Pavilion Reading Chart"