September 24 is the "autumn equinox" of the twenty-four solar terms, "the autumn equinox, the yin and yang are accompanied, so the day and night are equal and the cold and summer are flat". After the autumn equinox, the cooling is relatively fast, and the vast areas north of the Yangtze River Basin and its north of China have successively entered the autumn, and the average daily temperature has dropped below 22 °C. Cool breeze, clear blue sky, fragrant dangui, crab fat chrysanthemum, autumn equinox is a beautiful and pleasant season, but also a variety of garden plant diseases and insect pests suitable season, a variety of garden pests have entered the last generation of occurrence, ready to enter the wintering state. With the slowdown and cessation of the growth of a variety of garden plants, the occurrence of diseases is also increasing, and all units need to strengthen the prevention and control of garden plant diseases and insect pests in the autumn.
Focus of this issue
Insect infestation: Pear crown reticulated aphid aphid Rose three-leaf bee Boxwood silk leaf borer Allium orchid nocturnal moth
Disease: Kanemori Privet anthrax Maple leaf spot disease Chrysanthemum black spot disease
Pear-crested reticulated bugs Hemiptera Reticulatae
According to recent investigations, it was found that pear crown reticules are still harmful. The insect is harmful to the sap sucking on the back of the leaf by adult and nymphs, which can cause the front of the leaf to lose all green when it occurs severely, and the back is covered with black and brown excrement and the skin under the molt of the insect, while weakening the growth of the plant, leaving the leaves early, inducing coal pollution and affecting the landscape. High temperature drying and poor ventilation are conducive to the occurrence of the insect. After October, the adults stop feeding and begin to overwinter in the trees.
【Prevention and control methods】:
1. Artificial control: it can be tied to the trunk of the tree from October to November, luring the insects to overwinter, and waiting for the grass to be dismantled from late November to December to burn it centrally.
2. Chemical control: Spray 10% imidacloprid and 1.2% nicotinine 1000 times liquid can be used for control.
Aphids Hemiptera Aphididae
As the temperature decreases and the arrival of late autumn, the density of the aphid's insect population rises again, forming a small peak in autumn. Recent investigations have found that fire thorns and begonias occur more seriously. The monthly long-tube aphid overwinters after November as wingless parthenogenees and aphids. Willow black aphid, luan polymorphic hairy aphid, and purple violet long-spotted aphid produce sexual aphids in late October, and after maturity, they mate and lay eggs to overwinter. The New Breast Aphid in Hangzhou migrates back to the mother mosquito in November and December, produces sexual aphids, and mates and lays eggs for the winter. Units can control autumn aphids in a timely manner in October to reduce the population base of the following year.
【Prevention and control method】
1. Artificial control: cut off insect pest branches and leaves, sweep away fallen branches and leaves, and concentrate on destruction.
2. Spray 10% imidacloprid 1500 times liquid and 1.2% nicotinine 1000 times liquid for prevention and control.
Rose trilobites werechles
Trichophyllaceae
Recently, a rose trichophyllum wasp hazard was found on begonias. The insect mainly harms roses, moons, roses and other rosaceae plants. The larvae eat large amounts, eating day and night, and often eating the host leaves within a few days, leaving only the petiole or main vein. The incubated larvae are infested by crawling to the apex to feed on young leaves, and then gradually disperse to feed, and enter the binge eating period after 4 years. The peak period is from August to October, and the old mature larvae overwinter in cocoons at the end of November. Units can seize the critical control period in October and destroy wintering sites in November to reduce the insect population base.
1. Artificial management: remove the egged leaves during the spawning period of adult insects and destroy them centrally; young larvae are mostly clustered and can be artificially killed.
2. Chemical control: In the initial stage of occurrence, use 2.5% cypermethrin emulsion 2000 times liquid, or 1.2% bitter smoke emulsion 1000 times liquid spray control.
Boxwood leaf borer Lepidoptera Mothidae
Recent investigations have found that there are still yellow poplars on melon seeds and boxwoods. The insect is mainly larval harm, often spit silk conjugated with young branches and leaves to make a nest, eat leaf flesh, the affected leaves are scorched, and then cause the whole leaf to fall off, and in severe cases, the young branches and leaves can be yellow, which seriously affects the growth and ornamentation of the host plant. Overwintering larvae emerge in mid-September and enter the overwintering period in mid-to-late October, overwintering with old mature larvae spitting silk cocoons on the host plant. All units need to strengthen prevention and control in October.
1. Artificial control: artificial removal of insect cocoons.
2. Chemical control: You can choose to spray 25% urea No. 3 1000 times liquid, or matrine nicotine emulsion 1000 times liquid, or 2.5% cypermethrin 3000 times liquid spray control.
Allium nocturnal moth Lepidoptera Noctuidae
According to recent investigations, the occurrence of the onion orchid moth in some areas is serious. The hosts of the worm are allium orchid, stone garlic, vermilion red, Manjushri and so on. It mainly uses larvae to eat or drill moth leaves, peduncles, flowers, stems or bulbs, for a variety of pests, a large amount of food, can eat all the stems and leaves on the ground, seriously affecting the landscape. September to October is the third generation of larvae, and a small number of pupae are soiled in October. The fourth generation of larvae emerges from mid-November to December, pupating in the ground in early and mid-December. Conservation units can strengthen the control of the last larvae.
Chemical control: Spray control with 25% urea 3 1000 times liquid, or matrine nicotine emulsion 1000 times liquid, or 2.5% cypermethrin 3000 times liquid spray control.
Kanemori Privet anthrax
Anthrax is the new host of gumspore anthrax discovered in recent years. Pale yellow spots appear on the leaves at the beginning of the disease, and after expansion, they appear round, nearly round, semi-circular, irregular spots, dark brown; in the later stages of the disease, the center of the spots becomes grayish white, the edges are dark brown, and there is a yellow halo outside the spots. There are small black particles on the spots. The pathogen overwinters in the diseased area and on the diseased leaves.
1. Artificial control: clear the garden in the winter of pathogenic bacteria, remove diseased leaves, diseased dead branches, and burn them centrally.
2. Chemical control: 60% anthrax Fumei wettable powder 800 times liquid or 50% Fumei double wettable powder 500 times liquid can be sprayed for prevention and control.
Camphor anthrax
According to surveys in recent years, anthrax on camphor has occurred more seriously. The disease occurs mainly on the leaves of camphor. The spots are rounded, irregularly shaped after fusion, dark brown to black, and the young leaves are wrinkled and deformed. Pathogenic bacteria overwinter on diseased tissues and deciduous leaves with conidia, the appropriate temperature is 22 ~25 °C, and there are more diseases in spring, summer and autumn, and lighter onset in winter.
1. Cultivation management: in the early stage of disease, cut off the diseased branches, diseased leaves, and burn them centrally.
2. Chemical control: In the middle of the disease, you can choose to spray 75% Bacillus Qing 500 times liquid, or 50% anthrax Fumei wettable powder 500 times liquid spray prevention and control, spray 2 to 3 times a month.
Chrysanthemum black spot disease
Chrysanthemum black spot disease is an important disease of chrysanthemums, melon leaf chrysanthemums, calendula and other Asteraceae plants, mainly harmful to leaves. Small, faded green or purple-brown spots appear initially, and then gradually enlarge to round, oval, or irregular spots, brown or black-brown. In severe cases, the spots heal each other, and the entire leaf turns yellow in color and dries off. This disease can occur throughout the growing phase of chrysanthemums, with autumn chrysanthemums being the most severe. The temperature is 24 ~ 28 °C, rain is large, the air humidity is large, it is conducive to the development of the disease, and the planting is too dense or the density of the pot placement is large, the ventilation is poor, the continuous cropping or the old root retention and the chrysanthemums cultivated for many years are conducive to the occurrence of diseases.
1. Cultivation management: timely pruning of whole branches, removal and burning of diseased leaves and diseased plants.
2. Chemical control: You can choose to spray 5% carbendazim 500 times liquid, or 75% Bacillus Qing wettable powder 500 ~ 800 times liquid, or 50% methyl tolbuzin wettable powder 800 ~ 1000 times liquid. Spray every 7 to 10 days, 3 to 4 times continuously.
Other focus
In addition, during October, the newly hatched young larvae of Tianniu are still harmful in the phloem, which is easier to control and can refer to the information of previous diseases and insect pests for control. It is also necessary to pay attention to the occurrence of twill moths and prevent and control them in time.
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