First of all, we need to know that "Don Dong Da" is two poems:
"Don Don't Dong Dai 2Nd Son" Don Gao Shi
Thousands of miles of yellow clouds and daylight, the north wind blows geese and snow.
Don't worry about the road ahead and don't know yourself, who in the world doesn't know the king?
Liu Fei was self-pitying and self-pitying, and left Jingluo for more than ten years.
The husband should be poor and unworthy, and today they have no money for alcohol.
Many people are only familiar with the first song, because "Don't worry about the road ahead and don't know yourself, who in the world doesn't know the king" is a famous sentence throughout the ages. In fact, these two sentences have long jumped out of the works of Gao Shi and exist independently, full of the vastness of the world, I walk alone, vowing to shake the heroism of the world.
However, if you want to understand the meaning of the original poem, you can only remove the meaning and emotion added by the literati of later generations, and return the verses to the work, in order to correctly understand the poetry of Gao Shi.
"Dong Da" is Dong Tinglan, because of the eldest in the family, so called "Dong Da", Tang people like to be commensurate with the ranking. He was a famous pianist in the Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods of the Tang Dynasty, a native of Longxi, who compiled and edited "Big Hu Di" and "Little Hu Di".
During the Tianbao years, Gao Shi was unsatisfactory, wandering everywhere, often in a poor situation. After traveling with Li Bai and Du Fu to Liang and Song, he did not continue to travel far, and temporarily settled down in Song Prefecture, farming and reading, waiting for the opportunity.
In the spring of the sixth year of Tianbao, the official Shangshu Fang zhen was demoted from the dynasty, and the doorman Dong Tinglan also left Chang'an. In the winter of that year, Gao Shi and Dong Tinglan met in Suiyang and wrote "The Second Song of Don Dong University".
Judging from the order of writing, the second song is more like the works in the previous ones. The two of them knew each other in the past, but they were each sloppy and broken, wanting to share a good glass of wine, but they couldn't pay for it, and their embarrassed looks overflowed with words. But daring to enter the poem with this also proves that Gao Shi is open-minded, indifferent to the embarrassing situation and full of confidence in the future.
In terms of format, this is a song that rhymes with the "one first" part of the flat water rhyme. "Six, 翮" are all in-sound words, and they make a slang sound. Among them, the third sentence of "poor and lowly should not be enough" of the "not" word out of the law, the fourth sentence of "meet without wine money" of the word "none" made a rescue.
"Liu Fei was self-pitying and self-pitying, and left Jingluo for more than ten years."
"Liù hé" is the positive feather in the wings of birds, which refers to the two wings of the bird. "Fluttering", light and free.
I was like a bird, running around fruitlessly and only hurting myself, leaving Kyoluo for more than ten years.
"The husband should be poor and lowly, and there is no wine money for today's meeting."
As a great husband, who would be willing to live in poverty? Today's reunion is empty, but two bags are empty, and I can't pay for alcohol.
Sheng Tang is absolutely sentenced, clear as words, nothing difficult to understand. The key is the soaring ambition that surges out of the poem, which we call the Sheng Tang meteorology.
This poem writes about the situation of two people reuniting in a different place but having no money to sell wine, although there is the word "private pity", but it does not feel at all that the poet is short-sighted because of lack of money: "The husband should not be poor enough", even if what "meet without wine money"?
Ambition over the means of subsistence is faintly highlighted.
The next song is a parting speech, and the feelings of looking at the world are even more magnificent and gushing out.
In terms of format, this is a song that rhymes with the seven absolutes of the "Twelve Texts" section of the Flat Water Rhyme, and the rules are rigorous.
"Thousands of miles of yellow clouds and daylight, the north wind blows geese and snow."
"Dawn", sunset afterglow, dim. This sentence is a description of the scene at the time of farewell.
The open atmosphere and the cold and magnificent scenery are all related to parting (thousands of miles of yellow clouds, the north wind blowing geese), but Gao Shi is not immersed in sadness, but through transcendent temperament and endowment, take the vastness of the realm, give up the cold and miserable of the wind and snow, use reason to control feelings, choose scenes with affection, and write out an impassioned grandeur.
Yellow clouds cover the sky and stretch for thousands of miles, and only a little afterglow remains in the daylight. After nightfall, the north wind blew again, and the wind whistled, accompanied by flakes.
"Don't worry about the road ahead and don't know yourself, who in the world doesn't know the king?"
Don't worry that there will be no confidants in the road ahead, with your excellency's high talent, how many people in the world do not know you?
As famous sentences throughout the ages, these two sentences play an extremely important role in this poem. When we talk about the absolute sentence, we have used this work as an example to illustrate how the seven absolutes use a specific grammar to highlight the role of the third sentence "turn" and the fourth sentence "put".
The three or four sentences of the general sentence will take a "hypothesis", "qualification", "question", "rhetorical question", "negation" method to highlight the main point.
Although it is a word of encouragement to Dong Tinglan here, the poet uses two qualifying methods of "denial" and "rhetorical questioning" at the same time, strengthening the tone and poetic turn, and then disseminating the poetry through the form of "rhetorical questioning and self-answering", instantly opening the realm of the whole poem.
Everyone in the world knows the king, or is he afraid of the road ahead and ignorance of himself?
Dong Tinglan was expelled for Fang Zhen, and he and Fang Zhen knew each other very well. Cui Jue once wrote a poem praising the two of them:
A violinist at the banquet
Five tones on the seven strings are cold, and this art has been difficult since ancient times.
Only Henan Fang Ci Law has always pitied Dong Tinglan.
Fang Cilu is Fang Zhen, and Cui Jue writes that Dong Tinglan met the confidant of the official High-ranking Prominent, and the poetry is narrow.
Dong Tinglan and Gao Shi met, touched the scene, lamented that the road ahead was vast, and Zhiyin was difficult to meet again.
Gao Shi's sentence "Mo worries about the road ahead is ignorant of himself, and no one in the world knows the king" as an answer, not only closely related to dong Tinglan's identity as a well-known violinist in the world, but also incorporated the meaning of life's confidant without poverty and friends everywhere in the end of the world, and the poetry was far more broad and profound than Cui Jue's few sentences.
The work of the two of them is the work of the two people, and they see each other from above and below.
Two years after the Great Emperor of Beidong, Gao Shi was used by the imperial court, and later joined the troops of Ge Shuhan, and rose step by step in the Anshi Rebellion, becoming the only poet in history to be knighted with military merit.