Emblem architecture.
Huizhou, historical and geographical name, once set up a province of six counties, namely She County, Yi County, Xiuning, Qimen, Jixi, Wuyuan, the first four counties now belong to Huangshan City, Anhui Province, Jixi County is now part of Xuancheng City, Anhui Province, Wuyuan County is now part of Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province.
The "one province and six counties" pattern of the Qinghui prefecture capital. Cartography/Paprika
Some people say that the essence of ancient Huizhou lies in its ancient villages.
The reputation is outside such as Xidi and Hongcun, and the seclusion is low-key such as Chengkan and Xucun...
West Delivery.
Macro Village.
Tsukinuma, Hiromura.
What is even more evocative, however, is the past of those celebrities hidden in ancient villages.
Huizhou people attach importance to cultural education, and in the history of Huizhou, there have been 29 wenwu champions, more than 2100 jinshi and thousands of people.
In addition to cultural education, Huizhou people's achievements in commercial trade are also commendable, in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, a large number of Huizhou people chose to go out to do business, which gave birth to the Future and Chao Shang, Jin Merchants and known as the "Three Major Merchant Gangs", they were called "the first merchant gang in the world" by later generations because of the business ethics concept of "operating with Confucianism" and huge wealth.
These fish jumped the dragon gate, and the Huizhou people still care about their hometown after flying yellow and tengda, they returned to their hometown to set up schools, build deep house compounds and ancestral hall temples, build bridges and pave roads, set up archways, and bring back a lot of wealth and fresh culture to their poor hometowns.
Hongcun Nanhu Academy.
Yuliang Old Street. With a history of more than 1,200 years, the only way for Hui merchants to go out to do business is also the only way for government officials to go out.
These ancient villages in Huizhou seem to be little different, but many villages are one-surname villages, with different personalities under similar appearances, hiding different celebrity pasts.
Even a bridge, a torii, a pavilion, or even an ordinary old house are telling us the glory of the history of ancient Huizhou.
1. Xixi South - the holy land of the collection world
Xixi Nangu Village, built in the late Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a history of more than 1,000 years.
In Xixi South, the wu surname is the most famous, the Wu family engaged in salt industry in Yangzhou, opened a pawnshop in Jinling, after they made a fortune, transferred a large amount of wealth to Huizhou Xixi South, built ancestral halls, and built schools.
Carved map of Xixi South village during the Qianlong period. Photo courtesy of Zhang Jianping
Xixi South Old Street.
Human fireworks - Xixi South.
However, Xixi South is more famous for its rich collection, which is definitely a holy place in the collecting world.
Wang Xizhi's "Qing Ti when the Snow Is Fast", Yan Zhenqing's "Sacrifice Nephew Manuscript", Huang Sheng's "Sketching Rare Birds"... Most of the fine works collected by the Qing Dynasty's Great Interior have been collected by this ancient village, and their owners are Wu Ting and Wu Guoxun, the masters of Xixi Nanyu Qingzhai. Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, Chen Jiru, Dong Qichang, these people who have left a strong mark on the history of Chinese culture, are their regular customers, and what is even more amazing is that even the Huangshan Mountain, which is the crown of the Five Peaks, was once the Wujiajia Mountain.
2. Tang Mo and Tang Fan - models of Huizhou people
Tang Mo Tang Fan, starving to death willingly. This is a folk proverb from Huizhou, reflecting the respect of the Huizhou people for these two villages.
Tangmo Village, founded in the Tang Dynasty, is the source of the Surname Wang in Huizhou. Huizhou has a saying that "four sides and three sides of water, ten surnames and nine Wang families", Hu Shi once said: "If your surname is Wang, and you have achieved something, then there is no doubt that your ancestors should be Huizhou people." ”
Now Tangmo Village is a village with two surnames. The other surname is Xu. During the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, Xu Chengxuan and Xu Chengjia brothers were respectively admitted to the Jinshi, and were both hand-picked as Hanlin, and in recognition of the Xu family, Kangxi En allowed them to build the archway of "Compatriot Hanlin".
Tang Mo.
Huizhou Ancient Arch.
If tang mo's arch is named for its gold content, then Tang Fan's arch is named after its quantity.
To this day, there are still 7 well-preserved arches in Tangyu, and the 7 arches are arranged in the order of loyalty, filial piety, festival and righteousness, which were built in the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty respectively, which represent the "loyalty and filial piety" of the Tangju people.
3, Xu Village - out of the pirates also out of the emperor
Among the many ancient villages, XuCun is undoubtedly the most interesting village: there have been pirates and emperors here.
In the last years of the Ming Dynasty, the coastal areas were often invaded by the Wokou.
When it comes to Wokou, many people think that they are Japanese, but in fact, the four brothers of Xucun rebelled against the imperial court's prohibition of overseas trade, and they organized a maritime merchant group to hire Japanese ronin to kidnap imperial court officials and harass coastal residents. By the middle of Jiajing, the four Xu brothers were defeated.
On the Lantern Festival in 2014, a man surnamed Xu from The Dunmu Hall of Xu Village danced a large knife in front of the Village Grand View Pavilion to sacrifice his ancestors to pray for the safety of the New Year. Photography / Zhang Jianping.
After the four Xu brothers, Xu Cun produced another person that future generations did not want to mention: Xu Guo, who was rumored to be illegitimate between his mother and a tofu merchant, and later became the teacher of the Wanli Emperor.
XuCun, originally built in the Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, has lasted for more than 400 years.
Xu Village.
4, Long Chuan - the apex of the Hu surname in the world
In Huizhou, there is a well-known saying: when you have a son, you should be like Hu Zongxian, and you should learn from Hu Xueyan in business. He is both from the same Hu surname in Jixi County.
The former, Hu Zongxian, is a talented example for the people of Huizhou.
In the seventeenth year (1538) of Hu Zongxian Jiajing's examination, he began to embark on a career path and show his political talents. When he was serving as the county commander of Yidu County, the capital of Qingzhou, Shandong, he first organized the broad masses of the people to extinguish the plague of drought locusts that had not been encountered for many years, and then recruited local bandits in Yidu. Later, Hu Zongxian was sent forward to suppress the Wukou, on the one hand, he recruited and reused various outstanding talents, such as Yu Dayu, Qi Jiguang and other famous generals, of which the most accomplished was the Qi family army trained by Qi Jiguang, which later developed into the main force of the anti-Wu army. In the end, Hu Zongxian captured Wang Zhi and killed Xu Hai, and the two Zhejiang woes were temporarily quelled
Former residence of Hu Zongxian in Jixi County.
Longchuan Ming Dynasty Hu Clan Ancestral Hall was built in the Song Dynasty, and Hu Zongxian in the Ming Dynasty expanded. Photography / Zhang Jianping
The latter, Hu Xueyan, is a model of wealth for huizhou people.
Hu Xueyan's family was very poor when he was young, and he made a living by helping people herd cattle, and when he was 12 years old, his father died of illness. So 13-year-old Hu Xueyan began to go out alone. He started from the apprenticeship of Qianzhuang, with excellent business talents, used the official silver to organize private money houses in Shanghai, and later set up the "Fukang" money bank semicolon throughout the country, known as the "living god of wealth". In Hangzhou, he founded the "Huqing Yutang" Chinese Medicine Store, making "Avoiding Plague Dan", "Marching Scatter" and "Eight Treasure Dan" for the needs of the military and the people, and the pharmacy has been passed down to this day and won the reputation of "Jiangnan Medicine King".
In modern history, the continuation of this glorious force was the precursor of Hu Shi,the May Fourth Movement and the core of the vernacular movement.
5, Wan'an, Tunxi - the rise and fall are all due to business
Wan'an is one of the four famous towns in Huizhou.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Wan'an was an important land and water wharf and commercial port in Huizhou, forming a five-mile long street along the river, lined with shops on both sides and connecting eaves, and was once famous for its strong cultural atmosphere and rich commercial content. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic, there were still more than 140 shops and workshops operating along the street, and more than 50 kinds of industries. Later, Wan'an gradually declined.
Wan'an Pier Ferry. Photography / Zhang Jianping
Huishang's mansion hall house yixian Guanlu Yingxiang residence. Photography / Zhang Jianping
With the same fate as Wan'an is tunxi ancient town. The closest glory of Huizhou to the present day occurred in the ancient town of Tunxi.
In the 1930s, northern Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang fell in the war, Huizhou became the "big rear", politicians and businessmen rushed to move to Huizhou, and the population of Tunxi once surged to 200,000. The surge in population, quickly brought about the deformed prosperity of the market, many industries followed, large and small shops opened to 417, the street traffic is endless, people come and go, more than 60 industries "business prospers all over the world, the source of wealth is lush up to the three rivers", even the remote alleys are also scattered with inns and shops, live off a spectacular scene of "Qingming On the River Map", Tunxi is therefore known as "Little Shanghai".
Huangshan Tunxi Old Street
Unfortunately, with the intensification of the war, the prosperity of Tunxi has finally gradually dissipated, and today, the old street is still there, and the glory has been lost.
6, Wangchuan - small villages have big stories
In Jixi County, there is a small village that is easily overlooked, called Wangchuan Village. Here, there is a deep stream of the Republic of China.
When Hu Shi was 3 years old, his father died of illness, Hu Shi returned to Shangzhuang Jiashu with his mother to study, and later married Jiang Dongxiu, who was across the mountain from Shangzhuang, but at the wedding, Hu Shi met Cao Chengying, who was pulled to be the bride's bridesmaid at the wedding because she was the sister of Hu Shi's third sister-in-law. Among several bridesmaids, Cao Chengying's appearance is the most handsome, and her temperament is outstanding, which inevitably makes Hu Shiduo, who is being a groom, look at her a few times.
Later, Hu Shi went to Hangzhou to recuperate, and Cao Chengying officially entered Hu Shi's life through Wang Jingzhi. Later, for various reasons, the two eventually failed to come together.
After Cao Chengying's death, the villagers obeyed her wishes and buried her next to the road in Wangchuan, which was the only way to Go to Shangzhuang. She hoped that one day, when Hu Shi returned to his hometown, he could see him, and what kind of love was this.
Jixi County.
Nowadays, the villages of Huizhou are being profoundly changed, in the rolling river of time, how to protect and continue such a culture, and inherit the folk stories of ancient Huizhou, I am afraid that it is still the ultimate question that people in this land have to face, right?
- END -
Wen 丨 fourteen
Edited by Wu Yitao
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