1. All species of Sturgeon (except for some of which are first-class protected animals)
Sturgeon, Phylum Chordata, Rayfin fish. An ancient taxon that lived on Earth 200 million years ago in the late Cretaceous period. It is found in large rivers, brackish and freshwater lakes and seawater waters in the Northern Hemisphere. There are 27 species in 2 families and 6 genera in the extant Sturgeon family, and 2 genera in China. There are 8 species of sturgeon distributed in China, including the Shi's sturgeon and Dashi sturgeon distributed in Heilongjiang, the Siberian sturgeon and small sturgeon distributed in the Irtysh River in Xinjiang, and the naked-bellied sturgeon in the Yili River.
The body of the sturgeon is spindle-shaped, the abdomen is flattened, the cross-section of the trunk is pentagonal, and the front and back of the mouth are 4 snout whiskers, and the snout tip is long or flattened spoon-shaped; The caudal fin is crooked; the mouth is straight or crescent-shaped, located on the ventral surface of the head, which can be retracted and sucked; the anterior whiskers of the mouth are small; the eyes are small; the body color is generally dark gray or grayish yellow on the back, the lateral parts are yellowish or milky, and the juvenile body color is darker. It has a typical crooked tail.
Anthropocerating migratory or freshwater settler fish, healthy swim. Spawning in spring or autumn. Spawning grounds are mostly in the deep pools of rapid shoals with low water temperature, large flow rates and gravel substrates in the upper reaches of the river. Juveniles generally eat plankton; juveniles feed on benthic aquatic oligochaetes, aquatic insects, small fish, shrimp and molluscs; in the adult stage, they eat benthic dregs and fish. During the reproductive period, they often stop eating or consume very small amounts of food.
In recent years, many species of wild sturgeon have been on the verge of extinction due to overfishing, obstructed migration, deteriorating water quality, and reduced spawning habitats. (The picture below shows the Sturgeon)
2. Yellow-lipped fish
The Fujian-Cantonese people call it the money fierce fish, the big gull, the white flower, etc., and the Wenzhou people call it Huang Gan, which belongs to the genus of yellow-lipped fish in the family Totoabaidae of the order bony fish. Yellow-lipped fish is long, flattened, with a slender tail stalk, 1 to 1.5 meters long, and weighs up to 50 kg. It is distributed in the minnan fishery of the East China Sea and the fishery of the Pearl River Estuary in the north of the South China Sea, of which the Pearl River Estuary is a rich production area. The body is long, flattened laterally, and the tail stalk is slender. It is a rare, warm and temperate demersal fish species that inhabit offshore depths of 50-60 m, with juveniles inhabiting estuaries and their nearby shores. It is a carnivorous fish, feeding on small fish and large crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs, while juvenile fish feed on shrimp.
The yellow-lipped fish has a raised back, a broadly curved ventral margin, a slender tail stalk, a medium-sized head, a flattened lateral snout, a short and pointed snout, and a complete lateral line that extends almost to the end of the tail. The dorsal side of the body is brownish gray with a slight orangeish yellow, the ventral side is off-white with a slight yellowish tinge, and there is a black spot under the armpit of the pectoral fin; The ventral and fins are lightly colored, and the caudal fins are greyish black.
3. Matsue perch
Dufaceyidae, Matsue perch fish. The anterior part of the body is flattened, and the backward gradient is thinner and laterally flattened. The head is large, wide and flattened, and the spines and ridges are covered by skin membranes. The snout is broad and blunt, with a central rounded protrusion on the back. There are 2 nostrils on each side, with short tubular protrusions. The eye is small and superior lateral. Large mouth, anterior position. The gill cap has a longitudinal ridge. The gill holes are wide. The body is scaleless and the lateral line is straight. The head and body dorsals are yellowish brown, the abdomen is off-white, and there are dark stripes on the snout, under the eyes, between the eyes, and on the sides of the head. The sides of the body have 4 to 5 dark brown transverse spots. There is a dark band on the side of the kiss and a dark band under the eye. The front part of the first dorsal fin and the base of the caudal fin each have a dark spot, in addition to the white ventral fin, the back of the head, the upper body side and each fin have black spots, during the breeding season, the adult head side gill cover membrane has 2 orange-red oblique bands, like 4 pieces of gills exposed, so it is called "four gills".
There are slight differences in the appearance of the sexes: the male has a broad head, a rounded and blunt snout, and a darker body color, while the female has a narrow and long head, a slightly pointed snout, no urinary papillae, and a lighter body color.
The Songjiang perch is a warm and temperate bottom migratory fish in the coastal waters and rivers and lakes that communicate with the sea. It has the migratory habit of descending rivers, growing and fattening in fresh water, and breeding offshore in the estuary. It is a carnivorous and fierce fish that feeds on protozoa, rotifers, branches, copepods, aquatic insects, benthic animals, shrimps and fish.
It is found in China, the Philippines, the Korean Peninsula (west and south), and Japan (Fukuoka, Saga, and Ariake Bay on the northwest side of Kyushu Island). It is found in The Bohai, Yellow and East China Seas, zhoushan, Ningbo and Xiamen in the south, and the Liaohe estuary and yalu river in the north.
4. Seahorse fish
Seahorse genus of the sea dragon family, is a small fish, strange size, very different from the general fish, the shape of the head resembles a horse's head, the tip has 5 short spines, the head and the torso form a right angle, the surface of the body does not have the scales that most fish have, it is flattened, the outside is wrapped in a ring-shaped bone plate, and it looks like a war horse cloaked in armor, so it is called "seahorse fish".
It is the largest of the hippocampal fish, with a body length of 305–325 mm. The whole is pale yellow with some irregular white linear spots on the side of the body. The snout is slender and tubular. The eyes are smaller, located on either side of the head, higher positioned, with the two eyes closer together and the spacer between the eyes being smaller than the diameter of the eyes. The nostrils are small, with two on each side, very close to each other, and are located close to each other, close to the front of the eye. The mouth is small, located at the front of the head, with no teeth inside the mouth. The trunk is heptagonally prismatic and the abdomen is very protruding. The tail is quadrangular, slender and curled. From the tip of the head to the tip of the tail, there is a distinct ctenophoric spine.
It lives in very lush areas of offshore seaweed or coral reefs. When swimming, its head rises upwards, standing vertically in the water, relying on the fan movement of the dorsal and pectoral fins, rising and descending, and walking slowly. Sometimes it also bounces forward with the flexion and extension of the tail. When perched, it often rests on the stems and branches of seaweed, coral branches or floating objects in the sea, and feeds on small crustaceans such as hairy shrimp.
In China, it is mainly distributed in the East China Sea and the South China Sea, and has high medicinal and ornamental value.
5. Rouge
Cyprinidae, Cochinealidae, Genus Cochineal.
The body is 146 mm long, the body is oblong-oval on the side, the side is flattened, the dorsal fin is the highest at the starting point, the abdomen is wide and rounded, the ventral margin is straight, except for the head, the outer body is fully covered with scales, the scales are round, the scale center is located in the center, the ring is fine, and there are rare spokes backwards. The lateral line is linear, and the lateral center is located. The anterior part of the dorsal fin of small fish, the fin, the posterior end of the tail fin and the even fin are all reddish black, and the large fish is paler.
Cochineal is a large middle and lower freshwater fish. Cochineal fish are bottom-feeding fish, feeding mainly on benthic invertebrates and organic matter in the bottom mud, but also eat some higher plant fragments and algae. It is found in the Yangtze River and the Minjiang River in Fujian Province.
The juvenile and adult forms of the cochineal fish are different, and the ecological habits are also different. Usually needed habitats, fry and juvenile fish stage often like to live between the slow flow of gravel, mostly in the upper layer of the water body, swimming slowly, semi-grown fish are accustomed to inhabiting the middle and lower reaches of lakes and rivers, the middle and lower layers of the water body, slow activity, adult fish mostly live in the upper reaches of the river, the middle and lower layers of the water body, the movement is healthy.
6. Tang fish
Also known as "golden fir", cyprinid, cyprinid, endemic to China.
Tang fish are small, long and flattened. The abdomen is round and unobtrusive. The snout is short and rounded. Small mouth, sub-superior. The mouth is slanted, the lower jaw is prominent, there is no tumor-like process at the front end, and there is no missing mark in the upper jaw. Without. The eyes are large and lateral. The head length behind the eyes is significantly longer than the length of the snout. The body is rounded with scales and no lateral lines. The caudal fin is forked and slightly pointed at the end. The hypopharyngeal bone is curved and narrow. The pharyngeal teeth are slender and slightly hooked at the ends. Gill rakers are short and sparse. The bladder has 2 chambers, and the back chamber is longer than the front chamber. The peritoneum is grayish white.
The body band is olive-green , with golden yellow longitudinal stripes on the central axis and several black stripes on the upper part. The caudal base has large red round spots. There are still some colors on the body, but the body color often changes with the changes in environmental conditions, and the golden longitudinal band on the side of the body remains unchanged.
Goldfish mostly inhabit the watery environment of clear streams in mountainous areas. Sexually active. Although it is a group living in the south, it is still hardy and can still live normally when the water temperature drops to 5 ° C. Omnivorous small fish that feed mainly on zooplankton and humus.
7. Bighead carp
Cyprinids, Cyprinididae, Cyprinidae. The body shape of the big head carp is very similar to that of the carp, but the head is wider and the body shape is similar to that of a carp, so it is named "big head carp".
Shaped like a carp, the head is large and wide, the head length is higher than the body or the base of the dorsal fin is long, and the body length is 40 cm. No beard, or 1 pair of tiny whiskers in the corners of the mouth. The body is bluish grey , the abdomen is silvery white , the even fins and caudal fins are pale yellow , and the lower lobes of the caudal fin are red. The tail stalk is slender. Endemic to China, it is only distributed in Yunnan Xingyun Lake and Qilu Lake.
Prefer to live in the water depth and the water quality is clearer in the middle and upper layers, poor tolerance to harsh environments, if the water quality is turbid or leave the water body is easy to die. Sexually active, swim quickly. The diet is relatively single, and the diet of individuals of different sizes is not large, almost all of them feed on the branches and copepods of large zooplankton; sometimes they also eat diatoms, filamentous algae and tortoise beetles, etc., but the number is very small.
8. Money catfish
Cyprinids, Cyprinididae, genus Goldenrod. For China's endemic species, almost all kinds of habitat reproduction are inseparable from the cave environment. It is commonly found in lakes in eastern Yunnan, with Yangzonghai and Dianchi Lake being the most common.
It mostly lives in still water lakes with relatively open water surfaces, usually scattered in the outlet of the lake or deeper in the water, and the reproductive season is concentrated in the shallow water area of the lake or the lake outlet, where there is spring water cavern to lay eggs and hatch.
9. Dali split-bellied fish
The genus Schizothorax of the subfamily Schizothorax of the family Cyprinididae is endemic to China and is distributed in the Erhai Sea and its affiliated water systems in Yunnan.
The body is slender and slightly flattened laterally. The head is small and slightly tapered. The kiss is slightly pointed. The mouth is at the end, and the mouth is deep and oblique, and it is horseshoe-shaped. The upper and lower jaws are about equal length, the inner part of the lower jaw is slightly, and does not form a sharp anterior margin; the lower lip is thin and narrow, divided into left and right leaves, the surface is smooth without papilloma, and the posterior labial groove is interrupted. It must be 2 pairs, very tiny, and the end of the mouth must be close to or slightly beyond the vertical bottom of the front edge of the eye. Big eyes. The body is scaled and arranged in an untidy manner. The rump scales are very large. From the back of the isthmus to the chest and abdomen bare and scaleless. The lateral line is complete and nearly straight.
The back of the body is light brown or yellowish brown, the abdomen is grayish white or slightly yellowish; the female is particularly swollen and reddish at the anus during the reproductive period, and the fin is long and hypertrophied; and the male has a well-developed pearl star in the snout.
Species adapted to living in still water environments, active in the upper and middle layers of open water areas in the lake. Foraging in still water, ingesting animal food, mainly zooplankton, especially the most eccornous, followed by copepods and insects, as well as a small number of insect larvae, insect eggs, and occasionally eating green algae and filamentous algae.
10. Flower eel
Eels, eels.
The eel is shaped like an eel, with a long body, a thick cylindrical front and a flattened tail. The head is conical and has a shorter spacing between the dorsal and fins. The kiss is flattened. The corners of the mouth exceed the posterior edge of the eye. The lower jaw is slightly protruding, with no teeth in the center; the front of the two jaws is densely toothed, and the lateral teeth are lined up. The lip folds are wide and thick. The gill holes are small. The scales are small, arranged in a mat-shaped group of scales, which cross each other vertically and are buried under the skin. The lateral line is complete, and the lateral line hole is obvious. The odd fins are interconnected; the dorsal fins are low and long, and the starting point is closer to the gill hole than to the anus. The pectoral fin is rounded. No ventral fins. The dorsal and fins of the body are covered with tan spots, and the gaps between the body spots and the edges of the pectoral fins are yellow. The ventral side is white or blue-grey, and the posterior edges of the dorsal and fins are black.
It is one of the migratory fish species in the typical descending river. It grows in estuaries, swamps, streams, lakes, reservoirs, etc. Fierce in temperament, strong and powerful. Lurking in caves and rock crevices during the day, he goes out at night to prey on fish, shrimp, crabs, frogs and other small animals, as well as the carcasses of large animals that fall into the water. It can forage for food in wet meadows outside the water and in bamboo forests and bushes after rain. Its foraging areas are found in the Philippines up to the sea in the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans, north to southern Korea and Kishu in Japan, west to East Africa, east to the Maguis Islands in the South Pacific, and south to southern Australia. In China, it is distributed in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and south of the Qiantang River, Lingjiang River, Oujiang River, Minjiang River, JiulongJiang River, Taiwan to Guangdong, Hainan Island and Guangxi.
11. Sichuan-Shaanxi Zheluo salmon
Salmonids, Salmonidae.
In China, it is mainly distributed in Sichuan and Shaanxi in the west and Heilongjiang in the northeast. It is mainly distributed in the upper reaches of the Han River in Taibai and Liuba in Shaanxi, the Malke River in Banma, Qinghai, the upper reaches of the Min River and the upper reaches of the Dadu River in northwestern Sichuan, and the Heilongjiang River in the northeast.
Carnivorous fish, etc., are similar to those of fine-scaled salmon, and like to prey on large aquatic insects, fish, amphibians, water birds and aquatic animals, among which fish include homogeneous split-bellied fish, double-mouth split-bellied fish, horse-mouth fish and so on.
12. Qinling fine scale salmon
It belongs to the fish family, salmonids, salmonids, and salmon. It is endemic to China and is only distributed in the upper reaches of the Wei River and its tributaries and the upper reaches of the Xiangshui River and the Meridian River, the northern tributaries of the Han River. It is a rare land-sealed cold-water fish of the salmon family.
Carnivorous fish, juvenile fish mainly feed on aquatic invertebrates, adult fish in addition to feeding on fish, but also eat terrestrial insects blown down by the wind. Feeding time is mostly concentrated around morning and evening, and feeding activities are frequent on cloudy days and can be seen throughout the day.
bibliography:
Zeng Qingkai, Du Hejun, Yang Jing. Research status and progress of chromosomes in sturgeon fish[J]. Fisheries Science, 2019, Vol. 38(5):734-740.
HU Shuhui. Ancient and rare sturgeon[J]. Teaching Biology, 2014, (7):5-8.
[3] Fang Yingchun, Xing Cai, Tian Chun, Song Gang, Li Shengnan, Liu Xia, Chen Kun - China Ornamental Fish, 2005.001
Source: Aquatic Animal Health Assessment