April
25 days
week
Six
Reading history is eye-opening, and reading history is wise. Today, Sanya released the "Night Reading History" column for everyone to push is - "Since ancient Qiong Yao called this island".
Hainan is referred to as "Qiong", and this "Qiong" character comes from the historical Qiongshan County, and the name of Qiongshan County is derived from a small mountain called "Qiongshan". The "Chronicle of Qiongshan County" records: "Because there is a mountain called Qiongshan in the white stone in the territory, the earth stone is white and moist as jade, so the name of the mountain is the name of the county." Since then, the name of Hainan has formed an indissoluble relationship with the word "Qiong", known as Qiongzhou, Qiongtai, Qiongya, Qiongyao, and Qiongdao.
The number of examples of the association of the word "Qiong" with the name of the administrative establishment has been numerous from ancient times to the present. Such as Qiongzhou Capital, Qiongya Road, Qiongzhou Xuegong, etc., abound; from Qiongshan, Qiongzhou, to Qiongdong, Qiongzhong, Qionghai, and Qiongnan, Qiongbei, Qiongxi, etc., countless; Hainan cooking dishes are called "Qiongcai", and mooncakes are called "Qiong-style mooncakes". The current road names and bridge names include "Qiongshan Avenue" and "Qiongzhou Bridge".
Overlooking White Rock Mountain in the distance.
1 "The First Mountain of Zhuya" in Qiu Mao's poem
More than 500 years ago, when he was young, Qiu Mao, a great talent of the Ming Dynasty in Hainan, wrote a poem entitled "Qiongshan": "Three thousand miles around the sea, the first mountain in Zhuya." Famous all over the world, show out between the ten thousand peaks. Under the moon, Sen Yao Jane, before the wind vibrates the ring. Lonely and moist, wax sands are not allowed to climb. In his poem, Qiu Mao refers to "Qiongshan Mountain" as "the first mountain of Zhuya", which shows that the origin of "Qiongshan Mountain" is extraordinary.
In many ancient maps of Hainan, this low "Qiongshan" is marked in a prominent position. For example, the map of Qiongshan County in Zhengde's "Qiongtai Zhi" not only marks the geographical location of "Qiongshan", but also marks the Baishi Village located under "Qiongshan"; the "New Map of Qiongya Administrative District" printed in October 1950 is the first map of administrative region issued after the liberation of Hainan Island, and also specifically marks the geographical location of "Qiongshan". And all this is due to the fact that "Qiongshan" is the birthplace of the hainan "Qiong" series of names, and also because of various records in ancient books.
Haikou City, Qiongshan District, Jiazi Town, Baishi Mountain shaped like a monkey white stone.
In the early 1960s, when Guo Moruo came to Hainan to inspect, he wrote a poem entitled "Ode to Hainan Island", praising the vibrant Hainan Island with the verse "Since ancient Qiong Yao called this island, Zhuya after all occupied the spring first". "Qiong Yao" refers to meiyu, calling Hainan Island "Qiong Yao", which first comes from the southern Song Dynasty Wang Xiangzhi's compilation of the "Youdi Jisheng" record of "Qiongshan Mountain": "The Book of Figures Yun: Qiongzhi Takes The Meaning, There are Qiongshan and Baishi Villages in Fenghua Township, Gaiqiongshan County, and the soil and stones are white, like jade and run. The seed potato is particularly beautiful on it, and the betel nut produced is particularly delicious. Meaning its stone is like Qiong Yao's ear. ”
2 The legend of "Qiongshan Mountain" in the county chronicle
According to legend, in the early Tang Dynasty, the current Qiongshan Mountains belonged to Shecheng County. One day, the civil and military officials of Shecheng rode to the south of the city on an outing to a beautiful mountain. The mountain is covered with white and lubricated white stones, and there are many strangely shaped trees. The rocky springs at the foot of the mountain trickle, the farmland is flat, and the blue waves are rippling, presenting a beautiful picture of natural scenery. Seeing this situation, the civil and military officials dismounted from their horses to climb the mountain, the civilian officials sang poems on the spot, and the military attaches hunted through the mountains.
They walked through the winding mountain road to a small mountain village, the village houses are all built of white stone, the daily utensils such as stone tables, stone chairs, stone beds and other daily utensils in the house are made of white stone, white as jade, and the village name is "White Stone Village". The peasant households in the village are skillful, industrious and simple, and they have carved various living utensils from the stone of Benshan mountain to sell, and live a life without worrying about food and clothing. When the civil and military officials entered the village, they were fascinated by the scenery one by one and lingered.
In the first year of Zhenguan (627), the old system was abolished and a new county was established. The serving civil and military officials remembered the adventures of the outing of Baishi Mountain the year before, so they proposed to take the meaning of the white stone of Baishi Mountain in the south of the city and name it "Qiongshan". This suggestion was quickly adopted, and the newly built county was named "Qiongshan County", and the name of Qiongshan County began from then on.
The stone on The White Rock Mountain is as clean as jade.
Interestingly, since the name "Qiongshan", this hill covered with clean white stones has been inextricably linked to the administration, place names, personal names, business names and cultural customs of the entire Hainan Island for more than 1300 years. The name "Qiongzhou" comes from "Qiongshan", and "Qiongtai" evolved from Qiongzhou. According to the "Fang YuSheng", "Qiongshan mountain is in this county, there are qiongshan and baiyu two villages, and their stones are white, like jade and run. The state is named after this mountain. ”
In the fifth year of Zhenguan (631), the Tang court juxtaposed the five counties of Qiongshan, Wan'an, and Linji as a prefecture, and established a prefecture to govern the old prefecture of Qiongshan. As a result, the name of the prefecture was "Qiongzhou", and Qiongzhou as another name for Hainan began from then on. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Qiongzhou placed the Qiongguan Pacification Division, also known as the Qiongguan Pacification Capital, so it was gradually called "Qiongtai".
In the fourth year of The Song Dynasty (971), the water and land transit affairs of the four prefectures of Dan, Ya, Zhen and Wan'an were all managed by the governor of Qiongzhou, and the state administration was moved from the old prefecture to the capital. During the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties to the Republic of China, the structure of Qiongshan County has remained unchanged, and the county capitals are located in Fucheng.
In May 1950, Hainan Island was liberated, and the establishment was also the same. On April 8, 1994, with the approval of the State Council, Qiongshan County was abolished and established as a city, and Qiongshan City (a county-level city) was established. On October 16, 2002, the administrative divisions of Qiongshan and Haikou were adjusted, and Qiongshan City was reorganized into Qiongshan District, which was subordinate to Haikou City.
3 Searching for "Qiongshan"
One sunny morning, I came to the Xinmin Village Committee of Jiazi Town, Qiongshan District, Haikou City, and finally found "Baishi Village" after several questions, but the name of "Qiongshan Village" in history no longer exists, and it is estimated that the two villages have long been unified. Coincidentally, the mountain that was called "Qiongshan Mountain" is now also called "White Rock Mountain".
At the mouth of the village, Wang Mingquan, who is more than 60 years old, seemed very happy after knowing our intentions and took the initiative to lead the way. After passing through a few kneeless paths of wild grass, we came to the bottom of a mountain that did not look very tall. Old Uncle Wang said, "In front of you is the White Stone Mountain." "Through the gaps in the branches, under the background of the blue sky and white clouds, at the top of the mountain, several large stones shine white under the sunlight, which is particularly eye-catching. Walking up a small embankment, it didn't take a few minutes to reach the top of the mountain. Standing on this mountain that was once called "Qiongshan Mountain", the sky is very blue, and it seems that you can reach out and pick up a few white clouds.
At the top of the mountain, Lao Bo Wang excitedly led us to several large stones, pointed to a flat boulder and said that it was a "beggar's bed". Legend has it that in ancient times, there was a beggar from an unknown source who came to sleep on this stone every night, and later transformed into an immortal and took off into the air. Wang Laobo also said that this mountain used to be covered with large white stones. In 1969, the production team carried out water conservancy construction in the north of the village, using explosives to blow stones here, and then smashing them and transporting them away. The few large stones that exist on the top of the mountain were only left behind by the old people in the village. Speaking of this, Lao Bo Wang sighed.
The old house in Shiraishi Village.
Descend from "Qiongshan Mountain" and return to Baishi Village for a visit. Baishi Village is an ancient village with a small population of just over 30 households. Many people have white stones of different sizes on the walls of many homes. In the Qiongbei area, the stones are dominated by black-brown volcanic rock, while the Baishi Village in the Qiongbei area is full of white stones, which is very surprising. In addition, the small cinnabar-like stones on the ground of the village road aroused our curiosity, and Wang Laobo said that in difficult times, the villagers could not afford to buy ink, so they used it to grind out red juice and use it to write brush characters.
White Rock Mountain, once covered with white stones called "Qiongshan", as the birthplace of the "Qiong" name for more than a thousand years, should not be forgotten. Today, it is like a beautiful jade that has been left behind, hidden in obscurity between green mountains and green waters. However, the large white stones left on the top of the mountain are like white clouds in the sky, shining in the sun. The legends and stories of Mount Shiraishi are like a river of time, flowing through the green fields and flowing in the nostalgic memories of the villagers.
After reading history at night丨 enlarging the "Qingming River Map", I found the figure of "takeaway brother"...
Night reading history 丨Zhuya, the earliest official name of Hainan Island, has been 2130 years
Night reading history 丨The only flower in the history of Hainan: Zhang Yuesong
Reading history at night 丨 Here, the first county-level Soviet regime in Qiongya was established
Night reading history丨The land of wonders! Qiongya Revolutionary Tinder was born twice in this desperate place...
Night reading history丨89 years ago, the combat effectiveness of this girl army exploded! Nowadays, it is red all over the north and south
Source: Hainan Daily, April 20, 2020 B11 edition
Editor: Liao Baoyu
Editor: Zhu Qin