In July 1938, the Yan'an Anti-Japanese Military and Political University enrolled students in the anti-Japanese base area in southern Hebei, and Hengshui County sent nine comrades to yan'an to study at the Anti-Japanese University, namely Sun Guangyong (Police Yu) and Liu Baozhen of the War Commission, Wang Shuhuan (who worked in Xinjiang after graduation), Ma Shumin (Ma Zhi), and Wei Suoxiang of the Women's Rescue Association, Jia Guangqin (Ran Ping), the county team leader of the National Liberation Vanguard, and nine officers under Shao Beiwu's subordinates, Gong Juming, Yu Fengyuan, and Shi Shuangchen, a Xiguan shop member. At the beginning of August, amid the farewell sound of the gongs and drums of the War Committee, he reported to the Nangong EastWard Column.
The fate is roughly as follows:
In October 1939, CPC members Zhang Haifeng, Wang Lin, Jia Diange, Liu Weiguang (Liu Hui), Li Zimi, Wang Geng, and others, with the support of the enlightened gentleman Mr. Jia Zhiqing, established the Anti-Japanese Hoe Gang of our county after discussion at his home to engage in anti-Japanese rescue activities. Enthusiastic young people in our county have participated. In order to arm the minds of the league members with new ideas, Comrade Zhang Haifeng donated his secret collection of "Youth Self-Study Series" and Zou Taofen's "Mass Life" and "Eternal Life" progressive books and periodicals, and set up a mobile library for the league members to circulate. These books and periodicals are all banned by the Kuomintang, and to most of the league members, they have never seen anything they have seen before, and they all feel new and rush to read them. Through reading these books and periodicals, I began to understand the Anti-Japanese propositions of the Communist Party of China and the united front policy, which stimulated the demand for further study.
Ma Guorui
In February 1938, the Eastward Column arrived at Nangong, founded the Anti-Japanese Military and Political Cadre School, and the Anti-Japanese Hoe Gang sent more than ten comrades to study, which was taught by Ma Guorui and other comrades of the Special Committee. After returning to the county, with the support of the provisional county government presided over by Mr. Jia Zhiqing, organizations such as the War Committee and the Women's Rescue Association were established to carry out anti-Japanese work. In the course of work, those of us who deeply feel that our political and ideological level and work ability are very unsuitable to the needs of the work. In the classroom, I learned to organize the masses, but I did not mobilize and organize the masses when I worked, often relying on simple administrative orders. Books have taught us to unite the masses, but our concept of the masses is still stuck in the era of the agrarian revolution, and those who have not joined our organizations but follow us are "our masses", and those who have not yet followed us are not the masses. Those who actively resisted Japan were intimate, alienated from those who held a wait-and-see attitude and had a fear of the Sun, and almost hostile to those who had the influence of anti-communist ideology. These questions bother us. Most of the members of the league were not yet sympathizers of communism, but had come together for the sake of the anti-Japanese resistance and the Communist Party. Most of these people realized since the "129" student movement, especially after the Xi'an Incident, that the Communist Party really stressed unity and resistance to Japan. He was willing to resist the Communist Party, but he did not understand communism.
Yang Xiufeng
There are opportunities to learn, but each person has his own problems and cannot do so. In February 1938, Comrade Wang Lin got in touch with the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region, and the military and political cadre school of the military region was opened, and Wang Lin suggested that the southwest region send people to study. However, the people in the southwest district thought that some of the geographical backs of Wutai Mountain were reluctant to go, and only a few people went to the western district. In May of the same year, the 129th Division's Military and Political Cadre School enrolled students, and Mr. Jia Zhiqing personally mobilized several young people to study, and they clearly stated that they wanted to go to Yan'an. In June, Yang Xiufeng founded the Anti-Japanese War Jianguo College (later moved to Shen County) in Shulu. Many comrades thought that this was not the eighth route army and did not want to go, (Yang Xiufeng was a secret party member at that time, as a non-partisan member of the old league as the director of the Civil And Military Movement Department, the commander of the Western Hebei Guerrilla Army), so it was extended until July, and the county War Committee received an advertisement for the enrollment of the Anti-Japanese University and began to handle the enrollment matters. For a while, the crowd was excited and proposed to go to Yan'an to study. After a few days, people started to calm down. The anti-Japanese work has just been carried out, the anti-Japanese organization has not yet been fully established, and there is a shortage of cadres, so it is not possible to transfer too many cadres to leave their posts. Some people considered that they were tired and had difficulties in leaving their hometowns, and after a period of consideration, seven people were finally set up among the staff (not counting the officers of the ShaoBu Department).
We set off from the county seat and spent the night on the way to a village north of Nangong Castle. There was a reception station for the political headquarters of the Eastward Column. After staying, everyone was excited and full of energy. A general affairs director in charge of reception work came to see us and talked about the day, and he said: "When you go to Yan'an, you have to pass three passes, the first pass is the steep mountain road of Jiaojiaoling (also known as Qinquan Ridge, that is, Junji Pass), the second pass is Tongpu Road, the west side is a steep mountain, the intersection is guarded by Japanese Kou, and there may be fighting, and the third pass is the yellow river, the narrow river is narrow and the rapids are high, looking at the dizzy, are you not afraid?" Within a few days, the cadets from all walks of life in southern Hebei arrived, and more than 200 cadres drawn from the army of Fan Zhuxian, the commissioner of Liaocheng City in northwestErn Lubei, also arrived. The cadets from the two places were combined into one battalion and mixed into three companies. Cadres are filled by cadets. The battalion commander, Ma Yizhi, was an old party member. There were many people's pioneers in the whole battalion, and the battalion set up a minxian brigade, with the company as a squadron and the platoon as a detachment. Xu Mingchu, the leader of the Minxian Brigade, was a student of the University of the People's Republic of China in northern China, and it was said that he was also an old party member, and he lost his relationship and wanted to go to Yan'an to find a relationship. Departing on August 12, Liu Zhijian, leader of the Eastward Column, made a mobilization speech, encouraging everyone to unite and love, overcome difficulties, conscientiously study Marxism-Leninism, and return to the front line to fight together.
During the march, the Civil Pioneers were responsible for political education. Every day, a political discussion topic is drawn up, discussed by the whole class during the break, and the discussion situation and problems are reported to the brigade after camping, and the captain summarizes and then conveys it. Among comrades, solidarity and mutual assistance, full of emotions, do not feel tired. The crossing of the Pinghan Road blockade line was smooth and there was no encounter with hostility. After entering the mountainous area, I was not used to walking the mountain road and began to feel difficult. It is indeed more difficult to cross the Qinquan Ridge. Nearly noon, after lunch, take a break and start up the hill. Looking up, the mountain was not high, and I thought that I would go up with a drum. Who expected to climb a mountain, and there was another mountain, climbing, climbing, tired to look up and there is a big mountain, looking down, the mountain like a steamed bun line extends to the east. A great plain of fog in the distance. Many people have fallen behind, breathless and have no staying power, their legs are weak to support their knees, slowly climbing up, some people are not in a hurry to calm down a while ago, this will be more energetic, rushing ahead. At the bottom of the last hill, someone rushed up with the momentum of a charge. "It's here!" came the sound of joy. Seeing that victory was in sight, tired people, the momentum came up again. In the afternoon, when the sun will set, all up the ridge, down to the town of Qinquan in Shanxi, less than half a mile, the road is flat, a trot to arrive. The climate here is cooler, and when you wear autumn clothes at night, your body is still cold. From this place, head south to Licheng, the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army, for a short rest. The 129th Division headquarters gave us a nickname, the 129th Division Teaching Battalion. Then from the south to the town of Weizi in Changzhi County, I rested for a few days and spent the Mid-Autumn Festival. It then marched to Biyuan (present-day Tanghe County) to the town of Hanhong. Ahead of them encountered even greater difficulties, that is, to cross the Han Hongling Mountains. Hanhongling belongs to the Taiyue Mountains, with an altitude of more than 2,600 meters. From Hanhong Town to the military village for more than seventy miles, to march on the mountain beams, there are no people, sheep intestines path, rugged and difficult to walk. Up to the top of the mountain, the weather was cold, the hands were frozen, and the mouth was wooden. The hand could not grasp things, the mouth could not speak, there was no water, wanted to eat the mouth without being called, in this case, it was enough to walk for more than thirty miles, and when it was about to go down the mountain, it was warmed up. Arrive at sunset to camp in the military camp. Junzhai was set off through the starting point of Tongpu Road, and after dinner the next afternoon, it was to pass through the railway between Liangdu Town in Jiexiu County and Yitang Town in Lingyou County, escorted by a platoon of the Eighth Route Army. In the middle of the night, the party descended to the middle of the hill, and the scouts found the intersection guarded by the enemy. Turning back to another pass, I passed through safely. Arrive at a mountain retreat before dawn to rest. At dawn, standing at the head of the village and looking east, the town of Liangdu was at the bottom of the mountain, and a train was roaring and spitting out white smoke and heading north. The fellow villager said that there are more than 20 miles to Liangdu Town by taking the mountain road, and the straight line can not see more than six or seven miles. From there, it traveled along the highway through the outskirts of Damai and successfully reached Yonghe County. The county seat of Yonghe is very small, the city is only two miles, the houses are dilapidated, and there is a detachment of the 115th Division stationed here to prepare for us to cross the river. The ferry port is Yanshui Pass. After arriving at the ferry, I saw that both sides of the river were loess barren mountains, bare, not even grass, the Yellow River was flowing rapidly, and the ferry could accommodate more than forty people. There is a rudder at the helm, Ganyu yumin sailors shake two oars, the oars are very long, the handle is very thick, the sailors sing the trumpet and shake, looking very difficult, we sat in the cabin, felt the boat suddenly up and down, with the waves drifting, when the ship descended to the wave valley, looked up to see the wave head high above the boat help very high, very dizzy, soon the ship arrived on the other side smoothly. After crossing the river, the team continued to advance, passing through Yanchuan, Yanchang, and Ganguyi, which was only forty miles away from Yan'an, and people were particularly excited. When I arrived in Yan'an to stay at the guest house, I took a break in time, walked the streets, went to the Xinhua Bookstore to buy books, "Selected Works of Lenin", "Selected Works of Stalin", "On the Strategic Problems of Guerrilla Warfare" by Chairman Mao, "On Protracted War", and "On Political Parties". Some people bought books for the few remaining travel expenses. In the Yan'an formation, we were organized into a detachment of five major teams, the five major teams were stationed in Qingyang, and three female comrades remained in the Yan'an girls' brigade. When they arrived in Qingyang, Wang Weizhou, commander of the 385th Brigade, and He Changgong, the commander of the Fifth Brigade, came out to greet them. The brigade department prepared a sumptuous dinner for us - steamed buns, pork dishes, and it was really sweet to eat.
In 1939, Xiao Jinguang and Wang Weizhou were in Yan'an
After arriving in Qingyang, the first lesson was to repair the house. Our team lived in a broken temple, the main hall and the box hall only had three walls, we went down to the city root to pick up the brick and gravel walls, put on the floor to sleep, the house was repaired, and dug an air defense trench to prevent air raids. Just as the course was about to start, news came that I was going back to Yan'an. Originally, in light of the development of the war situation, the Party Central Committee decided to go behind enemy lines to run schools, and the Five Brigades went to Southeast Jin to establish branch schools, with He Changgong as the principal. In view of the fact that we had just escaped from the enemy, the school leaders decided to stay in Yan'an and be incorporated into the three major teams to study. It is for the preparatory department of the three major teams, stationed on Qingliang Mountain. Start entering the learning phase. At this time, the spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Cpc Central Committee is being thoroughly conveyed and implemented, and we study the book "On the New Stage" with the spirit of the Plenary Session as the content, and three famous professors, Zhang Ruxin, He Sijing, and Zhang Shenfu, will give a big lesson to the whole brigade and discuss it after class. There were ideological struggles during the discussions, and because the composition of the trainees was relatively complex, most of them were progressive youths, and they were also mixed with individual class dissidents and small Kuomintang officials. There was a zaoqiang county resident in our class, who was originally the section chief of the Kuomintang county government, and the purpose of his coming to Yan'an was to go to Gansu under false pretenses to find his superior, the administrative commissioner of Longdong in Xifeng Town. Every time there was a discussion, he contradicted him and provoked a debate, and everyone put the facts and reasoned to refute him. Later, he got in touch with the Commissioner of Longdong and went to his superiors to become an official.
In the middle of studying while studying and working, when the Japanese bombed Yan'an, for safety measures, to open the caves to each other, the rock is very hard, a pickaxe knocks a white mark, the tiger's mouth is painful, hit the blood bubbles, wrapped in cloth and dug again, when you think of this cave was dug by the students of the third phase, the difficulty is greater, and you don't think it is bitter.
After completing the preparatory course, they were reassembled, and the two female comrades Wang and Ma were transferred to Yan'an Women's University, Wei Suoxiang and Liu Baozhen were transferred to Zhang Cunyi Health School to study medicine, and Sun Guangyong and I were transferred to the second brigade. Since then, contact with the countryside has been lost. After transferring to undergraduate, he put into the large-scale production movement. At the beginning of 1939, the Kuomintang completely cut off the supply of our Eighth Route Army. Yan'an military and political personnel have encountered great difficulties in their lives. When the Central Committee decided to produce self-sufficiency and was still studying in the preparatory department, Chairman Mao personally mobilized at the Kang Da, and all units stationed in Yan'an were gathered in the courtyard of the three major teams. Chairman Mao came, dressed in a very simple manner, and speaking in a loud voice. After first analyzing the current situation and recounting the difficulties faced by the border areas, he asked, "Waiting for starvation to death, or is it the dissolution of the Anti-Japanese War?" Neither of these two methods is in favor of, and the only way is to do it yourself and carry out large-scale production. In this way, you can also train into a new communist who combines brain and body. Chairman Mao called on us to take the first step, to set up a large anti-japanese farm with cooks and students to cook their own rice. Everyone shouted in unison in approval. When the second spring plowing season arrives, everyone goes up the mountain to clear the land. The whole school was very emotional. Chairman Mao was so amiable that it is hard to forget. After the completion of the preparatory course, I went up the mountain to cultivate the land. After the planting, Sun Guangyong and I were transferred back to the three teams and seven teams, which was the team we used to have in the preparatory department, and there were many people from Ji'nan. At this time, the three teams moved to Wayao Fort in Bao'an County, where they began a new combat life - anti-friction. There was a Kuomintang administrative commissioner's office in Wayao Fort, and Commissioner He Shaonan was an expert in friction. Single-mindedness and resistance are against each other. He detained my classmates on the street, causing a fight. After negotiations, the people were released, and he mobilized Hu Jingtong's troops into the fort, occupied the hill near the three teams, threatened the three teams, the seven teams, and also lived in the seven teams opposite the door. Sometimes guns were fired at night in the courtyard of the Seven Teams. We also confronted each other, with three teams digging communication trenches and scattered bunkers halfway up the mountain, cutting off roads up and down the hill, and one team occupying the highest commanding heights in town. A confrontation situation is formed. In the evening, the seven cadets took advantage of the opportunity to stand guard and talk with the Kuomintang soldiers about unity and resistance against Japan. The soldiers had a good attitude and did not want to make trouble. He Shaonan also attacked the four regiments of our remaining regiment, and the four regiments returned fire. After the contest, He Shaonan did not get a bargain, felt that he could not fight the Eighth Route Army, withdrew his troops, and the mutual relations tended to temporarily ease.
In June, the Central Committee decided to go to the southeast of Jindong to run the school, and we began to march behind enemy lines. After crossing the river, due to the enemy's sweep of the Taihang Mountains, he turned back and decided to go to the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region first, and after three months of marching, he suffered a lot and reached the vicinity of Chen Zhuang in Lingshou County, Hebei Province. An enemy brigade attacked Chen Zhuang in order to eliminate Kang Da. After three days and nights of fighting, our 120th Division and the troops of the Border Region completely annihilated the enemy and killed the commander of the Suwon Brigade. Soon the enemy, in retaliation, launched a winter sweep, and we moved to the ravine to study. Half a month later, the Great Purge was shattered and New Year's Day came. After the New Year's Day, the main school was ordered to go to southeast Jindong, and most of the trainees were assigned to work after graduation, some were assigned to the 120th Division, some were assigned to Jizhong, some were assigned to Taiyue District, Sun Guangyong went to Jizhong, and I stayed in Jinchaji. Since then, nine people in our county have lost contact with each other. We regret that we were unable to return to our homeland to defend the war. When we think of "boys are determined to be in the four directions", although we are far away from home, there are many outsiders who go to Ji'nan to participate in the battle to defend our hometown, and the mood is comforted.
Source: Hengshui City Literature and History Materials, Vol. 4