<b>In zoology, turtles and turtles are usually divided into turtles and turtles, turtles are commonly known as turtles, turtles are commonly known as turtles, and the biggest difference between turtles and turtles is that their carapace degenerates into soft flesh pads. That is, the turtle has a carapace and the turtle does not. As a traditional Chinese mythical beast, Xuanwu's human archetype is naturally indispensable to turtles, and these strange-looking and increasingly rare reptiles are already in danger on the earth, and the larger they are, the more endangered they are. Today we introduce a turtle that does not have to worry about the survival of the species - the Yellow River turtle. </b>
88. Yellow River turtle
The Yellow River turtle belongs to the Yellow River group of Chinese turtles and is a turtle species native to China. The Yellow River turtle has three obvious characteristics, that is, the back carapace is yellow-green, the abdominal carapace is yellow, and the turtle oil is also yellow, so the Yellow River turtle is also called the three yellow turtles.
In addition to the three characteristics of the yellow back, bottom yellow and oil yellow "three yellows", the Yellow River turtle also has the following characteristics: this turtle has a strong disease resistance, and China advocates healthy breeding. The so-called healthy breeding is to minimize the amount of medication in the production process to prevent the accumulation of these drugs in the body of the commercial turtle, and the Yellow River turtle species is more suitable for healthy breeding.
The Yellow River turtle has a flattened body, oval shape, and has a dorsal abdomen with armor. The whole body is covered with soft leathery skin, no keratinous shield. The body color is basically the same, and there are no distinct pale spots. The head is thick and the front end is slightly triangular. The snout is elongated in a tubular shape with a long fleshy snout, about the same diameter as the eye. The eyes are small and are located on either side of the back of the nostrils. The neck is thick and cylindrical, and it can be easily retracted. There are no obvious fistulas or large warts on either side of the base of the neck and on the anterior margin of the dorsal nail.
The dorsal carapace of the Yellow River turtle is dark green or yellowish brown, surrounded by hypertrophic connective tissue, commonly known as "skirt". The ventral carapace is off-white or yellowish-white, flat and smooth, with 7 corpus callosums, which are on the upper web, the inner web, the tongue and lower web joints, and the sword plate. The tail is shorter. The limbs are flattened and the hind limbs are more developed than the forelimbs. There are 5 toes on each of the front and back limbs, and there are webs between the toes. The inner 3 toes have sharp claws. All limbs can be retracted into the carapace.
Living environment
The Yellow River turtle survives in the Yellow River Basin and the northern region of China and the saline-alkali zone in central China, with changeable cold and warm, four distinct seasons, high mineralization and carbonicity of water bodies, thus forming its unique characteristics. First, the vitality is tenacious, even if the water body and the temperature change frequently, hibernate for a long time and be hungry for a long time, they all show a strong adaptability; second, the energy substance sugar moon deposited in the body is rich in a variety of highly unsaturated fatty acids and colloidal protein content higher than other turtle species. Among the turtle bodies of the same size, the protein content of the yellow river turtle is higher than that of other turtle species2. 8 percentage points, 0. higher than the wild turtles of other turtle species. 6 percentage points; the third is that the body color is orange yellow, the body shape is oval and compact, the skirt is wide and thick, and the appearance is intuitive, etc., the commercial traits that can be shown are better than other turtle species; the fourth is fast growth rate and strong stress resistance.
Scientific value
The Yellow River turtle is a precious aquatic animal with high economic value, a nourishing food for dietary therapy, and also has high medicinal value. Chinese the history of turtles, can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty or even further.
The Yellow River turtle is not all "three yellow turtles", and the string of varieties accounts for one-third, that is, the back yellow, bottom yellow, and body yellow (oil) also have a single feature.
The meat of the Yellow River turtle is delicious, nutritious and high in protein, especially the skirt is a popular delicacy. According to the determination, the protein content of 100 grams of turtle meat reached 16. 5 g. In addition, it is also rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin A and other nutrients.
Yellow River turtle is also a precious medicine, its ingredients contain animal glue, keratin, vitamin D and iodine, etc., with yin and heat, liver and kidney, cracking soft and firm and anti-stasis function.
Turtle armor, head, flesh, blood, galls, etc. can be used as a human medicine. According to the "Compendium of Materia Medica", turtle meat can cure long-term diarrhea, fatigue, athlete's foot and other diseases; turtle nails are mainly used to treat bone steaming fever, yin deficiency and wind movement, liver splenomegaly and cirrhosis; turtle blood external compresses can cure facial nerve palsy, pediatric chancre hot flashes, mixed with wine can treat women's blood tuberculosis; turtle eggs can cure long-term diarrhea; turtle bile has the effect of treating hemorrhoid fistula and so on. Dried turtle head is called "turtle head", which can treat prolapse, leakage sores and so on. Proprietary Chinese medicines prepared with live turtle, turtle nail or turtle nail glue as raw materials include Erlong Paste, Black Chicken White Phoenix Pill, Hua Symptomatic Rejuvenation Dan, Shi Guo Gong Liquor, Turtle Nail Decoction Pills and so on.
According to the data, the current breeding volume of Yellow River turtles in China is 3 million (the number of wild turtles is negligible) Due to the high economic, medicinal and edible value of Yellow River turtles, artificial breeding has been widely carried out. By providing abundant bait, maintaining a suitable growth temperature so that the Yellow River turtle does not enter hibernation, as well as scientific and factory feeding, the reproduction rate and hatching rate of the Yellow River turtle have been greatly improved, and the larvae can weigh about 500 grams after more than a year of growth, so that the natural resources of the Yellow River turtle can be well protected and utilized.
I remember watching a movie about the big carp of the Yellow River a long time ago, now the fish in the Yellow River are rare, not to mention the big fish, before I only knew that there were "three yellow chickens", now I know that there are "three yellow turtles", then we will eat this turtle that is artificially farmed later. Well, the "Soul Turtle Soup" and turtle meat are delicious!
Tips ——
There are marginal plate turtles and marginal plate turtles in the turtle family, and the edge deck of this type of reptile has not disappeared in evolution, while other turtles and turtles have disappeared, leaving only this one kind of turtle with a marginal plate, forming a single species of naming and classification.
89. Burmese box turtle
Burmese box turtles are species of the genus Turtle in the family Turtle family. Also known as the Burmese edge turtle. It is mainly distributed in burmese box turtles in myanmar on the Irrawaddy and Nu rivers, in northeastern Thailand and in Yunnan Province in China.
The shell of the Burmese box turtle is olive brown to brown with some dark spots or reticulations. The head is olive to brown with distinct dark markings.
90. Indian turtle
Indian turtle is also a kind of edge plate turtle, alias: Indian edge plate turtle, Indian box turtle. The head is small and the soft snout is extremely short, less than half the diameter of the eye. (It's as black as the Philippine turtle)
The Indian turtle dorsal carapace is approximately oblong, leathery skin, no warts on the anterior and posterior margins, and a very short skirt.
The neck shield can be moved and closed with the anterior edge of the ventral carapace; the ventral carapace is flat, the leading edge is semi-circular, and there is a pair of fan-shaped fleshy leaves on the inside of the hind limb fossa, and when the hind limbs are retracted into the shell, the entire abdominal carapace can be closed with the dorsal carapace, somewhat similar to the abdominal carapace of the box turtle, so it is called the box turtle.
Picture of the ventral carapace of the marginal plate turtle
The Indian turtle has three claws on the inside of its limbs and a rich webbing of its fingers and toes. The tail is short , its whole body is olive in color , and the ventral carapace is creamy white or pale yellow. Habits: The edge plate turtle is happy and quiet and afraid of alarm. Same habits as turtles.
Indian turtles are found in Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh and Myanmar. There are also deserts in Rajasthan, but every year during the dry summer months are killed in large numbers.
There are two subspecies of indian turtles, the North Indian box turtle and the South Indian box turtle.
This marginal turtle was protected in 1975 at the request of Bangladesh under Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. But only the South Indian box turtle is listed, not the North Indian box turtle. Later studies found that there was no evidence that they were endangered. Some scholars believe that the South Indian box turtle and the North Indian box turtle are the same subspecies, both of which are the most common water turtles in India. They were later removed from endangered status, but remain protected by the Convention without impact.
The protection level of some rare animals stipulated in international wild protection can be changed in the country of origin, such as an animal is designated as a first-level protection in the country of origin, an international convention is a second-level protection, it can be implemented in accordance with the first-level protection of the country of origin, and the protection level of alien species in the country is implemented in accordance with the protection level of the international convention. (Generally the international level is higher than the domestic level)
91. Senegalese plate turtle
Features: Senegal rim plate turtle oval, adult ventral carapace 50 cm, somewhat domed and brown to dark olive-gray, with or without small, dark, mottled points of light and a border. Juvenile turtles have longitudinal rows of number of nodules and low-vertebral keel upper carapace, but adult carapaces are much smoother. All Senegalese plate turtle bones are covered with small granulation buds. The ventral carapace is white to creamy spots with several gray or brown spots.
It is found in Africa. Ranges from Sudan to the west through Cameroon to Gabon, Senegal and Ghana.
92. Malay turtle
Malay turtles: reptiles, turtles, turtles. The Malay turtle has a flattened , oval , dorsal carapace with distinctly straight edges. The head is particularly large, with a pig-like snout.
The Malay turtle carapace is covered by skin and is dark olive or brown, with 1 dark black central stripe and 2 or 3 pairs of black eye spots, which are clear in juveniles but fade as they grow. The ventral carapace is pale yellow or grey. The juvenile has a large reddish spot behind the eye, which disappears in adults. Adults grow hinged structures on their carapaces, presumably so that they can hide under large pebbles along the stream.
Life Habits:
As a species on the plateau, the Malay turtle inhabits clear rocky alpine streams. It bites very painfully so care must be taken when taking it. Its massive head is thought to be suitable for biting the shells of mollusks, such as snails, but little has been recorded about its biology.
Population distribution: The Malay turtle is found in southern Myanmar, south to Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, as well as in the Java Archipelago, Sumatra, Borneo and some islands in the Philippines.
(Thanks to Baidu pictures and materials)
Thank you for sharing! It's cold and the air is not good, so drink some "Soul Turtle Soup" to make up for it!