"Public Security Policy" is a political treatise created by the Western Han Dynasty literary scholar Jia Yi. This paper discusses a variety of potential or obvious social crises during the reign of Emperor Wen, including many serious problems such as "one can be a bitter cryer, two can be a drooling, and six can be a long sigher", involving various contradictions between the central and local princes, between the Han court and the northern foreign races, and between various social strata, in response to all this worrying, Jia Yi pointed out the corresponding countermeasures and remedies one by one. This paper is abrupt and abrupt, ending and ending, and a large number of sandwich discussions are used, and while discussing reasoning, it loses no time in using literary brushwork.
Author: Jia Yi
Jia Yi (200 BC – 168 BC), han Chinese, native of Luoyang (present-day eastern Luoyang, Henan Province), was a Chinese poet. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, he was a famous political commentator and literary scholar. At the age of 18, he had a talented name, and when he was young, he was recommended by Shou Wugong of Henan County, and was summoned by Emperor Wen as a doctor at the age of 20. Less than a year later, he was promoted to taizhong doctor. However, at the age of 23, he was hated by his courtiers and was demoted to the prince of Changsha. He was later recalled to Chang'an as The Prince of Lianghuai. After King Huai of Liang fell off his horse and died, Jia Yi deeply apologized to himself until he died of grief at the age of 33. His works mainly include prose and lexicography. Essays such as "On Passing the Qin", "On accumulation and storage", "Chen Zhengshi Shu", etc. are very famous; the cifu is "Hanging Qu Yuanfu" and "Bird Fu" are the most famous.
The subject can steal the situation, he can be one who weeps bitterly, he can be the two who droole, he can be the sixth who is long and too restless, and if other people who hurt the Tao by back reasoning, it is difficult to neglect it. Those who come into the conversation know that the world has been safe and well-governed, and the subjects think that they have not yet been. He who is safe and ruler, who is not foolish, is not a person who knows the facts and rules chaos. The husband slept on the fire under the accumulated salary of the house, and the fire did not burn, because it was said to be safe, and the situation of the present was different! The end of the rebellion, the balance between the end, the national system is rushed, not very disciplined, Hu can be described as rule! Why doesn't Your Majesty order his subjects to be familiar with the previous ones, because of Chen's security strategy, try to choose in detail!
When I think privately about the current situation, there is one thing that should be wept for, two things that should be wept for, six things that should be sighed loudly, and it is difficult to list all other things that hurt the road against reason. Those who have spoken to His Majesty say that the world is now stable and well governed, but I think that is not the case. Those who say that the world has been stabilized and have been ruled are either ignorant or flattering, and they are not people who really understand what is the general body of chaos. When someone holds a fire and puts it under a pile of firewood, and sleeps on this pile of firewood, and when the fire is not yet burning, he thinks that this is a place of tranquility, and now the situation in the country is different from this! The end of the world is reversed, the end of the conflict, the state system is chaotic, the irrational phenomenon is serious, how can it be said that it is a great rule! Why doesn't Your Majesty ask me to explain all this to you in detail, and therefore to propose a strategy for the real peace and security of the country for His Majesty's careful consideration?
The pleasure of shooting hunting, and the opportunity of safety? Let the mind and the mind of the cure, the suffering of the body, the lack of the joy of the bell and drum, do not do it. Happy and the present, and coupled with the princes' tracks, the military revolution does not move, the chief of the civil security, the Huns and The Guests, the four desolate villages, the simplicity of the people, and the decline of prison litigation. If the majority is acquired, then the world is Shunzhi, the qi of the sea, the Qing and Xianli, born as the Ming Emperor, not for the Ming God, the beauty of the reputation, hanging on to infinity. The "Li" ancestors have merit and virtue, so that gu chengzhi's temple is called Taizong, with Taizu on the top, and the Han Dynasty. Build a long-term peace of mind, grow the cause of governance, to inherit the ancestral temple, to serve the six relatives, to filial piety; to be fortunate to the world, to cultivate the masses, to be benevolent; to establish the Chen Ji, the weight of the same, and then for the dharma of the world, although there are foolish and young heirs, Jude has been blessed with karma and peace, to the Ming. With The wisdom of His Majesty, because those who know little about the body of the ruler have the upper hand, it is difficult to criticize this. Its kuksin is in the past, and I wish it was lucky. The subject is careful to examine the heavens and the earth, to examine the past, according to the affairs of the present, day and night to read this to the future, although yu Shun is reborn, for the sake of His Majesty's plan, death is easy.
Which is more urgent, such as archery and hunting, or the key to national security? If the proposed method of ruling the world requires painstaking efforts, destroys the body, and affects the enjoyment of the music played by the bells and drums, it can be not adopted; my governing strategy can ensure that the various pleasures enjoyed by His Majesty will not be affected, but it can bring the feudal princes to obey the laws, the war cannot be waged, the common people support the chief, the Xiongnu are submissive, the simple wind rings through the borderlands, the people are gentle and simple, and the lawsuits and so on are stopped. The number of great qi has been determined, then the whole country will be well governed according to it, within the four seas, a faction of rising weather, all things are in line with the facts, His Majesty was called the Ming Emperor when he was alive, and became the Ming God after death, and his good reputation will forever be remembered in history. The Book of Rites says that the Zongmiao Temple has merit, so that your Gucheng Temple is revered as the Great Sect, and can share the fame with Taizu and coexist with the Great Han Dynasty. To create a long-term stable situation and to create the achievements of eternal peace, so as to honor the ancestral temple and the six relatives, this is the greatest filial piety; in order to make the common people happy, so that all sentient beings can be nurtured, this is the greatest benevolence; to create a code, to set a discipline, so that big and small things can get their place, for future generations can set an example for future generations, even if there is a foolish, naïve, and unscrupulous heir in the future, because he inherits your great cause and blessings, you can also enjoy peace, this is the wisest way. With The shrewdness of His Majesty, assisted by those who know a little about the way of governing the country, it is not difficult to attain this realm. Its contents can all be stated to His Majesty in its original form, and I hope that His Majesty will not ignore it. I have carefully used it to examine the changes in heaven and earth, to examine the situation of the past, to check the present, to think day and night and know its contents in detail, even if Yu and Shun regenerate, for the sake of His Majesty, they cannot be changed.
Fu Shu Guogu, will be suspicious of each other's trend, the lower number is hurt by it, the upper number is cool and worried, and even if it is not so safe and full of it. Now or his brother plotted for the Eastern Emperor, and his brother's son Xixiang attacked, and now Wu saw the accusation. The Son of Heaven is at its peak in spring and autumn, and the righteousness has not yet passed, and Deze has added to it, as it is, and the power of the princes is great and the ten are so!
The establishment of princely states is too powerful, which will inevitably lead to a situation of confrontation between the Son of Heaven and the princes, and the subordinates have suffered many disasters, and the emperor has also been sad many times. Now some of the brothers are plotting to claim the title of emperor in the east, and their nephews are also attacking the imperial court to the west, and recently King Wu's rebellious activities have been denounced. The Son of Heaven is now rich and powerful, has no moral faults in his character, and exerts merit and grace on them, and they are still like this, not to mention that the greatest princes are ten times more powerful than them! Tree Kingdom: Establish princely states. Suspicion: Refers to mutual suspicion between the imperial court and the feudal state. There is no word under the "doubt" of the "Book of Han", which is supplemented by the "Qunshu Zhizhi". BE: Suffered. Cool: Hurt, corrupt. From top to bottom: it refers to stabilizing the central government and preserving the people of Lebanon. Brother: Refers to Emperor Wen of Han's younger brother Liu Chang (劉長), the Prince of Li of Huainan. Mou wei eastern emperor: "Book of Han, Above the Five Elements Of Zhixia": The king of Huainan "returned to the treacherous people to plot rebellion and called himself the Eastern Emperor". Liu Chang's fief was in the area south of the Present-day Huai River in Anhui, to the east of Chang'an. Liu Chang was deposed after plotting against him. Son of his brother: Refers to Liu Xingju, the son of Liu Fei the Prince of Qi. TOWNSHIP: Towards. In the third year of Emperor Wen of Han (177 BC), the king of Jibei rebelled and sent troops to attack Xingyang, but was killed in failure. See: Defendant sent. The sentence refers to Liu Hao, the king of Wu, who resisted the imperial court decree and was accused of issuing. Spring and Autumn: Refers to the annual order. Spring and autumn are at their peak, that is, they are in their prime. Unruly: Behave appropriately and without fault. MODA: Max. Ten this: Ten times more than that. The whole sentence refers to the strength of The Prince of Wu and other princes, which is much greater than that of the brothers and sons of the brothers mentioned above.
However, the world is less safe, why not? The king of the great powers is weak and weak, and Fu Xiangfang, who is placed by the Han Dynasty, is in control of his affairs. A few years later, the kings of the princes were mostly crowned, the flesh and blood were fanggang, and the Han Fu was given a commensurate illness, and he was placed in a private place from above the lieutenant, so that there was a difference between Huainan and Jibei as evil? At this time, he wanted to be in order, although Yao Shun was not cured.
Even so, the world is still relatively stable, what is the reason for this? Because the kings of the great princely states were still young and not yet adults, the taifu and chancellors placed there in the Han Dynasty still controlled political affairs. After a few years, most of the princes were crowned adults, flesh and blood, and the Han Dynasty's appointed taifu and chancellor would all return home from illness, and the princes would generally install cronies from the bottom up, if so, what was the difference between their behavior and the king of Huainan and the king of Jibei? At that time, if you want to seek stability in the world, even Tang Yao and Yu Shun will not be able to do it while they are alive. King of a great power: Refers to the princes of a larger feudal state. Fu: An auxiliary official sent by the imperial court to the princely states. Xiang: The chief executive sent by the imperial court to the princely states.
The Yellow Emperor said: "The sun will burn, and the knife will be cut." "Now it is easy to make this way smooth, and it is very easy to be safe, but if you refuse to do it early, you are already a genus of fallen flesh and bones, and you will not be able to resist it! With the position of the Son of Heaven, taking advantage of the present time, because of the help of heaven, Shang is afraid of taking danger as safety and chaos as the rule, assuming that His Majesty is in a place where Qi Huan is, it will not be in line with the princes and the world will be in harmony? The subject also knew that His Majesty would not be able to do anything. Suppose that when the world is like a time, the Marquis of Huaiyin, King Shang, King Chu, King of Tuobu, King Huainan, King Liang of Pengyue, King Han of Hanxin, King Zhao of Zhang Ao, Guan Gao is Xiang, King Yan of Lu, and King Yan of Chen are in charge, so that these six or seven dukes are all dead, when is the time when His Majesty is the Son of Heaven, can he be at ease? The subject has to know that His Majesty cannot also. The world was in turmoil, and Emperor Gao and the princes rose up, and there was no room for the court. The one who is fortunate is the middle trick, and the second is only to give up people, and the material is not caught far away. Emperor Gao took the throne of the Heavenly Son of Heaven with the Ming Dynasty, and cut off the land of the anointed man with kings and princes, more than a hundred cities, a few more than thirty or forty counties, and a de to Woye, but in the next ten years, the opposite occurred nine times. His Majesty and the princes, not pro-horned and subject, not the king, since the high emperor can not be one year old as a security, so the subject knows that His Majesty can not also.
The Yellow Emperor said: "At noon, we must grasp the exposure to the sun, and we must quickly slaughter with a knife." "It is now very easy to make the law and order smooth and steady. If they refused to act early, they would end up destroying their relatives and killing their heads, and was there any difference between this and the situation in the last years of the Qin Dynasty? With the power of the Son of Heaven, taking advantage of today's favorable opportunity, relying on the help of Heaven, and still having some concerns about the measures to turn crises into safety and change chaos into governance, assuming that His Majesty is in the situation of the Duke of Qi Huan, he probably will not unite with the princes to rectify the world, right? I know That Your Majesty must not do that. If the situation in the country is still the same as before, han xin the marquis of Huaiyin still rules Chu, Tuobu rules Huainan, Peng Yue rules Liang, Han Wangxin rules Han, Zhang Ao rules Zhao, Guan Gao is the minister of zhao, Lu Xuan rules Yan, and Chen is still in charge of the country, if these six or seven princes are still alive, at this time His Majesty succeeds to the throne as the son of heaven, can he feel safe? I judge that His Majesty will not feel safe. In the chaotic era of the world, Gaozu and these princes rebelled together, and there was no power of children and nephews to rely on. These princes were lucky enough to become close attendants, and almost only as officials in charge of palace affairs, their talents were far inferior to those of Gaozu. With his wisdom and might, Gaozu became the Son of Heaven on the throne, cut off the fertile land, and made these princes kings, more than a hundred cities, and a few thirty or forty counties, and Ender was generous, but in the next ten years, rebellions against the Han Dynasty occurred nine times. His Majesty did not personally contest the talents of these princes to make them willing to be subjects, nor did he personally appoint them as princes. Even Gao Zu could not get a year of peace because of this, so I knew that His Majesty could not get peace.
However, there are still those who can be blamed, and they are sparse. Please test your relatives. If Wang Qi, King Chu of Yuan, King Zhao of Zhongzi, King Huaiyang of Youwang, Wang Liang of Gongwang, Wang Yan of Lingwang, Wang Huainan of Liwang, and six or seven nobles are all dead, when Is It Time for His Majesty to take the throne, can he cure it? The subject also knows that His Majesty cannot also. If these kings, though they are called subjects, they all have the heart of a clothed kundi, and they are all worried about the monarchy and the son of heaven is his own. Unauthorized people, pardon of capital crimes, or even wear yellow houses, Han decrees are not also done. Although he who does not act as a mighty king, he will not listen to him, but the peace of the call may be done! Lucky to be here, Fa'an can be added! Moving a relative, the whole world looked up, and although His Majesty's ministers were as fierce as Feng Jing, they opened their mouths, and the dagger had fallen into his chest. Although Your Majesty is wise, who is with whom?
However, in these cases, there are also reasons that can be shirked, saying that they are "estranged". Then allow me to try to talk about the relatives and princes. If King Hui of Qi rules Qi, King Yuan of Chu rules Chu, King Zhao rules Zhao, King You rules Huaiyang, King Gong rules Liang, King Ling rules Yan, and King Li rules Huainan, if these six or seven nobles are still alive, at this time, Will His Majesty, the emperor, be able to make the world peaceful? I also know that Your Majesty cannot. Like these princes, although they were nominally courtiers, in fact they all harbored the idea of brotherhood among the common people, and probably did not want to adopt the system of the Son of Heaven and regard themselves as the Son of Heaven. They arbitrarily gave their titles to others, pardoned capital crimes, and even some took the Yellow House car of the Son of Heaven. They did not enforce the laws of the Han Dynasty. Even if it was carried out, an unruly person like King Li would not obey his orders, so how could he be recruited! Fortunately, how could the law be imposed on him! Moving a close relative, the kings of the world all looked around and panicked. Even if there were brave people like Feng Jing among His Majesty's courtiers, he had just opened his mouth to expose the illegal behavior of the princes, and the assassin's dagger had already pierced into his chest. Your Majesty may be wise, who can govern these people with you?
Therefore, those who are alienated will be in danger, and those who are close to them will be chaotic, and the effect of the already existing will also be. Those who have different surnames and strong moves, Han has been fortunate to win, and it is not easy for him to do so. The attack of the same surname is a trace of movement, both signs and ends and returns. The change of calamity is unknown, the Ming Emperor can not be at peace, and the future generations will be like this!
Therefore, the princes who are estranged must be in danger, and the princes who are close to them must also be in turmoil, which is proved by facts. Those princes of different surnames who rebelled with arrogance and power, the Han Dynasty had already defeated them by chance, but it did not change the system that led to rebellion. The princes of the same surname also used this practice and launched a rebellion, and now there are signs, and the situation has completely returned to the previous state! The change of the calamity does not yet know where to move, and the wise emperor in this situation cannot make the country peaceful, and what will future generations do!
The slaughter of cattle tan once dissolved the twelve cattle, and the blade of the man, the platoon stripping, all understand also. As for the place where the hips are, the non-pound is the axe. Fu Ren is righteous and generous, and the blade of the lord of man is also; the legal system of power, the axe of the lord of man. Now the princes and kings are all hips, and they are used for the axe, and if they want the baby to use the blade, the subject thinks that there is no shortage of it. Hu does not use Huainan and Jibei? Inevitable.
The slaughterer slaughtered twelve cows in the morning, and the blade of the butcher's knife did not become blunt, because what he scraped and cut was cut and peeled, and the knife was cut down the texture of the meat. When you touch the crotch and thigh bones, you will either use a machete or an axe to cut it. Benevolence and kindness are like the blade of a king, and power and the rule of law are like a machete and axe of a king. Today's princes are like hips and thigh bones, if you give up the machete, axe is not used, but to use the blade to touch, I think the knife is either out of the gap or broken. Why can't Ren Yi Enhou be used on the king of Huainan and the king of Jibei? Because the situation does not allow it! Hip (kuān wide): A large bone between the upper femur and the Jiri. Hip (bì 敝): Femur. Hip hip refers to the large bones in the body of an animal.
When the subjects stole the past, the strong rebelled first, and the king of Huaiyin, Chu, was the strongest, and then he rebelled; Han Xin relied on Hu, then he rebelled; Guan Gao was the opposite of Zhao Zi; Chen Qibingjing was the same; Peng Yue used Liang, then he was again; Tuobu used Huainan, then he was the opposite; Lu Xuan was the weakest, and finally reversed. Changsha is in twenty-five thousand households, with fewer and most complete achievements, sparse and loyal, non-exclusive heterogeneous people, and the situation is also the same. Although the kings of the dozens of cities of Fan, Li, Dai, and Irrigation are now in ruins, Lingxin and Yuezhilun are listed as Marquis of Che, although they still exist today.
When I privately examined the events of the past, it was basically a powerful rebellion: Han Xin, the Marquis of Huaiyin, ruled Chu and was the most powerful, and he rebelled first; Han Wangxin rebelled again when he relied on the strength of the Xiongnu; Guan Gao rebelled again with the help of the conditions of the Zhao state; The elite chen troops also rebelled; Peng Yue also rebelled with the help of the Liang state; Tuobu also rebelled with the help of Huainan; Lu Qi, who was the weakest, finally rebelled. Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, had twenty-five thousand fiefs, with little merit, but he was preserved, the least powerful and the most loyal to the Han Dynasty; not only because of his different temperament from others, but also because the situation made him like this. If Fan Duo, Li Shang, Zhou Bo, and Dou Bao had been allowed to occupy dozens of cities as kings in the past, it would be possible for them to perish the country now because of their evil deeds. If Han Xin and Peng Yue and the like were to occupy only the position of Chu Hou, it would be possible to preserve them even today. Since this is the case, then the world's great plan can be known. If you want all the princes of the world to be loyal to the Han Dynasty, it is best to make them all like the king of Changsha; if you want your subordinates not to be killed like Han Xin, it is best to let them wander like Fan Duo and Li Shang; if you want to make the world stable, it is best to establish more princely states and reduce their power. If they are weak, it is easy to use morality to direct them, and there will be no evil thoughts of rebellion in a small country. In this way, the situation in the whole country, like the body calling the arm, the arm calling the fingers, there is no one who does not obey the command. The princes did not dare to have the idea of rebellion, just like the spokes gathered on the wheel, they all submitted to the Son of Heaven, and even the common people would know that they were all stable. In this way, the whole world will know the wisdom of His Majesty. Divide the land and establish a system: divide the three kingdoms of Qi, Zhao, and Chu into a number of princely states, and let the descendants of the King of Qi, the King of Zhao, and the King of Chu all receive the fiefdom of the ancestors in turn until they are divided. The same was true for other kingdoms such as Yan and Liang. Some fiefdoms with large fiefs and few descendants are also divided into a number of princely states, which are temporarily vacant and set aside, waiting for their descendants to be born, and then sealing him as a waiting. Many of the fiefdoms of the princes have been stripped and taken over to the Han Dynasty, so adjust the area where the princely state is located for them, and when it is time to seal his descendants to go to other places, they will be compensated according to the number of households that the princely state should have. An inch of soil and a mouthful of people, the emperor did not touch them, it was really just to stabilize and peace. In this way, the whole world will know The integrity of His Majesty. Once the system of dividing up the land was established, there was no descendant of the clan who did not consider maintaining their rule. The courtiers had no thoughts of betrayal, and the emperor had no thoughts of crusade. Therefore, the whole world knows His Majesty's benevolence. Decrees were enacted and no one violated them; Conspiracies such as Guan Gao and Li Ji will not appear, and tricks like Chai Qi and Kai Zhang will not arise. The common people longed for goodness, and the ministers all expressed their deference to the emperor. Therefore, the whole world knows His Majesty's morality. In this way, even if the child is allowed to become the emperor, the world is very stable; even if a widow is set up as the son of heaven, and the courtiers are allowed to worship the imperial robes left by the old emperor, the world will not be chaotic. In this way, the world will be kept at peace, and future generations will praise His Majesty's Holiness. As long as such measures are taken, the performance in the above five aspects will follow, and what is His Majesty afraid of not doing this for a long time?
However, the world's great plan can be known. If all the kings are loyal, then if mo ling is like the king of Changsha, if he wants his courtiers to be loyal, then mo ruo ling is like Fan Li, etc.; if he wants the peace of the world, he must build up the princes and have less strength. If there is little power, it is easy to make righteousness, and if the country is small, it will die of evil intentions. Let the power of the sea be like the arm of the body, and the arm of the arm, and do not obey. The princes of the princes did not dare to have a different heart, and they gathered together and then returned to the Son of Heaven, although they were in the people, and they knew their safety, so the world knew the light of His Majesty. The land was cut off and customized, so that Qi, Zhao, and Chu were each divided into a number of kingdoms, so that the descendants of King Hui, King You, and King Yuan of Yuan were divided into ancestral lands, and the land was exhausted, as well as the yan and Liang kingdoms. Whoever divides the land among the many and has few descendants shall build a kingdom and leave it empty, and those who shall have their children and grandchildren shall be raised up as kings. The land of the princes is cut into the Han Dynasty, in order to migrate to its princely kingdom, and to seal its descendants, so it is paid for it; an inch of land, a multitude of people, the son of heaven is killed, and it is only a matter of determination, so the world knows the incorruptibility of His Majesty. The land system is fixed, the descendants of the clan are not worried about the king, there is no heart of doubling, there is no ambition to cut down, so the world knows the benevolence of His Majesty. The law is established without transgression, the order is not reversed, the plan of the high and the profit is not born, the chai qi and the opening chapter are not counted and not cute, the people are good, and the ministers are obedient, so the world knows the righteousness of His Majesty. Lying on the top of the world, planting the belly, facing the commission, and the world is not chaotic. At that time, the great rule was sung in the future. One movement and five karmas attached, Your Majesty who is afraid of this for a long time?
Today, the situation in the world is like a serious edema disease: the calves are almost as thick as the waistline, and the fingers of the feet are almost as thick as the thighs. Usually, I can't stretch and bend freely, one or two fingers twitch, and I feel that I have nothing to rely on. Losing today's opportunity without healing is bound to become a stubborn disease that is difficult to treat. In the future, even if there is a divine doctor like Bian Que, there is nothing he can do. This disease is not only puffy, but also suffering from the twisting of the soles of the feet and the inability to move. The son of King Yuan of Chu is the uncle and brother of His Majesty, the current King of Chu, the son of his uncle's brother, the son of King Hui of Qi, the son of His Majesty's brother, and the current King of Qi is the grandson of His Majesty's brother. Some of His Majesty's own descendants have not yet divided the land in order to stabilize the world, and the descendants of the side branches have the power to threaten the emperor. Therefore, I said: not only is it harmful to the edema disease, but also because the soles of the feet are twisted and cannot move. What makes people cry is such a disease!
The world is full of diseases. One shin is as big as a few, one finger is as big as a stock, flat and untrustworthy, one or two fingers are shaking, and the body is worried about death. If it is lost to the present, it will be a disease, and although there is a flat magpie in the future, it cannot be done. The illness is not vain, but also bitter. Son of the Yuan King, Emperor from brother, king of the present, son of brother. The son of King Hui, the son of his brother, and the king of the present, the son of his brother. Those who are relatives or die in order to secure the world, those who neglect or control power to force the Son of Heaven, the subjects are not sick and sick, and they are bitter and miserable. Can cry bitterly, this disease is also. The power of the world is falling in the county. Whoever is the Son of Heaven, the head of the world, what is it? On also. Barbarians, the foot of the world, why not? Under also. Now the Xiongnu invaded and plundered, to the point of disrespect, for the sake of the world, until the death of the dead, and the Han Dynasty Jin Shu collected and worshiped it. Yi Di's command is the master's exercise; the son of heaven's tribute is the courtesy of his subordinates. Foot on top, first look down, down county so, Mo can understand, just like the country? It is not just a county, but also a similar type, and it is sick. The husband is sick on one side, and the sore side is painful. In the present-day counties to the north of the west, although there are long lords who are not lightly restored, and those who are more than five feet old are not light, they are not allowed to lie down, and the officials are introduced to sleep, and the subjects are sick. The doctor can cure it, but if it does not make it, it can be the same for the runny nose.
The situation under the heavens is like a person hanging upside down. The Son of Heaven was originally the head of the world. Why? For the position of the Son of Heaven is supreme. Barbarians are the feet of the world. Why? For they are lowly vassals. Now the Xiongnu have an arrogant attitude, insult the imperial court, encroach on land, plunder property, and are very disrespectful to the Han Dynasty, and the scourges created by the world are beyond reproach. However, the Han court was required to send gold, silk cotton and splendid silk fabrics to the Xiongnu every year. The barbarians gave orders to the Han Dynasty, which was to exercise the power of the lord of man; the Son of Heaven paid tribute respectfully to the barbarians, which was the etiquette of his subordinates. The feet are facing upwards, the head is facing down, so that the head and feet are upside down, no one can be rescued, can this still be said that the country has wise people? It's not just head and foot inversion, there's foot disease, and there's wind disease. Foot pain, pain is one side, wind disease, pain is one side. Nowadays, the border counties in the west and north, although they are sealed with high lords to guard the border, are still not exempt from the worry of the enemy's invasion, from old to young because of war readiness and can not be peaceful, reconnaissance personnel have to observe the beacon and can not sleep, soldiers wear armor and sleep, so I say that the pain is one side. The doctor was able to cure the disease, but His Majesty would not let him cure it, which is something that should be weeped and saddened.
His Majesty He Endures the Title of Emperor as a Prince of rongren, and the situation is humiliating, and the misfortune is endless, and it will be poor for a long time! The conspirators think that it is true, but they are incomprehensible, and they are very dead. The number of xiongnu who stole the material was no more than a large county in Han, and the people of one county were trapped by the greatness of the world, and they were even ashamed of the deacons. Why doesn't His Majesty try to make his subjects the officials of the vassal state and the Lord of the Huns? In the strategy of the courtiers, please tie the neck of the single and control his life, and the middle of the line and flogg his back, and raise the order of the Huns. Now instead of hunting fierce enemies, hunting the field, not fighting against the cowards, and playing with amusement without trying to cause major troubles, it is not for peace. De ke can be far away, Wei can be far away, and the threat of hundreds of miles away is not believed, and it can be a drooling.
How can His Majesty bear to be a prince of the Xiongnu with the honorific title of emperor, the position has been humiliated and humiliated, but the scourge has not stopped, how can there be exhaustion in the long run! Most of the people who came to the counsel thought that this was the right thing to do, they could not solve it in the first place, and they lacked a way to ensure peace. I privately estimated that the number of Xiongnu was no more than the number of a large county in the Han Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty, which had a vast world, was troubled by the Xiongnu with a population of only one county, and I was deeply humiliated by those in power. Why didn't His Majesty let me be a subordinate official in charge of the affairs of the Huns? Following my plan, I must strangle Shan Yu by the neck and kill him, ambush the traitor Zhongxing and whip him on the back, and lead the officials and people of the Xiongnu to obey His Majesty's orders. Hunting wild boars instead of conquering the enemy, catching the rabbits of the cattle instead of catching rebellious thieves, indulging in small amusements without thinking about eliminating the great troubles of the country, is not a way to stabilize the world. Weide could have spread far and wide, but now only hundreds of miles away from Chang'an, the majesty of the imperial court and the decrees could not be accepted, which was something that should be wept and saddened.
Nowadays, the people who sell servants, embroider their clothes and silk for them, are partial to the fate, and in the idleness of the inside, they are the queen clothes of the ancient Heavenly Son, so the temple does not feast on those who are also, and the common people can dress and concubines. The table of white silk, the thin one, the partiality, the beautiful embroidery, is the costume of the ancient heavenly son, and now the rich man Jia Jia will summon guests to be walled. The ancients were moderate to serve one emperor and one queen, and the walls of the houses of the present shu people had to be dressed as emperors, and those who advocated superiority and inferiority were used as decorations, but those who were unyielding in the world were not there. And the emperor's body is self-clothed, and the rich people's wall house is embroidered; after the Son of Heaven, he is bound by his collar, and the concubines are related to his performance: this subject is called 舛也. Fu Bairen can't dress a single person, and wants the world to die, hu kede also? One man cultivates it, and ten people gather to eat it, and they want the world to die and hunger, and they cannot get it. Hunger and cold cut to the skin of the people, and they want to die as adultery and evil, and they cannot get it. The kingdom has been bent, and the thief has ears straight, but the devotee knows "not to move", for the big ear. The great disrespect of the husband, the death, etc., the highest risk, the person who enters the plan is still "not to do", but it can be the long-term rest of the person.
Nowadays, those who sell slaves wear embroidered clothes and silk-rimmed shoes for slave cards, and then put them in the bar of trading slaves, which were worn by ancient queens, and were only worn by temple sacrifices, but now civilians are used to wear them for slaves. The kind of white wrinkled yarn for face, thin silk for the lace clothes, is the clothes of the ancient Tianzi, but now the rich and large merchants use to decorate the walls when entertaining guests. In order to serve the Son of Heaven and the Queen, the ancient people saved properly, and today the walls of the commoners' houses can be decorated with the clothes of the emperor, and the lowly singers and geisha can use the queen's costumes. Moreover, the emperor himself wore black clothes of poor quality, while the rich people decorated the walls of the house with ornate embroidered fabrics, the high-grade silk used by the queen to decorate the collar, and the concubines of the commoners used to decorate the shoes. If a hundred people produce silk and satin, which is not enough for a rich man to wear, how can it be done to save the people of the world from the cold? If a farmer cultivates, but ten people get it for nothing, it is impossible to keep the people of the world from starving. The people of the world are hungry and cold, and it is impossible to make them not do what they have violated the law. Since the country is poor and thieves are waiting for the right moment, the advice is just saying "don't change", which is just a big talk. The customs of the people have reached the time when they are the most innocent, the most disrespectful, and the most rebellious, but those who advise them say, "Do not do anything," which should be deeply lamented.
ShangJun bequeathed righteousness, renounced benevolence, and was enterprising. At the age of two, Qin Customs was defeated. Therefore, the rich sons of the Qin family are strong, and the poor sons of the qin family are rich. Borrow the father's chalk, and worry about virtue; the mother takes the broom, standing and saying. Hold on to them, and be with the males; if the women do not speak to each other, they will turn their lips and laugh at each other. His kindness is sharp, and the different beasts die a few ears. However, when he went to the heart, he knew that the six kingdoms and the world were at the same time. Success is achieved, and in the end, we do not know the festival of anti-honesty and shame, and the thickness of benevolence and righteousness. The law of believing in mergers and conquering, the cause of forging ahead, the great defeat of the world, the concealment of the multitude, the deception of wisdom, the courage and cowardice, the decline of the mighty, the chaos to the end, is to rise from the great sages, to shock the sea, and to be virtuous from the world. He who was a Qin was now a Han Dynasty. However, its legacy has not yet changed. In this world, there is a competition between extravagance and vanity, and the system of death, the abandonment of etiquette and friendship, and the increasing shame of donations can be described as different months and different ages. The pursuit of profit is not deaf, and the concern is not Gu Xingye, and now even the one who kills his father and brother is killed. The thieves cut the curtain of the bedroom, the instrument of the two temples, and the gold of the officials in the middle of the day. The hypocriters gave out hundreds of thousands of stone millets, endowed more than six million dollars, and took advantage of the transmission to carry out the county, and this was especially true of their dead deeds. And the minister especially did not report the book, and between the meetings, he thought that it was a big reason. As for the loss of the world, the world is corrupt, because it is not strange, and it is not worried about the eyes and ears, thinking that it is the right ear. Husbands change customs and customs, so that the world returns to the heart and the countryside, and the class is not what ordinary officials can do. The business of the common official lies in the sword and pen basket, and does not know the general situation. His Majesty did not worry about himself, and stole it for His Majesty's pity.
Shang Martin abandoned the grace of etiquette and benevolence, and only wanted to annex the world; his new law was implemented for two years, and the customs of the Qin state were increasingly corrupted. Therefore, the people of the Qin Kingdom, the rich in the family, the son grows up to be separated from his parents, the family is poor, the son grows up to be a door-to-door son-in-law in the rich family; the son borrows farm tools to his father, the face shows the expression of kindness to the father, the mother-in-law comes to take a dustpan broom, the daughter-in-law immediately utters evil words; the daughter-in-law holds the baby in her arms and eats milk, and she lives with her father-in-law, and the daughter-in-law and the mother-in-law have a bad relationship, so they openly quarrel. They only know how to love their sons and covet money, which is not much different from beasts. However, due to their concerted efforts and seizing the opportunity, they also claimed to take the six kingdoms and annex the world. Although Qin's deeds had been accomplished and his purpose had been achieved, in the end he still did not know how to return to the right track of stressing honesty, shame, discipline, benevolence, and morality. Believing in the law of annexation and pursuing offensive causes have brought about a great defeat in the customs of the world; the oppressors of the multitude and the oppression of the few, the cunning and insulting the honest, the bold insult of the weak, the aggression of the young against the elderly, and the social chaos reaches the extreme. Therefore, Emperor Gaozu took on the great task of saving the world, and his prestige shocked the whole country, and the people of the world followed his virtues. What used to belong to Qin has now been transferred to the Han Dynasty. However, the remnants of customs left over from the Qin Dynasty have not changed. Nowadays, people in the world pursue luxury and compete for comparison, but the imperial court has not formulated a law for this, causing people to abandon etiquette and shame, which is getting worse and worse every day, it can be said that it is different every month, and it is changing every year. Before people do something, they don't think about whether it should be done, but only whether they can get benefits. Today's worst development has come to the killing of one's own father and brother. The thieves dared to cut the curtains and curtains to enter the inner chamber, and even stole the utensils of the two temples of Gao zu and Huidi, and even dared to rob the officials and seize money in the metropolis in broad daylight. Some forged documents took away nearly 100,000 quintals of official millet, collected more than 6 million yuan from the people, and traveled around the county by stagecoach. These people are not morally unjust to the point of no return. However, the ministers of the imperial court only regarded the fact that the county and county magistrates did not submit statistical documents to the imperial court within the prescribed time limit as a major problem, but they turned a blind eye to the deterioration of customs and the corruption of the world's customs, and did not arouse alarm, but on the contrary, they regarded it as a reasonable thing. As for using the method of changing customs and customs to make the people of the world change their ways and not act according to the right way, this is by no means something that vulgar officials can do. Vulgar officials can only do some paperwork and do not understand the general body of governing the country. His Majesty does not consider this matter himself, and I privately deplore his Majesty.
The husband and the king, and so on, so that the father and the son have courtesy, and the six relatives have discipline, this is not the work of heaven, but the setting of man. What the lady has set up is not to stand, not to plant is stiff, not to repair is bad. "Guan Zi" said: "Etiquette, righteousness, and shame are said to be four dimensions; if the four dimensions are not open, the kingdom is destroyed." "Let the pipe fool also be, and the pipe and know less about the body, is not to be chilled!" Qin annihilated the four dimensions and did not open up, so the monarchs and subjects were chaotic, the six relatives were killed, the adulterers rose up, the people rebelled, and everyone was thirteen years old, and the society was vain. Now the fourth dimension is still not prepared, so the adulterers are fortunate, and the hearts of the people are confused. Is it now that the scripture system has been set, so that the kings and subjects have differences between the upper and lower levels, the fathers and the sons and the six relatives have their own suitability, and the adulterers have died a few lucky things, and the people of the people believe, there is no doubt! This karma must be stable in the world, and then there is a follow-up. If the warp is uncertain, it is the death of the Judu River, and the middle stream encounters a storm, and the ship will be overthrown. This can also be for the long-term rest.
As for the establishment of the status of kings and subjects, the establishment of the hierarchy of upper and lower levels, the etiquette between fathers and sons, and the observance of dignity and inferiority between the six relatives, this is not a heavenly rule, but a man-made rule. People set up these rules because they cannot establish a normal order in society without them, and without order, society will be chaotic, and if it is not governed, society will collapse. The Pipe says: "Etiquette, righteousness, and shame are four principles, and if these four principles are not established, the country will perish." "If Guan Zi is a foolish and ignorant person, if he knows a little about the general body of governing the country, how can he not be chilled by the lack of courtesy, righteousness, and shame?" The Qin Dynasty abandoned etiquette, righteousness, and shame, so the relationship between kings and subjects was chaotic, the six relatives killed each other, the evil people rebelled everywhere, and the people rebelled against the imperial court, in a total of only thirteen years, the country was destroyed, and now the evil people were lucky to gain the momentum, and the people were suspicious, and now establish a fundamental system, so that the monarch is like a monarch, and the courtiers are like courtiers, and there are hierarchies above and below, so that the father and son and the six relatives each get their rightful position, so that the evil people cannot get lucky, so that the group of subjects is loyal, and the monarch trusts the courtiers! Once this system was established, generations of monarchs enjoyed peace, and future generations of monarchs had a governing law that they could follow. If the fundamental system is not established, it is like crossing a river without anchor ropes and oars, and if a boat encounters a storm in the center of the river, it will definitely overturn, which is worth sighing deeply.
Xia is the Son of Heaven, with more than ten lifetimes, and he is grateful for it. Yin is the Son of Heaven, more than twenty lifetimes, and Zhou receives it. Zhou is the Son of Heaven, more than thirty lifetimes, and Qin receives it. Qin died as the Son of Heaven and died. Human nature is not very far apart, how can the three generations of kings have the length of the Tao, and the qin has no Dao's violence? The reason for this can also be known. The king of the ancients, the prince Naisheng, fixed the ceremony, made the soldier bear the burden, there was Si Qi Su Duan Crown, see the southern suburbs, see the heavens. Passing through the que is going down, passing through the temple is tending, and the way of filial piety is also. Therefore, it is already possible to teach yourself for the sake of the naked son. In the past, When King Cheng was young in his embrace, he summoned the Duke as Taibao, the Duke of Zhou as Taifu, and the Taigong as Taishi. Protect, protect his body; Fu, pass on the virtues of righteousness; Teacher, the lesson of the Tao: These three public offices also. Therefore, in order to place the three youngsters, all go to the doctor, and the young bao, the young fu, and the young master, are also the ones who feast with the prince. Therefore, it is the child who has knowledge, and the three princes and the three young men are filial piety, benevolence, and righteousness, and they are used to the Tao, and they drive out the evil people, and do not see evil deeds. Therefore, they all chose the world's end of the world, filial piety and knowledgeable, to defend the wings, so that they could enter and leave the prince's residence. Therefore, the prince was born to see the right things, hear the right words, and do the right way, and the right people left and right. Husbands and habits and righteous human habits cannot be unjust, and Judas cannot grow in Qi without saying unrighteously; Habits and unrighteous people cannot live without righteousness, and Judas cannot grow in the land of Chu without Chu Yanye. Therefore, if you choose what you want, you will first receive karma, but you will taste it, and if you choose what you like, you will first have a habit, and you will do it. Confucius said: "If less is like nature, habit is like nature." "And the prince is young and long, and the concubine is known, and then enters the school." Scholars, learned officials also. The "Xueli" says: "When the emperor enters the Eastern School, he is close to the relatives and nobles, and he is close to the order and the grace is kind; when the emperor enters the south, the teeth are on the teeth and the nobles are trustworthy, then the elders and children are poor and the people are not false; when the emperor enters the West, the sages and the nobles are virtuous and the nobles are not spared; when the emperor enters the northern school, the nobles and the lords are honored, then the nobles are equal and the lowly are not enough; the emperor enters the Taixue, the teacher asks, retires from the study and is examined by the Taifu, and the Taifu punishes him and punishes him, and the Taifu punishes him and does not succeed, then the virtue and wisdom are long and the rule is good." These five scholars are established at the top, and the people are compiled in the lower part. "And if it is too crowned as an adult, and free from the strictness of the protector, there is a history of remembering, a slaughter of thorough food, a good deed, a wood of slander, and a drum of daring." He recites poems, gong recites proverbs, doctors enter the plot, and scholars pass on the folk language. Habit and wisdom are long, so they are cut and not sacrificed; transformation and mind are formed, so the middle path is like sex. Three generations of ceremonies: Spring Dynasty, Autumn Twilight Moon, so Ming has respect for it; Spring and Autumn School, sits on the old man of the country, holds the sauce and gives it, so Ming has filial piety; Xing Luanhe, Step in "Cai Qi", Fun in "Wanton Summer", so Ming has a degree also; its animals, see its life does not eat its death, hear its sound and do not eat its flesh, so far away from the kitchen, so long grace, and Ming has renye.
The Tianzi of the Xia Dynasty was passed down for more than a dozen generations, and then inherited by Yin Shang. The Tianzi of Yin Shang was passed down for more than twenty generations and then inherited by Zhou. The Tianzi of the Zhou Dynasty was passed down for more than thirty generations and then inherited by Qin. The Tianzi of the Qin Dynasty was overthrown after only two generations. The difference in human disposition is not very large, why did the three generations of monarchs rule the world with virtue to maintain a long period of rule, while the monarchs of the Qin Dynasty were particularly cruel and ruthless? The reason for this is understandable. The wise monarchs of ancient times, when the prince was born, held ceremonies for officials to carry, and the officials in charge of the matter dressed solemnly and solemnly went to the southern suburbs to meet each other. Along the way, you must get off the bus after passing the palace gate, and when you pass the Zongmiao Temple, you must respectfully take small steps and walk quickly, which is the way of filial piety. Therefore, from the time of infancy, the prince accepted moral etiquette. In the past, when King Cheng was still in his infancy, he had Zhao Gong be his Taibao, Zhou Gong be his Taifu, and Taigong be his Taishi. Bao's duty is to protect the prince's physical safety, Fu's duty is to counsel prince Morality, and the teacher's duty is to educate and train the prince's wisdom, which is the duty of the three dukes. At the same time, three youngsters were also set up for the prince, all of whom were shang dafu, called Shaobao, Shaofu, and Shaoshi, whose duty was to live with the prince and set an example for the prince. Therefore, the prince acquired at an early age the knowledge of benevolence and morality. Of course, the Three Princes and the Three Young Men understood how to train the Prince with filial piety, benevolence, courtesy, and righteousness counseling, to drive away the evil villains, and not to let the Prince see his evil deeds. The Son of Heaven carefully selects people who are upright, filial to their parents, who love their brothers, who are knowledgeable and proficient in the art of governing the country, who defend and assist the prince, so that they can get along with the prince day and night. Therefore, from the time of his birth, the prince saw all the serious things, heard the language of the upright, practiced the correct principles, and was upright people before and after. If he has always dealt with an upright person, his thoughts and deeds cannot be unrighteous, just as a person who grew up in the State of Qi cannot fail to speak the Dialect of the State of Qi; if he often gets along with someone who is not upright, he will become an unjust person, just as a person who grew up in the State of Chu cannot fail to speak the Language of the State of Chu. Therefore, when choosing what the prince likes to eat, we must first teach him his studies, and then give him food; if you choose what the prince is happy to play, you must first ask him to complete the practice task, and then let him play. Confucius said: "What is cultivated from an early age is like a natural disposition, and what is often learned and mastered is like a natural instinct." "When the prince was a little older and knew how to be a concubine, he sent him to the academy to study." The academy is the building where the children of the nobles of the imperial court study. The "Xueli" said: "The emperor entered the East, learned to respect his parents, and advocated benevolence, so there was a order of kinship and alienation, and he pushed Ende to the common people; the emperor entered the south to learn, learned to respect the elderly, advocated honesty, so there was a difference between the elderly and the young, and the people did not deceive each other; the emperor entered the west, learned to respect the sages, and admired kindness, so the sages and wise people took up official positions, and the merits were not abandoned; the emperor entered the north school, learned to respect the nobles, and advocated the title, so there was a difference in the ranks of nobles and untouchables, and the subordinates did not dare to exceed their authority; the emperor entered the Taixue, After studying, he went to Taifu to take the exam, and Taifu punished him for his mistakes and corrected his imperfections, so that his character and wisdom could be increased, and the principle of governing the country was obtained. Since these five learnings have been mastered by the emperor, the people of Li can get along harmoniously through indoctrination. "When the crown prince held a crown ceremony when he became an adult and was exempted from the strict discipline of the Taibao Taifu, there were historians who were responsible for memorizing, there was Zaifu who was responsible for eating, the person responsible for entering the good speech stood on the banner to remind him, and the person responsible for advising and abstaining from evil recorded his evil deeds on the wooden board, and those who dared to advise could also beat the drum and warn. Blind historians recite ancient poems to persuade each other, musicians play exhortation tunes, doctors offer their plans, and scholars convey the people's speeches. Habits and wisdom grow together, so that behavior conforms to norms, there is no shame; indoctrination matures with the mind, so that everything is moral, like a natural nature. The etiquette of the Xia, Shang, and Wednesday dynasties stipulates that the sunrise should be greeted in the spring morning, and the sunset moon should be greeted at the autumn sunset; this is the method used to promote the worship of the Tao; in the spring and autumn, when people are studying, the elders of the state are sitting in the classroom, and the emperor must take the mash and personally give it to them, which is the method used to promote filial piety; when going out, the long journey is equipped with a bell on the car, and the slow line is to symbolize the rhythm of the "Caiqi", and the fast walk is in line with the syllables of the "Wild Summer", which is used to master the moderation; for the birds and animals, when they see it alive, they will not kill it and eat it. When they heard its cries, they did not eat its flesh, so they stayed away from the kitchen, which was a way of giving favors and promoting benevolence.
The reason why the third generation of husbands is long-lasting is that the prince with his auxiliary wing has this body also. And Qin and not. Its vulgarity is not noble resignation, and those who are on it are also reprimanded; it is not noble and righteous, and those who are on it are punished. If the Zhao Gaofu Hu Hai teaches the prison, the practitioners are not beheading people, then the three tribes of the Yi people are also. Therefore, Hu Hai is on the throne today and shoots people tomorrow, and the loyal ones call them slanderous, and those who are deeply calculated are called demons, and they regard killing as wormwood. Is it not the nature of Hu Hai that is evil? He who is the way of the other is not his reason.
The reason why the Xia, Shang, and Wednesday dynasties were able to maintain their rule for a long time was that they created a system of educating and tutoring the prince. This was not the case in the Qin Dynasty. The customs of the Qin Dynasty originally did not advocate humility, it advocated treachery; it did not advocate etiquette and righteousness, it advocated punishment. Qin Shi Huang sent Zhao Gao to be Hu Hai's teacher and taught him to learn how to judge cases and sentence him. What Hu Hai learned was either beheading and cutting off his nose, or destroying the three tribes of others. Therefore, Hu Haitou became emperor, and the next day he shot people with arrows, describing those who were loyal to the court as slandering the imperial court, and those with foresight as demons and deceiving the public, and he regarded killing as cutting grass. Could it be that this is just Hu Hai's natural cruelty and viciousness? It was mainly because the content that Zhao Gao induced Hu Hai to learn did not conform to the right path.
The proverb says: "If you are not used to being an official, you will see that you have done something." He also said: "The front car is covered, and the rear car is admonished." "The reason why the three generations of husbands are long-lasting is that they can already be known; but those who cannot follow them are lawless saints. The reason why the Qin Dynasty is desperate, its ruts can also be seen; however, it is not avoided, it is that the rear car will be overturned. The change of survival and the opportunity to control chaos are the key to it. The destiny of the world lies in the prince; the goodness of the prince lies in the early teaching and selection. If the husband's heart is not abused and he first teaches, it will become easy to become a teacher; if he opens the finger of Daoist wisdom and friendship, the power of teaching will also be. If its habits are accumulated, it is only left and right. The people of Fuhu and Cantonese are born with the same voice, and their desires are not different, and their growth is customary, and they are translated and cannot be connected, and those who are practitioners who are dead but do not act with each other are taught to practice. The subjects knew that the selection of the left and right early teachings was the most urgent. If the husband teaches and is right, then the prince is right, and the prince is right and the world is fixed. The Book says: "One man celebrates, and the people depend on it." "At this time also.
As the folk proverb goes, "Don't learn how to be an official, just observe what has been successful in the past." He also said, "The front car is covered, and the rear car is admonished." "The reason why the Xia, Shang, and Wednesday dynasties were able to maintain a long reign was that they could understand their past events, but they did not learn from them, which was not to imitate the wisdom of the saints. The reason for the rapid demise of the Qin Dynasty can also be clearly seen, but it is not careful to avoid, so that the Han court will face the danger of collapse. Here is the law of change, the key point of governance and chaos. The fate of the world depends on the prince alone, and to make the prince a good heir lies in the early education and selection of wise people to be the prince's right and left relatives. It is the duty of education to educate when the child's heart has not been lost, and it is easy to achieve results, so that the prince knows the essence of benevolence and morality. As for making the prince develop good conduct in the accumulation of time and imperceptibly, it is his duty to follow his left and right relatives. The Hu people in the north and the Cantonese people in the south, the cries at birth are exactly the same, the desire to eat milk and the hobbies are no different, and when they grow up, they form different customs and habits, each speaking their own language, even after many translations, they cannot understand each other, and some people would rather die than live with each other, which is completely formed by education and habits. That's why I said that choosing to follow the prince and educating him as soon as possible is the most urgent thing. If the education is proper and the people around are upright, then the prince must be upright, and the prince's integrity can ensure the stability of the world. The Book of Zhou says: "The Son of Heaven is a man of goodness, and all the people of the world rely on him." "Educating the prince is a top priority.
The wisdom of mortals can see what has already been seen, but not what will happen. The fact that the devotee forbids himself before the general, and the Dharma who forbids himself after himself, is easy to see, and it is difficult to know what the liturgy does. If the husband rewards the good, and punishes the evil, and the first king carries out this government, as firm as the golden stone, and does this order, believes as the four hours, according to the justice, selfless as the ears of heaven and earth, do not care? However, those who are known as the one who worships the clouds and the clouds, the nobles are absolutely evil to the unborn, and the teachings are taught in the slightest, so that the people will move from good to the good and the sin without knowing it. Kong Yuyue: "Listen to the lawsuit, I Jews will also be free of lawsuits!" "For those who are the masters of the people, it is better to judge the trade-offs first, and the extremes of the trade-offs are fixed on the inside, and the germination of safety should be on the outside." Those who are safe are not safe for a day, and those who are in danger are not in danger for a day, all of which are gradually accumulated and must not be unaware. He who is the lord of man accumulates, in his choice, and he who rules with courtesy and righteousness accumulates righteousness; he who rules by punishment accumulates punishment. Punishment accumulates and the people resent, and zayi accumulates and the people are kind. Therefore the Lord of the world desires the goodness of the people, and therefore the good of the people may be different. Or the Tao is taught by virtue, or the law is beaten by law. Those who teach morality in the Tao, the morality of religion is harmonious and the people are happy; those who beat them with laws, the laws are extreme and the people are mournful. The feeling of mourning, the response of misfortune. The King of Qin wanted to honor the Temple of The Emperor and his descendants, and Tang Wu was the same, but Tang Wu was vast in his virtues, six or seven hundred years old and lost, the King of Qin ruled the world, and more than ten years old was defeated. Tang Wu's decision to choose and the King of Qin's decision not to judge. Fu world, big instrument also. The instruments of today's people are safe in places, and dangerous in places. The love of the world is different from the death of the instrument, and it is placed in the place of the Son of Heaven. Tang Wu placed the world in Ren Yi Li Le, and De Ze Qia, animals and animals and trees Guangyu, De was brutally slaughtered, and dozens of descendants were tired, and the world also heard about it. The king of Qin placed the world in the punishment of the law, and Deze died, and the resentment was abundant in the world, and the hatred was like a vendetta, and the calamity was several to the body, and the descendants were cursed, and the common sight of the world was also seen. It is not its obvious effect! The words of man say: "The way of listening to words will be judged by their deeds, and the speaker will not dare to speak in vain." "Now or is it better to speak of etiquette and friendship than to decree, and to indoctrinate is not as good as punishment, and the lord of man Hu does not lead Yin, Zhou, and Qin to look at it?"
Man's intellect can know what has already happened, not what is about to happen. The role of etiquette is to stop an act before it occurs, and the law punishes the act that has already occurred. Therefore, the role of law is obvious, but the role of etiquette is difficult to perceive. Rewarding good deeds with rewards and punishing evil with punishments, the kings of the first dynasty carried out such politics, unswervingly, and implemented such decrees, with unmistakable accuracy. According to this principle of justice, politics can be as impartial and selfless as the earth is overturned, and how can it be said that the kings did not use rewards and punishments? However, the most valuable thing about the rituals that people have repeatedly praised is that they can cut off sin before they are formed, and carry out indoctrination from subtleties, so that the people of the world will become more and more kind and away from sin, and they have not yet realized it. Confucius said: "Let me decide the case, I am no different from others, if I have any unique insight, it is to promote benevolence and righteousness, so that the lawsuit will not happen again." "To advise the monarch, it is better to first determine what to choose and what to discard, and once the selection criteria are determined in mind, the corresponding safety consequences will be manifested." The stability of the world cannot be achieved in a day, and the danger of the world is not promoted in a day, but is gradually formed over time, so it is impossible not to observe its accumulation process. The monarch's accumulated method of governance lies in what he chooses and discards. Monarchs who choose the method of etiquette and righteousness accumulate righteousness, and monarchs who choose to rule by punishment accumulate punishment. When the punishment accumulates to a certain extent, the people will complain and betray the monarch, and when the etiquette and righteousness accumulate to a certain extent, the people will be harmonious and close to the court. Therefore, the monarch's desire for the people to be kind and docile is the same, but the methods used to make the people good and docile are different, some are guided by morality and indoctrination, and some are punished by decree. Those who are enlightened by morality and indoctrination, as morality and indoctrination are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, the folk customs will be harmonious; those who punish with laws and regulations, when the laws are used to the extreme, will be sad. The feeling of mourning is the fulfillment of misfortunes. Qin Shi Huang wanted to honor the Zongmiao Temple and stabilize future generations, which was the same as king Shang Tang and King Wu of Zhou, but the king of Shang Tang and King Wu of Zhou widely implemented moral government, and the state they established was preserved for six or seven hundred years; Qin Shi Huang ruled the world for only ten years before it collapsed. There is no other reason here, because the King of Shang Tang and the King of Zhou Wu decided to choose very carefully, while Qin Shi Huang decided not to choose carefully. State power is like a big artifact, and now someone has placed the artifact, and it is safe to put it in a safe place, and it is dangerous to put it in a dangerous place. The principle of governing the country is no different from placing utensils, the key lies in where the Son of Heaven places it. The King of Shang Tang and the King of Zhou Wu placed the world above benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, and music, so that grace nourished the world, animals and animals spread, grass and trees were rich, and the barbarians of all sides were blessed, and the throne was passed on to descendants for dozens of generations, which is well known. Qin Shi Huang placed the country above laws and punishments, and Virtue and Grace were not the same, so resentment filled the world, and the people hated him as if they were enemies, almost to the pot and themselves, and their descendants were exterminated, which was obvious to all the people in the world. Isn't that enough proof that the consequences of different trade-offs are significantly different? Someone said: "To judge whether what someone says is correct, we must observe the facts he says, so that the person who speaks will not dare to talk nonsense." "Now, if someone says that in governing the country, the role of etiquette is not as good as that of laws, and the effectiveness of indoctrination is not as good as punishment, why doesn't the monarch show him the fact that the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty, and the Qin Dynasty rose and fell?
The dignity of the lord of man is like a hall, the courtiers are like his majesty, and the people are like the earth. Therefore, on the ninth level of his majesty, the incorruptibility is high; the rank of his majesty, the incorruptible and nearby, is humble. The high one is difficult to climb, and the low one is easy to ling, and the reason is also the same. Therefore, the ancient saint king system was equal, with gongqing dafushi inside, gonghou bozi male outside, and then officials and small officials, extending to the shuren, with clear ranks, and the son of heaven was added, so his respect was unattainable. As the saying goes, "If you want to throw a rat, you should be jealous." "This good word also. The rat is close to the instrument, and it is still afraid to throw, afraid of hurting its instrument, and the situation is close to the lord of the nobleman! Honesty and etiquette are used to rule a gentleman, so there is death and humiliation. It is the sin of the king who is inferior to the taifu, and he is not far from the Lord, and he does not dare to judge the king's way to the horse, and those who slash his sword are punished; when they see a few rods of the king, they are down, and when they are ridden by the king, they tend to enter the main gate; although the favor of the king may have been, the crime of torture is not added to his body, and the reason for the king is also honored. Therefore, the Lord Yu is far from disrespectful, so the physical appearance of the minister and the strong discipline also. Now since the three princes of the prince are noble, all the sons of heaven have been transformed and honored, and the so-called uncles and uncles of the ancient heavenly sons have also ordered the law of abandoning the city with the people, but the hall is not dead? The humiliated are not afraid? Shame is not good, the minister is not in charge of power, and the high official has the heart of shame? The second world saw that he should be a heavy Law, and the habit of throwing rats and not jealous of instruments was also.
The dignity of the monarch is like the hall of the palace, the courtiers are like the steps under the hall, and the people are like flat earth. Therefore, if there are multiple steps, and the side of the hall is far from the ground, then the hall house appears very tall; if there is no step, the side of the hall is close to the ground, and the hall house appears low. Tall halls are difficult to climb, and low halls are vulnerable to trampling. The same is true of the situation in governing the country. Therefore, the wise monarchs of ancient times set up a hierarchical sequence, there were four grades of gong, secretary, doctor, and scholar in the dynasty, and there were five knights of gong, hou, bo, son, and male outside the dynasty, and there were also officials and teachers and small officials below, all the way to the ordinary people, the hierarchy was clear, and the son of heaven was above the top, so the honor of the son of heaven was unattainable. As the saying goes, "If you want to throw a rat, you must be jealous." "It's a good metaphor. Rats approached the artifacts, and people were afraid to throw things at them for fear of smashing the artifacts, not to mention the honorable ministers who approached the emperor! The monarch restrains the righteous gentleman with incorruptibility and righteousness, so the minister can only order him to commit suicide without torturing him. Therefore, corporal punishment of mutilated limbs such as piercing the forehead and cutting off the nose was not applied to officials above the doctor level, because they were not far from the monarch. According to the rules of etiquette: the courtier could not observe the age of the horse driving for the monarch, and kicked the hay eaten by the horse driven by the monarch with his foot; he had to get up when he saw the monarch's hand and cane; he had to get off the car when he encountered the monarch's carriage on the road; he had to take small steps to enter the main gate of the palace; and even if he committed a crime, he would not be punished for killing, which was the reason for respecting the monarch. This was done in order to prevent disrespectful behavior towards the monarch by his subordinates at an early stage, to respect his ministers and to encourage them to maintain discipline. Now, from the princes and princes to the three dukes and other high-ranking officials, they are all figures who should be treated with courtesy by the Son of Heaven, equivalent to the uncles and uncles of the ancient Heavenly Sons, but now they are like the common people to receive punishments such as piercing their foreheads, cutting their noses, shaving their hair, chopping their feet, flogging, insulting, and beheading the public. Didn't the people who were killed get too close to the emperor? Without the ethics of honesty and shame, wouldn't those ministers who wield great power have the same shameless heart as the criminals who are above the imperial court? As for the Wangyi official incident in which Qin II was killed, Qin II's closeness to Zhao Gao, who was convicted of a felony, was the result of throwing rats without being jealous.
Although the shoes are rarely added to the pillow, the crown is not used for the tho. The husband tastes that he is already in the position of nobility, the son of heaven is transformed and his appearance is in shape, the servant tastes the prostration of the people in fear, and now there has been, the emperor has ordered the abolition of the can also, the retreat can also be given, the death can be given, the destruction can also be; if the husband is bound, it is tied, the loss of the Si Kou, the editor of the disciple, the Si Kou small official scolds and praises, so it is not so that the public can see it. Once the husband and the lowly are accustomed to knowing the noble ones, I can also add this also, not so learn the world, not the honor and honor of the noble. The taste of the husband and the son of Heaven, the taste of the beloved of the common people, the death and death of the ear, the unworthiness of the unworthy should be so humiliated!
I've heard that shoes can't be placed on pillows even if they're fresh, and hats can't be used as insoles even if they're worn out. If a man has ever held a high-ranking position, the Son of Heaven has treated him with courtesy, and the officials and the people have bowed their heads in reverence for him, and now that he has committed a transgression, it is okay for His Majesty to order him to be removed from his official post, it is okay to ask him to return to his hometown, it is okay to ask him to commit suicide, it is okay to kill him; if he is tied up with a rope, escorted to the official palace that manages the prisoners, and punished him as a prisoner in the official palace, the small official in charge of the prisoners can scold and beat him, and these should not be seen by the people. If the lowly people know that once a high-ranking official and noble person is punished for a crime, I can also insult him, which is not conducive to training the people of the world to observe etiquette and righteousness, and is not conducive to advocating respect for high-ranking officials and preferential treatment of dignitaries. How can a lowly man insult an official whom the Son of Heaven once treated with courtesy and whom the people once considered glorious to be dead?
Yu let the king of the deeds in the matter, the wisdom of the bo cut and destroy, the transfer of the zhi bo. and Zhao Zhibo, Yu let the face swallow charcoal, will repay Xiangzi, five rises and no hit. The man asked Yu Zi, and Yu Zi said, "The people of the Bank of China liven up to me, and I am the one who does things; when the Zhi Bo Guoshi meets me, my old country soldier repays me." "Therefore, a yu gives way, against the king, and acts like a dog, and has resisted and is loyal, and has acted out of the lord, and the lord of man has also done it." Therefore when the Lord encounters his ministers, if he encounters a dog or a horse, he will treat the dog and the horse himself; if he encounters an official, he will treat the official and the apprentice himself. Stubborn and shameful, reviled, shameless, and not self-righteous, if you can do it, so if you see profit, you will die, and if you see it, you will take it. If the Lord is defeated, he will stand up; if the Lord has troubles, I will be spared, and I will stand up and look at the ears; and if there is a convenient body, he will deceive and profit. How will the Lord of Man facilitate this? The group is down to the crowd, and the lord is at least above, and the professional of the trusted financial instrument is only under the group. If all are ashamed and vain, then the Lord is the sickest. Therefore, the ancients were not as good as the shu people, and the punishment could not reach the doctor, so the festival of the favored subjects was also. The ministers of the ancients have those who sit incorruptible and abolished, not to say that they are not honest, and who are "not decorated"; those who sit in filthy and adulterous men and women who die are not filthy, they are known as "thin and do not repair", those who sit down and are not competent, they are not soft, and they are "not subordinate to their posts." Therefore, your minister has condemned him to his guilt, but he has not rebuked it in the name of calling for it, and he has still accommodated it and concealed it. Therefore, those who are in the realm of the Great Curse of the Great He, who hear the rebuke of the Great He, are white-crowned, and the water is added to the sword, and the chamber is built and the ear of sin is invited, and the upper does not cling to the tie and leads the way. He who has sinned in the middle of the sin will relax himself by obeying the order, and will not add to the neck of the man. Those who have committed great sins, when they hear the order, they will worship again in the north, fall and cut themselves, and do not make them suppressed and punished, that is, "The son of the doctor has his own ears!" I have the courtesy to meet the son. "When it is courteous, the courtiers are self-pitying; the infant is ashamed of his incorruptibility, and the old man is dignified." Those who set up incorruptibility and righteousness to meet their subjects, and whose subjects do not repay their superiors with frugality, are not human beings. Therefore, when it becomes a custom, the main ear of the human subject forgets the body, the ear of the country forgets the family, the public ear forgets the private, the profit is not meticulous, the harm is not gone, and the only righteousness lies. Shangzhihua also, the former father and brother's minister Chengcheng Death Sect Temple, The Fadu's minister Chengcheng Death Sheji, the auxiliary wing's minister Chengcheng Death Junshang, and the defender of the enemy's chengcheng death city Guo Fengjiang. Therefore, the saint has a golden city, and it is better than the object of this zhiye. He dies for me, so I have to live with him; he dies for me, so I have to live with him; and the husband will be in danger for me, so I will be at peace with him. For taking care of deeds and forgetting profits, observing festivals and fighting righteousness, so you can entrust the power of not being able to do so, and you can send six feet of loneliness. This great shame and friendship is also caused by the loss of the Lord! This is not to be done, but to take care of the other's long-term behavior, so it can be for the long-term rest of the person.
Yu Rang once served Zhongxing Jun, ZhiBo rebelled and destroyed Zhongxing, Yu Rang turned to serve Zhi Bo. When Zhao Xiangzi eliminated Zhi Bo, Yu Rang used lacquer to blacken his face and swallow charcoal to change his voice, and he must take revenge on Zhao Xiangzi, and tried five times without success. Someone asked Yu Rang, and Yu Rang replied: "The Bank of China treated me as an ordinary person, so I served him as an ordinary person; Zhi Bo treated me as a national soldier, so I repaid him with the status of a national soldier." "It turned out to be the same Yu Rang, who betrayed the monarch and served the enemy, acted like a pig and a dog, and later loyal to the king and observed the festival, and committed the act of martyrdom, which was made by the Lord of Man to make him like this. Therefore, if the monarch treats the minister like a dog and a horse, the minister will compare himself to the dog and the horse, if the monarch treats the minister like an official, the minister will treat himself as an official, if the minister plays with means without shame, without ambition, without moderation, without the concept of shame and without paying attention to cultivation, and if he is happy, he will seize the benefits when he sees them, and he will seize them when he sees the benefits. When the Lord is in decline, he takes the opportunity to seize the Property and Status of the Lord; when the Lord is in trouble, he is indifferent and stands idly by; when there is something good for him, he deceives the master and sells the interests of the master for gain. How can this be beneficial to the Lord? The number of courtiers is large, and the number of masters is the smallest, and all aspects of money, utensils, occupations, etc. must be controlled by the courtiers. If all the courtiers have no shame and are at peace, then the Lord is most worried. Therefore, in ancient times, rituals were not imposed on the people, and punishment was not imposed on doctors, in order to encourage favored subjects to maintain integrity. Some ministers in ancient times were dismissed because they were unclean, not to say that he was not honest, but to say that he was "unscrupulous and unscented"; some who committed the crime of filthy and adultery, mixed with men and women, did not say that he was obscene, but said that he was "weak and unprotected"; there were those who were dismissed because he was weak and incompetent and incompetent, and did not say that he was weak and incompetent, but said that he was "inferior to office" and said that he was "not an official." Therefore, the eminent minister did indeed commit a crime, and he did not directly point out the sin he had committed, but used another euphemism to avoid him. Therefore, those ministers who were severely condemned and reprimanded by the monarch, dressed in mourning clothes, with plates and swords containing water, came to the Qing Chamber to be disposed of, and the monarch did not send anyone to bind and lead him. Those who committed intermediate crimes committed suicide after being convicted of the crime, and the monarch did not send anyone to behead him. One of those who had committed a grave sin, after hearing the will of the verdict, bowed to the north twice, knelt down and committed suicide, and the monarch did not send anyone to pluck his hair and behead him on his head, and the monarch said to him, "You have committed your own transgressions, and I have treated you with courtesy." "When the monarch treats his subjects with courtesy, the courtiers will be self-excited, and the monarch will restrain his subjects with shame, and people will pay attention to integrity and conduct." If the monarch treats his subjects with shame and courtesy, and the courtiers do not repay the monarch with dignity and character, then he is not like a person. This custom has become a common practice, so that the courtiers will only serve the monarch and ignore themselves, only for the country and not the family, only consider the interests of everyone and do not care about personal interests, see that there are interests and do not easily take advantage of them, and do not easily avoid dangers when they see dangers, all of which are done according to the requirements of etiquette. The monarch advocates this spirit, so that the clan courtiers will sincerely die to maintain the temple, the judicial courtiers will sincerely die for the country, the auxiliary courtiers will sincerely die for the monarch, and the courtiers guarding the prisons and guarding the frontiers will sincerely die for the security of the country. To say that the monarchs of the Holy Ming all have a golden city is to use the golden city as a metaphor for this ambition. They are still willing to die for me, so I should live with him; they are still willing to live with him regardless of my safety, so I should coexist with him; they are still willing to risk for me, so I should be safe with him. Everyone only considers whether what he wants to do is in line with morality, and does not consider whether he can obtain benefits, adhere to integrity and respect the great righteousness, so the monarch can entrust his courtiers to govern the country, and he can entrust the prince who has not yet reached adulthood to the ministers to assist, which is the result of promoting honesty and advocating etiquette, so that the monarch has not lost anything! Not doing such a thing, but for a long time practicing the wrong method of insulting the minister, so it is worth deeply sighing.