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The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

author:Play phoenix under the plane tree

Sun Yat-sen's burial in Nanjing and the capital of the Republic of China

This article is written by Ni Fangliu

Sun Yat-sen died of illness in Beijing and was eventually buried in Nanjing.

Geographically speaking, the mountains around Beijing stretch and there are many treasure caves, while Nanjing is connected to the river, the situation is limited, and the pattern is not large. Obviously, from the traditional "dragon vein", Nanjing is definitely not as good as Beijing.

However, Sun Yat-sen's last words were buried in Nanjing.

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge

This incident is recorded: at 9:30 a.m. on March 12, 1925, Sun Yat-sen died at the Beiping Tieshi Hutong Pavilion.

When Sun Yat-sen was dying of illness, Song Qingling, Sun Ke, Wang Jingwei, He Xiangning, and others were in the corner of the sickbed to discuss his aftermath. When Wang Jingwei said that Sun Yat-sen would be buried in Jingshan, Beijing after his death, Sun Yat-sen, who had passed out, suddenly woke up and said, "No, no, I want to be buried in the Purple Mountain." ”

Sun Yat-sen insisted on being buried in Nanjing, and the mainstream view was that Sun Yat-sen took office in Nanjing as the provisional president of the Republic of China, the first constitutional democratic government in the history of the Chinese nation, and Nanjing was sun yat-sen's blessed land.

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

A large portrait of Sun Yat-sen was unveiled at Tiananmen Square in Beijing

In fact, this statement is only one of the reasons why Sun Yat-sen asked to be buried in Nanjing, and the real hidden feeling is to follow Zhu Yuanzhang, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty!

At the beginning of Sun Yat-sen's revolution, he took Zhu Yuanzhang as an example.

He especially admired Zhu Yuanzhang and inherited Zhu Yuanzhang's revolutionary slogan of "restoring China". On this basis, Sun Yat-sen put forward higher revolutionary requirements and put forward the slogan of "Three People's Principles".

Therefore, Sun Yat-sen always believed that his cause was more revolutionary and noble than Zhu Yuanzhang and Hong Xiuquan- "The revolution of the previous generation was a heroic revolution, and today it is a national revolution." ”

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

Sun Yat-sen inkblot

With the efforts of a group of like-minded revolutionary comrades, the revolution led by Sun Yat-sen succeeded and overthrew the Manchu Qing Dynasty.

On December 29, 1911, Sun Yat-sen was elected Provisional President of the Republic of China.

On January 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as provisional president of the Republic of China in Nanjing.

Just over a month after taking office, Sun Yat-sen resigned as interim president.

On February 13, 1912, Sun Yat-sen resigned from the Provisional Senate and recommended Yuan Shikai as a candidate for president. Yuan Shikai took office in Beijing on March 10.

On April 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen was officially dismissed in Nanjing.

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

Sun Yat-sen took a photo with the delegates after being elected provisional president of the Republic of China

In the past, it was believed that Sun Yat-sen's move was forced by the compromise of Yuan Shikai's forces and revolutionaries in the north, which was an objective fact, but Sun Yat-sen believed that to fight the world did not necessarily mean that he would do the same as Zhu Yuanzhang, and that under the situation at that time, letting Yuan Shikai be the The President of the Republic of China was more conducive to the country and the nation, which was both a revolutionary goal and a revolutionary realm!

Having said that, Sun Yat-sen, who resigned as interim president, was very disappointed.

On April 1, 1912, the day of his official dismissal, Sun Yat-sen first expressed his wish to be buried in Nanjing after his death.

On this day, Sun Yat-sen got up very early.

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

Provisional President Sun Yat-sen took a photo in front of his office

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

The current situation of the place where Sun Yat-sen took pictures

After getting up, Sun Yat-sen met people and said, From today on I am a free citizen. After breakfast, Sun Yat-sen ordered the guards to prepare a few horses and go hunting in the eastern suburbs.

Sun Yat-sen, accompanied by Hu Hanmin, an elder of the Kuomintang and former chairman of the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee, and others, went out of the Chaoyang Gate and went straight to the Ming Tomb.

On that day, purple mountain was bright in spring and the scenery was breathtaking.

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

Nanjing Purple Mountain, location of Ming Xiao Mausoleum

Coming to a place called the Mid-Levels Temple, Sun Yat-sen stopped and stood. Only to see that here is saddled with green mountains, in front of the Pingchuan River, the momentum is very majestic. Looking south, you can see the Qinhuai River closely, like a jade belt tied to the waist of Jinling City; the Fang Mountain more than a dozen miles away is faintly visible, like a group of courtiers coming to the court.

Sun Yat-sen immediately said to Hu Hanmin (the character "ZhanTang") and a group of retinues on his side: "Zhan Tang, and you all look at it, this terrain is even better than the Dulongfu of the Ming Xiaoling Tombs, there are photos in front, there are leanings in the back, there are mountains and water, and the momentum is majestic, I really don't understand why Ming Taizu did not choose this place back then." ”

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

Nanjing Purple Mountain

Hu Hanmin said: "Sir is right, this place is indeed better than the Ming Xiaoling Tomb, take feng shui, called the front has a photo, the back has a leaning, there is sand around the left and right, surrounded by the Qinhuai River, it is really a good cemetery." ”

Hu Hanmin knew that Sun Yat-sen intended to bury this idea, and then said, "This is big feng shui, and Ming Xiaoling is small feng shui!" ”

Sure enough, Sun Yat-sen smiled at Hu Hanmin and said, "I will be buried here after I die, that would be great!" ”

Sun Hu's dialogue was later recorded by Sun Yat-sen's son Sun Ke, and this is the earliest record of Sun Yat-sen's desire to be buried in Nanjing after his death.

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

Nanjing Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Monument Pavilion

Later, Sun Yat-sen also said openly: "After I die on the day of his death, I am willing to beg the people for this piece of soil to place the shell." ”

Sun Yat-sen came to the Purple Mountain on the eastern outskirts of Nanjing many times before his death.

As early as February 15, 1912, the third day after the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi, announced his abdication, Sun Yat-sen personally led the civil and military officials of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China to the Purple Mountain to visit the Ming Tomb.

When paying tribute to Zhu Yuanzhang, Sun Yat-sen read out the "Sacrifice to the Ming Taizu Text", calling Zhu Yuanzhang "My High Emperor".

The four words "I am Emperor Gao" reveal the traces of Sun Yat-sen's following zhu Yuanzhang.

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

Ming Xiaoling Shinto

In addition to following Zhu Yuanzhang, Sun Yat-sen's Feng Shui in Nanjing is also undeniable.

The capital of the Republic of China, Nanjing, was advocated by Sun Yat-sen.

At that time, most of the elderly who participated in the selection of the capital did not agree to the capital nanjing. Why? Of course, the reason is not single, but it is also related to the "short life" of the dynasties that built the capital Nanjing in history, and everyone has a shadow in their hearts.

The first dynasty to have its capital in Nanjing was the State of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period, which was suggested by Zhuge Liang, the chancellor of the Shu Kingdom, who told Emperor Wu Sun Quan that Nanjing was "the residence of the emperor".

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

Nanjing Confucius Temple in front of the Qinhuai River

At that time, Sun Quan was full of ambition, and came to the Dingdu of Nanjing, which was called Moling, and changed his name to "Jianye", which means to build a career here.

After Sun Quan made the capital Nanjing, only half a century later, Sun Wu let Sima Xijin be destroyed.

Even stranger, the subsequent dynasties were also almost all short-lived dynasties. Except for the Ming Dynasty, which moved its capital to Beijing and existed for nearly 277 years, the longest is the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which existed for 104 years (317 AD - 420 AD).

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

The Southern Dynasty vanished, leaving only the tomb stone carvings (in the territory of Danyang, Jiangsu)

Others -

Southern Song Dynasty: 60 years (420 AD – 479 AD)

Southern Qi: 24 years (479 AD – 502 AD)

Southern Liang: 56 (502–557 CE)

Southern Dynasty Chen: 33 years (557 AD – 589 AD)

Southern Tang Dynasty: 39 years (937 AD – 975 AD)

Taiping Heavenly Kingdom: 14 years (1853-1864 AD)

This "short-lived phenomenon" has aroused people's suspicions and criticisms of the feng shui of the imperial capital of Nanjing. Therefore, when Sun Yat-sen wanted to make the capital of the Republic of China Nanjing, serious differences arose.

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

Former site of the meeting of the Republic of China government (in the "Presidential Palace" in nanjing)

On February 14, 1912, the Provisional Senate convened a meeting to consider the establishment of the capital. The meeting adopts the method of voting to decide where the capital is located. The result of the vote surprised Sun Yat-sen, who loved Nanjing:

Beijing: 20 votes; Nanjing: 5 votes; Wuchang: 2 votes; Tianjin: 1 vote.

The implication is obvious, and everyone wants to have the capital in Beijing.

To this end, Sun Yat-sen was very annoyed and decided to vote again the next day - Nanjing must be chosen.

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing

Huang Xing cooperated with Sun Yat-sen and even threatened the senators with words: "Tomorrow if you do not act according to Your Husband's wishes, I will immediately send gendarmes to tie up the deputies!" ”

Under duress, the 27 senators present at the meeting had to change their attitudes, and the final vote was:

Nanjing: 19 votes, Beijing: 6 votes, Wuchang: 2 votes.

The government of the Republic of China decided to approve the reconsideration of Nanjing, which was the capital.

However, the Republic of China, which has its capital in Nanjing, cannot escape the curse of short-lived life, and only 38 years remain on the mainland (after 1912-1949 AD), of course, this is the last word.

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

Nanjing "Presidential Palace"

Why sun Yat-sen is optimistic about Nanjing, he said——

"Nanjing has mountains, plains, deep water, three kinds of heavenly works, Zhong Yu, one metropolis in the world, it is difficult to find such a good place."

Feng Shui, which favors and loves Nanjing so much, wants to be buried in Nanjing after death, and it is naturally easy to understand.

However, sun Yat-sen specifically wanted to be buried in the location of the Purple Mountain, because on April 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen and Hu Hanmin went hunting together on the Purple Mountain and failed to leave a mark, and no one took it seriously, so after Sun Yat-sen's death, the location of the mausoleum became a problem.

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Shrine, behind the hall is a tomb where coffins are placed

According to the "History of Sun Yat-sen Cemetery" (November 1989 edition, Nanjing Publishing House) compiled by the Nanjing Municipal Committee of The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference on Literature and History, in accordance with Sun Yat-sen's will to be buried in Nanjing Purple Mountain, before the establishment of the Funeral Preparatory Committee, the Beijing Funeral Office had already sent Lin Sen, who was later the chairman of the Republic of China government, to Nanjing to investigate the burial site.

After returning to Beijing, Lin Sen reported to the funeral office, and the representative of the funeral office contacted the government of Duan Qirui at that time.

After the establishment of the Sun Yat-sen Funeral Preparatory Office, the family members and representatives of the Funeral Preparatory Office, Lin Huanting, Ye Chuling and others, first went to Nanjing to investigate the tomb site and determine the order of work.

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

The location of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum

On the morning of April 21, 1925, Song Qingling, Sun Ke and others arrived in Ningbo from Shanghai, attended the memorial meeting of Sun Yat-sen from all walks of life in Nanjing in the morning, and went to the Purple Mountain in the afternoon.

In the end, the site of the mausoleum was chosen on the east side of Zhu Yuanzhang's mausoleum - the popular "upper position", that is, the location of the current Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, which broke ground and created the tomb of the prime minister.

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

Ming Xiaoling Ming Lou, behind the building is the treasure city where the coffin is buried

It is worth mentioning that later Chiang Kai-shek chose his own cemetery on the west side of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and the east side of Zhu Yuanzhang's mausoleum, that is, the location of the Zhengqi Pavilion that everyone sees now, which means "a little lower than Sun Yat-sen, but a little higher than Zhu Yuanzhang." Later, due to the defeat and retreat of Taiwan, Jiang Ling has not been built.

In the process of site selection of The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, there are many interesting things, and in the future, in the headline of "Playing Phoenix Under the Plane Tree", I will continue to chat with netizens.

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

The white jade statue of Sun Yat-sen in the sun yat-sen mausoleum shrine

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

Sun Yat-sen's tombstone in the Pavilion of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum

The capital of the Republic of China, 20 of the 28 votes in the first round of Beijing: Sun Yat-sen advocated the hidden plot behind Nanjing

Inside the tomb, the white jade statue of Sun Yat-sen is buried deeply underneath

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