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The last gravedigger of the Tang Empire, Xuanwu Army

author:Beihai Ding Yin

Xuanwu's military rule was located in Bian Prefecture (汴州, in present-day Kaifeng, Henan Province), and he long administered Bizhou, Songzhou, Bozhou, and Yingzhou, corresponding to the areas east of Fengqiu, Kaifeng, Weishi, Zhecheng, and Shenqiu in present-day Henan Province, Shan County in Shandong Province, and Zhongshan, Bozhou, Woyang, Mengcheng, Fuyang, and Yingshang in Anhui Province.

The last gravedigger of the Tang Empire, Xuanwu Army

The historical evolution of xuanwu army moderation

In November 755, he set up the Henan JieduShi (Henan JieduShi) to administer the thirteen counties of The Yellow River, South and Huaihe to the north east of the Sea (汴州, 宋州, 滑州, Chenzhou, Yingzhou, Bozhou, Caozhou, Puzhou, Zizhou, Yizhou, Sizhou, Xuzhou, and Haizhou), and Jiedushi envoys also led Chen LiuJun Taishou .

In 758, jiedu was abolished and changed to the defensive envoy of Beizhou, which had jurisdiction over Bian Prefecture, Song Prefecture, Xuzhou, Sizhou, Haizhou, Zizhou, and Yizhou.

In 759, the Seven Prefectures of Shuizhou were set up, which administered Huazhou, Bianzhou, Caozhou, Songzhou, and Puzhou; and then henan Jiedushi, which had jurisdiction over Xuzhou, Sizhou, Haizhou, Yingzhou, Bozhou, and Puzhou.

In 760, Haizhou was returned to Qingmi Jiedushi, Yingzhou and Bozhou were returned to Zhengyingjiedushi, and Puzhou was returned to Yun qiyan. After the abolition of Xuzhou and Sizhou, they were returned to Huaixi Jiedushi.

In 761, the Seven Prefectures of Shuibei were returned to huaixi jiedushi, and then the shuizheng bian jiedushi was set up.

It was re-established in 762 and administered the eight prefectures of Bian Prefecture, Song Prefecture, Xuzhou, Yan Prefecture, Yun Prefecture, Cao Prefecture, Pu Prefecture, and Yingzhou Prefecture. Guangde was later renamed as the Bian Song Jiedushi.

In 765, the slip zheng bian jiedushi was changed to the shuipu jiedushi. In 769, Sizhou was added, and Yingzhou belonged to zelu jiedushi.

Abolished in 776, Song Prefecture and Si Prefecture were returned to Yongping Jiedushi, and Caozhou, Yanzhou, Yunzhou, Xuzhou, and Puzhou were returned to Pinglu Jiedushi, and later restored.

In 781, xuanwu army was established, stationed in SongZhou, under the jurisdiction of Song Prefecture, Bo Prefecture, Yingzhou.

In October 784, the slippery pu festival was changed to the slippery knot.

In March 785, the envoy of the Bian Slip Festival was changed to the Zheng Slip Festival.

In the third year of Zhonghe (883), Zhu Wen served as an envoy to Jiedushi, using this as a base area, annexed the Central Plains and established Houliang.

The last gravedigger of the Tang Empire, Xuanwu Army

In April of the first year of Later Liang Kaiping (907), Shengbei Prefecture was made the eastern capital kaifeng province, and the Xuanwu military title was abolished.

In the first year of the Later Tang Dynasty (923), the eastern capital of Kaifeng Was restored to Xuanwu Army, with jurisdiction over Bian Prefecture.

In the first year of Tiancheng (926), Cao Prefecture was added.

In October of the third year of the Later Jin Dynasty (938), Shengbei Prefecture was made the capital of Kaifeng Prefecture in Tokyo, and the Xuanwu Military Title was abolished.

Xuanwu's military rule was located in Bian Prefecture, and for a long time it administered Bian Prefecture, Song Prefecture, Bo Prefecture, and Yingzhou, corresponding to the east of today's Fengqiu, Kaifeng, Weishi, Zhecheng, and Shenqiu in Henan Province, Shan County in Shandong Province, and Zhongshan, Bozhou, Woyang, Mengcheng, Fuyang, and Yingshang in Anhui Province.

Class III town

The last gravedigger of the Tang Empire, Xuanwu Army

After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty fan towns can be roughly divided into different types, first of all, the three towns of Hebei represented by the three towns of An Shiqian established by the general An Shi, this category has always been the most rebellious, historian Chen Yinke once described the relationship between the three towns of Hebei and the Tang Dynasty as:

"Although it is claimed to be one dynasty, it has become two countries", "In addition to the area that supports the Li royal family, that is, the group centered on the maintenance of Chang'an with the wealth and Sinicization culture in the southeast, there is still an independent group in Hebei Province, whose politics, military, and finances have virtually no subordination to the central government of Chang'an, and whose civil society is not deeply influenced by Han culture."

The second category is the vast southern feudal towns, because the main battlefield of the Anshi Rebellion is actually Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Shandong and other northern regions, so the southern region has maintained relative stability, therefore, the general military strength is not strong, and it is relatively obedient to the imperial court.

The third type of border defense town was established to prevent the invasion of Tibet and Uighurs. For example, the towns of Jingyuan, Yinxia and Fengxiang in the northwest; annan, Xichuan and other towns in the southwest. The fourth category is the anti-containment fan towns such as Xuanwu Army, which are generally distributed in Henan, Shanxi and other Hebei fan towns to enter the strategic places of Chang'an, and their main purpose is to defend the central government and prevent the three towns in Hebei.

First, the xuanwu army's jurisdiction was roughly in the eastern part of present-day Henan Province, with Bian Prefecture (汴州, in modern Kaifeng) as its capital, next to the disobedient town of Weibo and the town of Hepinglu, which was in the first line of prevention against the division of the town. Second, Henan was originally located in the Central Plains, because its geographical location in all directions has always been a place where soldiers must fight, once this place is occupied by rebels, not only can attack Chang'an to the west, but also sweep south to Jiangnan, and the geographical location is very important. Third, Bizhou was also the middle hub city of the Grand Canal during the Sui and Tang dynasties, because the economic center of the Sui and Tang dynasties had moved to the southeast, and the central government located in Chang'an had to rely on the southeast to supply property, and if the rebels occupied here, they could cut off the canal and cut off the main artery of the central finance, thus threatening the rule of the Tang Dynasty.

Therefore, the emperors of the middle and late Tang Dynasties have always deployed elite generals in the Xuanwu Army, and have paid great attention to the selection of envoys to the Xuanwu Army, and in the entire history of the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty, compared with the three towns in Hebei and Huaixi, it is a very rare military strength and relatively obedient fan town.

Past Emissaries:

Zhang Jieran (755)

Li Tingwang (755; appointed by An Lushan)

Li Sui (756)

Li Qi (756)

Li Ju (756)

Helan Jinming (756-757), because Chen Liu was trapped by the Yan army, ruled Pengcheng

Yin Ziqi (757; appointed by An Qingxu)

Zhang Ho (757–758)

Cui Guangyuan (758)

An Taiqing (759; appointed by Shi Siming)

Zhang Xiancheng (760–764)

Isao Tajin (764-774)

Tagindama (774-776)

Li Yi (775) (Haruka)

Li Mian (776) (not in office)

Li Lingyao (776)

Li Zhongchen (776–779)

Slippery

Xu Shuji (759)

Zhang Yi (781) (not in office)

Li Cheng (784)

Xuanwu

Liu Xuanzuo (785–792)

Wu Zhuo (792) (not in office)

Liu Shining (792–793)

Li Chen (793–795, Prince Yaoling)

Li Wanrong (793–796)

Dong Jin (796–799)

Lu Changyuan (799)

Liu Quanyu (799)

Han Hong (799–819)

Zhang Hongjing (819–821)

Li Yuan (821–822)

Li 㝏 (822)

Han Chong (822–824)

Linghu Chu (824–828)

Li Fengji (828–831)

Yang Yuanqing (831–833)

Li Cheng (833–835)

Wang Zhixing (835–836)

Li Shen (836–840)

Wang Yanwei (840–845)

Sun Jian (846–847)

Liu Yue (847), a violent pawn before taking office

Lu Jun (847–850)

Lu Hongzhi (Lu Hongzheng) (850)

Zheng Lang (851)

Cui Guicong (851–853)

Liu Zhen (853–856)

Pei Xiu (856)

Ma Zhi (857)

Zheng Ya (857–859)

Bi Cheng (859–860)

Yang Hangong (861)

Ling Fox (861–862)

Li Fu (862–863)

Jiang Shen (863–864)

Zheng Chuyi (864–867)

Li Wei (868–870)

Zheng Congchen (870–871)

Quy Nhon (872–873)

Wang Duo (873–877)

Mu Renyu (877–879)

An Mou (879–880)

Kang Shi (881–883)

Zhu Quanzhong (883–907)

The last gravedigger of the Tang Empire, Xuanwu Army

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