Sheep flakes of trematodiasis, zoonotic parasitic disease

Sheep flake trematodiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by hepatic flaky trematode or large flukes parasitizing in the end-end host sheep liver bile duct.

【Common Symptoms】

In summer and autumn, some sheep in the common flock are depressed, body temperature rises, appetite loss or even abandonment, severe anemia, bloating, enlarged abdominal circumference, pain in the percussion of the liver area, sheep dodge; occasional diarrhea; often death occurs in 3 to 5 days. Acute hepatitis can be seen in dissected dead sheep, with enlarged liver, bleeding spots, and a large number of immature insect bodies in the bile ducts; in some cases, peritoneal inflammation and a large amount of blood-colored fluid in the abdominal cavity. In winter and spring, sheep are progressively emaciated, anemia, pale eye conjunctiva and oral mucosa, coarse and dull hair, edema of the lower and chest and abdomen, stubborn thinning, and finally death due to extreme exhaustion. The duration of such conditions can be more than twenty days or even months. Autopsy of dead sheep may show chronic proliferative hepatitis lesions, liver hardening, atrophy and smaller, bile ducts dilated or rope-like protrusion on the liver surface, thickening of the bile duct wall, rough intima, narrowing of the lumen, containing bloody mucus and insects; in severe cases, cysts of varying sizes can be seen on the surface of the liver, and there are trapped bile and insect bodies after incision.

【Etiology analysis】

Flaky trematodiasis in sheep is caused by hepatic flaky trematodiasis or large trematodes parasitizing the liver and bile ducts of sheep. Liver flaky trematodes are dorsal and abdominal flattened leaf-like, brownish red, the head and shoulders are pronounced, the worm body is 20 to 35 mm long and 5 to 13 mm wide; the eggs are oblong,ovoid, yellowish brown, with an egg cap at the narrow end, and the egg is filled with yolk cells and 1 embryo cell, and the eggs are 116 to 132 microns long and 66 to 82 microns wide. Large-scale trematodes are long-leaf-shaped, parallel on both sides, inconspicuous at the shoulders, with a body length of 33 to 76 mm and a width of 5 to 12 mm; the eggs are 150 to 190 μm long and 75 to 90 μm wide.

The disease is more common in rainy years and in swampy low-lying areas. Sheep of all breeds, sexes and ages can be infected and develop the disease. The climate in late spring and summer is warm and rainy, and the water in the low-lying areas of the ditch pond is conducive to the development and reproduction of insects, and sheep are prone to infection and disease, and most of them are acute cases caused by the migration of flaky trematodes in the liver, and in severe cases, they can be sick and die in groups. In autumn and winter and spring, adult parasitism in the hepatobiliary ducts caused by chronic proliferative inflammation of the hepatobiliary ducts, often sporadic onset in sheep. Chronic cases or cases of latent infection, under conditions of sudden changes in environmental conditions such as long-distance transportation, off-site captivity, etc., can lead to the sudden onset and death of sick sheep.

The diagnosis can be confirmed by examining the feces by sedimentation method to find eggs or postmortem autopsy finding typical liver lesions and child worms and adult worms. When the number of eggs in sheep per gram of feces reaches 300 to 600, the infection is more serious, and the drug should be used to deworm in time.

【Prevention and control】

Flaky trematode is a common disease of sheep, multiple diseases and old diseases, clinically often to gradual wasting, anemia, etc. as a feature, farmers due to the lack of understanding of sheep flakes chizoomiasis, mostly treated as malnutrition, due to misdiagnosis and mistreatment and lead to losses, sheep breeding practice should be paid attention to.

1. Prevention

(1) Regular deworming should be carried out at least once a preventive deworming in the spring of each year and early autumn and early winter, and the number of deworming and the time of deworming can also be determined according to the local specific conditions and the condition of the sheep. It is best to regularly check the eggs in the feces by water washing and precipitation or direct smear method, and determine the timing of deworming according to the intensity of infection, especially the grazing sheep should be dewormed before grazing. The fecal accumulation and fermentation after deworming is harmlessly treated to prevent egg spread, environmental pollution and whole population infection.

(2) Prevent infection and avoid grazing in swamps and low-lying areas to avoid infection with cystic butterflies of flaky trematodes. Ensure that drinking water sources are clean, preferably with tap water, well water or flowing river water, and avoid drinking shallow pond water or low-lying water. Where conditions permit, rotational grazing can be used to reduce the chance of infection.

(3) The elimination of intermediate hosts can be combined with water and soil transformation to eliminate the breeding conditions of freshwater snails. In areas where the disease is endemic, drugs can be used to kill snails, and waterfowl can also be raised to kill snails.

2. Treatment

The special drug of "Sannong Sheep App" can be used: cyanocyanatodosamide sodium injection, per 1 kg of body weight, sheep 0.1-0.2 ml, once subcutaneous or intramuscular injection.

Search for [Sannong Yangqiao] in the application market to install the app