It is said that The spring is the originator of the purple sand pot because of his role in the promotion of the purple sand pot. Offering spring is a pot learned to make with monks, may be the age of making purple sand pot is much earlier than the age of supply spring, the Song Dynasty has a variety of clay pots and clay pots made of purple sand, but the monks only do their own use, for spring is the first person famous for making purple sand pots.
Spring pot for
Offering spring (about 1506-1566), also known as gong chun and gong chun. Ming Zhengde Jiajing period, birth and death unknown. Originally a domestic servant of Wu Yishan, a jinshi of Yixing. Wu Yishan, Mingshi, Zi Kexue, and Suzhou Tang Bohu and other friendly. In 1514, he entered the army and was later promoted to sichuan as a deputy envoy.
According to records, Wu Yishan studied at The Jinsha Temple in Yixing (in present-day Yixing Lake Town) before entering the army. The scribe offered spring "to make it time", and found that the monks of Jinsha Temple would make the fine soil of the clay pot and urn, refine it, knead it into a fetus, and make it round, and plan to make it hollow and make a pot shape. He "stole the old monk's heart, also dug fine soil, plucked the billet tea spoon in the cave, and swept the inside and outside", making a teapot that was "chestnut-colored and dark like an ancient gold hammer", which was later famous as a purple sand teapot. Because the pot is made for spring, it is commonly known as "spring pot". The gall pot now in the Chinese History Museum is made by him, with a simple shape, the finger thread looms, and the inside and body of the pot have the word "for spring".
Tree poppy pot
The main works of the spring: tree poppy pot, six-petal round sac pot, etc.
In history, There is indeed a person who was born in the Ming Zhengde period, which is recorded in the Yixing County Chronicle and the historical materials related to ceramics. Folklore also circulates the story about the spring pot: legend has it that during the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty, there was a reader who reviewed the examination at the Jinsha Temple in Yixing, and his book boy Feng Chun learned from the monks of jinsha temple in the temple to make a pot of purple sand, and carried out his own transformation, making the original practical pot more cultural. At that time, the literati had a unique aesthetic of strange stones, they believed that "ugly pole" is "beautiful pole", if a stone reaches the level of "thin, leaky, transparent, wrinkled", this is a beautiful stone. At that time, the spring was modeled on the gall of the large ginkgo tree next to the Jinsha Temple, that is, the shape of the nodule, and carved with the pattern on the branches, after firing, this pot was very simple and cute, very in line with the wishes of the literati, so this kind of purple sand pot imitating the natural form was suddenly famous, and people called it the spring pot. Due to identity reasons, the people who make friends for spring are some readers, the literati love to drink tea, and everyone chats about tea when talking about literature together, so the spring pot spread among the literati.
Purple sand art
A generation of masters "Shi Dabin"
Shi Dabin (1573-1648), a man from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Shunzhi period, was the son of Shi Peng, one of the famous "Four Great Masters" of Zisha.
When dabin's purple sand tire is picked up by the red landscape figure figure holding the pot
He has studied the clay preparation, molding techniques, modeling design and inscription of purple sand pottery, and established a difficult technical system of using clay sheets and inlays that are still inherited by the purple sand industry, born in the Ming Dynasty during the Wanli Dynasty and died in the early years of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty. Shi Dabin's pot making skills are comprehensive, and he has excellent achievements in mud preparation, forming techniques, instrument design and calligraphy. He selected purple sand mud to mix into various mud colors to form a simple and majestic style. His early works mostly imitated the large pot for spring, and later modified the small pot according to the literati tea drinking habits, and the production date was dropped, which was revered as the authentic pot art. There are not many works passed down from generation to generation, and there are collections in museums in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Taiwan and other places.
He mixed sand into the mud and created a sand adjustment method pot, which the ancients called "sand coarse ancient texture uniform", which is very interesting. In terms of forming techniques, the system of "cutting wood as a mold" for spring has been improved, and the body barrel forming method has been combined with the body building method, thus determining the basic method of purple sand pot mud sheet inlay forming, which is a big leap forward in the purple sand pot making method; and the first square and round pot type has become a typical pot type of purple sand pot shape. Shi Dabin followed the suggestions of Chen Jiru and other literati and changed it into a large pot into a small pot, making the purple sand pot more suitable for the literati's tea drinking habits, introducing the literati's taste into the pot art, combining the pot art with the tea ceremony, and pushing the pot art to a new height.
Shi Dabin was a generation of masters of Yixing Purple Sand Art, a grandson of Song Shangshu Shiyan and the son of Shi Peng, who lived between the Wanli Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty and the Shunzhi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty.
Shi Dabin's purple sand pot works - collection of Nanjing Museum
Dabin jug art enjoyed a high reputation in the Ming Dynasty, and was mostly seen in the accounts of literati. Ming Xu Ci Shu 's Tea Shu': "In the past, spring teapots were made by Bin in recent days, which was greatly cherished by the people of the times." After Shi Dabin provided spring, he created many special tools for pot making, created many pot styles, and trained a number of apprentices such as Li Zhongfang and Xu Youquan. Carrying on from top to bottom, the art of purple sand was developed. Shi Dabin's early works are firm and simple. Good imitation for spring pot. Since he traveled to Loudong in Suzhou and handed over the generations of Chen Meigong, the style of pot making has changed. The pot is turned from large to small. It is said that Shi Dabin's creative attitude is extremely serious, and whenever he encounters a work that is not satisfied, he will destroy it. Even if you break nine times out of ten, at that time, the tea style was prevalent, and the requirements for pot art were very high.
Shi Dabin was about eighty years old in his lifetime, and the works he produced were in the thousands, which were widely circulated. There is a poem as evidence: "Gong Gong Yan said that the big Bin pot, overseas competition for Mingyuan disc". Yixing Chen Zhenhui, one of the four princes of the late Ming Dynasty, wrote in the Autumn Garden Miscellaneous Pei: "The name of the pot is far greater, that is, it is known in the vast realm." Its production began with the spring offering, the pot style is simple and elegant, and the tea utensils are interesting in the wilderness. Later, such as Chen Hu (Chen Mingyuan) and Xu Hu, none of them can be like Da Bin in case." Although there are many works by Shi Dabin, very few have survived. By the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Shi Dabin's works were regarded as rare treasures.
Virtue and art
"Hui Mengchen"
Works by Hui Mengchen
Living around the time of the Ming Dynasty Apocalypse to the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, jingxi people, famous pot artists. The surname "Mengchen" is Hui, which is learned from the large white sand pot treasured by the Tingquan Mountain Museum, according to which the bottom of this pot has the eleven characters of "Heavenly Revelation Ding Ding Nian Jingxi Hui Mengchen System". There are clearer conclusions about his surname, place of origin and approximate age of life.
Hui Mengchen pot art is outstanding, unique, the works with small pots, small pots, large pots are the rarest, the tea pots made are large and simple, and the small pots are exquisite. Good at formulating a variety of sand mud, there are white sand, purple sand, cinnabar, more vermilion purple, less white sand. The pot type has a round and flat, with high body, flat shoulders, pear shape, drum belly, round belly, fan shape, etc., especially the most influential pear-shaped pot made, which was exported to all parts of Europe at the end of the seventeenth century, and had a great influence on the early European pot making industry. It is said that When Queen Anne customized a silver tea set, she asked to imitate Hui Mengchen's pear-shaped pot. The small pot made by MengChen is clumsy and eye-shifting, and it is famous for making small pots, which are known as "Mengchen pots" in later generations, which are especially suitable for drinking kung fu tea, so they are popular in the southern country. In the later period, the autocratic cinnabar geometric small pot has a strange shape, small size and exquisite craftsmanship. This pot type is the predecessor of the later horizontal pot. The Craftsmanship of Mengchen Pot is extremely refined and rhythmic, especially the flow mouth of the pot, whether long or short, it is straight and strong, and has distinctive characteristics. The body of the pot is lustrous and lustrous, the tire is thin and light, and the lines are rounded and smooth, which has become the prominent style characteristics of the Mengchen pot.
In addition to paying attention to the simplicity and subtlety of the pot body, Hui Mengchen pays special attention to the calligraphy of inscription. His calligraphy Xiujuan is not far from the style of Tang Xian, and his penmanship is similar to that of Chu Suiliang, a great calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty. The "Mengchen Kettle" transmission instrument has the book "Wenxingguan Mengchen System", "Jingxi Huimengchen System", "Huimengchen System", "Mengchen System". Some of them are marked with the year of production or absolute sentences in front of them, such as "Great Tomorrow Qi Ding Ding Di Mengchen System", "Water Immersion Day Star Mengchen System", "Leaf Hard Frost Green Mengchen System", "Yancun Four or Five Mengchen" or "Cloud into Xijin Yiming", "Inch Heart Thousand Ancient Show" and other verses, generally engraved under the poems composed of more than a dozen words or auspicious words, the font is mostly in italics, there are also calligraphic styles, flexible pen gestures, with calligraphic charm, carved with bamboo knives, and later works and printed with plutonium. The style of the Mengchen pot is the best quality for those who have a small seal of "Yonglin" in the lid.
Purple Sand Family
"Chen Mingyuan"
Chen Mingyuan's works
Zi Mingyuan, No. Hefeng, also known as ShixiaShanren, Hu Yin, Yixing Purple Sand Famous Artist during the Qing Kangxi Dynasty, is a famous artist with high achievements in pot art and fine products for hundreds of years.
Born in the purple sand family, the production of tea sets, elegant play up to dozens of kinds, all exquisite, he also created the pot body engraved poetry style, the signature to engrave and seal at the same time, the style is elegant, there is a Sheng Tang style, the work name fu fu chinese and foreign, at that time there was "overseas competition for Mingyuan disc" said, the history of the development of purple sand pottery established an outstanding merit.
Chen Mingyuan's pot making skills are exquisite and comprehensive, and he has the courage to pioneer and innovate. He imitated the ancient Yi utensils such as Jue, Yao, and Ding, with exquisite craftsmanship, high taste, and ancient interest. The shape of the tea pot is diverse, especially good at the production of natural type sand pot, the works include melon-shaped pot, lotus pot, bundle chai sanyou pot, pine section pot, plum pot, silkworm pot, etc. are very natural and interesting, the natural type pot on the basis of the Ming people, further pushed to the height of art. These pot styles were not only his outstanding creations, but also became a historic shape in the craft of sand pots, which were widely used by later pot makers.
He is versatile, and has also made many desk furnishings of Qingfu ya play and stationery utensils, such as raw diamond horns, lentils, peanuts, maize mushrooms, mushrooms, chestnuts, lotus chips, water chestnuts, walnuts, white fruits, etc., all of which are exquisite, the natural ecology of fruits and vegetables, the performance is vivid, but the exquisite portrait, coupled with the mud color that fits the texture of fruits and vegetables, gives people a vivid aesthetic feeling, which is amazing.
He also created the pot body engraved poetry inscription decoration, the signature is used together with the engraving name and seal, the decorative art of traditional Chinese painting calligraphy and the way of writing, the introduction of the production process of the sand pot, so that the original lightless pot body adds a lot of timeless decorative interest, but also makes the sand pot more has a strong book volume atmosphere, coupled with the poetry inscription, the calligraphy of the book is elegant and beautiful, rich in Jin and Tang Dynasty penmanship, thus integrating the pot art, tea tasting and the elegant feelings of the literati, which greatly improves the artistic value and cultural value of the sand pot. Becoming a real work of art and entering the temple of art is an outstanding feat established by Chen Mingyuan in the history of the development of pot art.
China's second generation of purple sand pot
Leading figure "Chen Mansheng"
Also known as Chen Hongshou, Chen Hongshou and Yang Pengnian in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Jiaqing, Daoguang years, in addition to Jinshi calligraphy and painting, are most famous for designing purple sand pots, and are the leaders of the second generation of Purple Sand Pot masters in China. Advocate the innovation of pot making, because he advocates "poetry, calligraphy and painting, do not have to be very home", but must see "natural fun".
Chen Mansheng's calligraphy and paintings
He put this artistic proposition into purple sand pottery, forming two major contributions to the pot industry. The first major contribution was to combine poetry and painting with purple sand pot pottery, and to write poems and carve paintings with bamboo knives on the pot. The second major contribution, with his talent, improvised many novel styles of purple sand pots, bringing vitality to the innovation of purple sand pots.
His cooperation with Yang Pengnian is exemplary. Now we see the purple sand pot made during the Jiaqing period, the handle and bottom of the pot have the word "Peng Nian" seal, or the "Amanda Room" print, are designed by Chen Hongshou, Yang Pengnian made, posterity called "Mansheng pot".
Chen Mansheng's works
Chen Hongshou made the purple sand pottery more literati, and although the production technology was not as exquisite as that of the middle of the Ming Dynasty, it had a great influence on future generations. He collaborated with Yang Pengnian, a famous pot maker at that time, and inscribed by him or his friend, this purple sand pot rich in literati art, known as the "Mansheng pot", especially the treasure love of later generations. The Shanghai Museum has three albums by Chen Hongshou, with similar compositions, all painted with purple sand pots and chrysanthemums, the pictures are simple, beautiful and lovely, which shows Mansheng's pot addiction. The three paintings have the same inscription: "The tea is ripe, the chrysanthemum is opening, the autumn people, can they come?" And this painting is accompanied by a paragraph of inscription, emphasizing the subtlety of Yang Pengnian's pot making, and his own habit of making pots, which is particularly rare.
A pot of gold
The almost unattainable "Shao Tycoon"
Qing Dynasty Daoguang, Xianfengjian Yixing pot making masters, pot making everyone. His works include "A Bundle of Bamboo Pots" (hidden in the Nanjing Museum), "Fish Dragon Pot", "Ball Pot" and "Wind Curling Sunflower Kettle", all of which are fine sand pots.
He enjoyed a high reputation as a teenager and was a generation of masters after Chen Mingyuan. His pot making is known for swinging, especially in the production of concise shapes, such as throwing balls, antique pots, simple and solemn, imposing, more prominent purple sand art simple and elegant generosity, his pot "force to chase the ancients, more than that". Its fish-based dragon pot, telescopic spit, ingenious and natural. His works were regarded as treasures by tea lovers and collectors during the Qing Dynasty, and it is said that "a pot of thousands of gold, almost no available". It can be seen that his reputation for pot art was high at that time. The existing "Fish Dragon Kettle" and "Dragon Head A Bundle of Bamboo Pots" are stored in the Nanjing Museum.
Works by Tycoon Shao
The pot style is the representative work of Shao Tycoon, the shape of the instrument is dignified and stable, the proportion is coordinated, and the structure is rigorous, which is one of the classic pot styles. The clay of this pot is chestnut in color and pure purple. Feels great throughout and feels like a baby's skin. This tycoon de bell pot, the size is huge, but it does not show rough rate, close-up production is casual and natural, such as handy, far-sighted whole instrument Zhou Zheng Xiuya, if it is natural, the technical technique has been perfected at the top of the purple sand pot art. The tycoon's authentic products are particularly rare, and gu Jingzhou, a modern purple sand tycoon, has great respect for it, and he has selected seven works of the tycoon in the book "Yixing Purple Sand Treasures", except for one that is set to be examined, the other six genuine works, only two of which are consistent in printing, indicating that the tycoon will have different use of printed money. This pot of mud tires, construction methods, rational interest, and atmosphere fit the style of the tycoon, which is beyond the ability of ordinary potters, and has been published many times in Taiwan's purple sand monographs, which belongs to the orderly circulation of purple sand masterpieces, precious and abnormal. Now in the market, it can be encountered but not sought.
Among them, there is a famous tycoon pot with bizarre legends ———— tycoon throwing pot, "tycoon throwing pot" is now treasured in the "Four Seas Pot Museum" in Jiading District, Shanghai, it is said that Master Gu once wanted to imitate the tycoon to pick up a pot, has been unable to get his hands on it, and finally had to look at the "shake" and sigh.
Bingxin Daoist "Cheng Shouzhen"
Also known as Chen Shouzhen (1858-1939), the number Bingxin Daoist, a Yixing person from the Qing Xianfeng to the early Republic of China, was the adopted son of the famous artist Shao Youting, who learned the art with his father and was good at making antique pots such as ball pots. The work is rough and charming, and the technique is skilled. The most famous "throwing ball pot" made is that the pot is made of three large, medium and small round balls overlapping and building, so it is called a ball throwing pot. Its shape is composed of beautiful arcs to form the main body, the lines are smooth, the visual sense is also extremely comfortable, and the whole pot is stable and plump. The pot won gold medals at the Panama International Games and the Chicago Exposition in 1915, when it became famous.
Cheng Shouzhen works
Cheng Shouzhen was industrious and prolific in his life, and he was over seventy years old and still made it, and the purple sand pots made in his lifetime were countless, and there were many folk traditions. In his later years, Cheng Shouzhen only made three kinds of pot styles: throwing balls, imitation drums, and Han bian, and the plutonium was printed with "Bingxin Daoist" and "Eighty-two Old Men". Cheng Shouzhen imitated Shao Tycoon's ball pot and paid attention to the public number: old goods circle. He won the first prize and the Excellence Award at the Panama International Exposition in 1915 and the Chicago Exposition in 1932. Since then, the ball pot made has the bottom of the pot "Eighty-two old people made this tea pot, Panama and the National Goods Exhibition has won the excellent award", stamped with the seal book "Shou Zhen" seal, and has a small seal with the "True Record" letter.
Easy to come by
Dasheng pot is difficult to find "Fan Dasheng"
Fan Dasheng, formerly known as Fan Chengfu (范承甫), is a Chinese poet. Since he was a teenager to learn pottery with his parents, and then received guidance from his brother Fan Dingfu, Fan Dasheng is diligent and studious, rising at dawn, resting late at night, studying seriously, studying hard, and gradually forming a unique self-style. The new products created by it are dignified and generous, pure and concise, and the production is strict, which is deeply loved by people, and the reputation of "Dasheng Jug" is far and widespread. During the Republic of China period, Fan Dasheng won international awards, and since then, the "Dasheng Pot" has been famous overseas, and won the reputation of "easy to get, dasheng pot is difficult to find".
Fan Dasheng's life was bright and honest, his heart was frank, he had no reservations about his apprentices, he taught by example, and cultivated a large number of purple sand masters such as "Feng Guilin" and "Ye Dexi", who were both virtuous and artistic, and were praised by the world. At the same time, it strives to cultivate future generations to engage in the cause of purple sand, and has made great contributions to the promotion and development of purple sand art.
Works by Fan Dasheng
In the early years of the Republic of China, he was hired as a technician by LiYong Pottery Company. In the fifth year of the Republic of China, he was hired by Tong Fei, the principal of Jiangsu Provincial No. 5 Middle School, as a teacher of pottery in the school. A lifetime of diligent study, hard work, profound pot making skills, "Da Sheng Jug" is famous for a while, and the works passed down from generation to generation include "Heling", "Fish Dragon", "Hemei", "A Bundle of Bamboo", "Antique", "Throwing Balls" and other pots. The shape is simple and elegant, the color is symmetrical, and they are all treasures of pot art. The elaborate large-scale ceramic sculpture "The Eagle" won the gold medal at the 1935 London Art Fair. Fan Dasheng has been diligent and studious all his life, studying the purple sand pot making technique assiduously and practicing a pot making skill. Among the works he has produced, Heling, Yuhualong and other forms are his representative works. Fan Dasheng's works have unique shapes and symmetrical colors, which are treasures in purple sand pots.
According to historical records, the Fan family purple sand has been famous since the Ming and Qing dynasties, and a large number of pot artists have emerged successively, which have been passed down from generation to generation. Fan Zhangen, Fan Dingfu, Fan Zhuang Farm (Jing'an), Fan Dasheng (Chengfu), Fan Jinfu, Fan Zhan, etc. are more famous in the history of purple sand art. Renowned at home and abroad. Among them, Fan Dasheng is more famous, becoming a master of the Fan family pot art collection and a generation of masters.
A generation of grandmasters
"Gu Jingzhou" of the Pot Art Taidou
Gu Jingzhou (1915-1996), formerly known as Jingzhou. Other names: Manxi, Slender Ping, Wuling Yiren, Jingnan Mountain Tree. Self-proclaimed kettle, old Ping. Yixing Purple Sand Famous Artist, member of China Artists Association, Master of Chinese Arts and Crafts.
Born in 1915 in Shangyuan Village, Chuanbu Township, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, he learned art from a famous teacher at the age of 18. In the late 1930s, the pots were made in Shanghai. In 1954, he entered the Yixing Shushan Pottery Cooperative. In 1956, he was appointed as a technical tutor by the Jiangsu Provincial Government, with apprentices Xu Hantang, Gao Haigeng, Li Changhong, Shen Shuhua, Shu Fengying, Wu Qunxiang and others. He has participated in the National Arts and Crafts Congress three times in his life, and has a great influence in Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Southeast Asia, and is known as the "Pot Art Giant" at home and abroad, and his works are collected by major museums and cultural relics at home and abroad.
Works by Gu Jingzhou
Gu Jingzhou can be said to be the most famous purple sand pottery in the past, his real name is Jingzhou, and later changed his name to Jingzhou, the names are Manxi, Slender Ping, Wuling Yiren, Jingnan Mountain Qiao and Hu Shu and so on. He was once self-created as Zi Yi Xuan. His achievements in pot art are extremely high, his skills are exquisite, and he draws a wide range of materials. It can be said that he is the most accomplished of modern potters, and his reputation is comparable to that of Shi Dabin in the Ming Dynasty, who is known as "a generation of masters" and "pot art masters".