Source: CCTV
Turning over the thick history of the CPC over the past century, from the great victory of the revolution to the great rejuvenation of the nation, the revolutionary cultural relics that have endured vicissitudes one after another have recorded a series of red stories that have reached the hearts of the people and the historical moments that have carried forward the past one after another, which is the best witness of the CPC cutting through thorns and forging ahead.
On the occasion of the centenary of the founding of the Party, the Central Radio and Television Corporation, the State Administration of Cultural Relics, and the Central Cyberspace Administration jointly launched the "Red Mark -- Sound Archive of 100 Revolutionary Cultural Relics", which was officially launched on March 22 at the Central Radio and Television Station' Central Broadcasting Voice of China, and was simultaneously launched on new media platforms such as CCTV News, CCTV News, and Yunting. 100 narrators, using the "most beautiful voice" to burn a century of memories.
Recording a century-old memory with my voice, I am Gu Yue, a docent at the Hongyan Revolutionary History Museum in Chongqing. The cultural relics I am talking about are the printing press of Xinhua Daily, which was once both "injured" and "imprisoned."
The flat-panel four-open printing press, which is housed in the Hongyan Revolutionary History Museum in Chongqing and weighs about 1 ton, was imported from Germany in the 1930s. There was a patch on the rack, which was damaged by a sudden power outage by the Kuomintang during the Wuhan period. Although some parts of the machine are heavily worn and some oxidation and rust throughout the body, they can still be used today.
"Xinhua Daily" printing press (Photo by Chen Peng, Chongqing reporter of the General Station)
In 1937, the second Kuomintang-Communist cooperation began. After long negotiations, the Chinese Communist Party was granted the right to publish and distribute the weekly magazines Xinhua Daily and Masses in Hankou. With the help of many progressives, Pan Zinian, who was in charge of the preparatory work, finally bought the printing press at a tabloid printing house.
In January 1938, the "Xinhua Daily" was founded, and the former reporter of the "Xinhua Daily" recalled that the purpose of running the magazine was clearly stated in the inaugural speech: "This newspaper is willing to make a clarion call to agitate for progress in the great battle for the survival and independence of the nation."
Zhou Erfu: Xinhua Daily has two tasks, the first is to publish the party newspaper. Another party journal, the party journal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Every six months.
Pan Zinian, then president of Xinhua Daily (center), General Manager Xiong Jinyue (left), and Editor-in-Chief Wu Kejian (right)
At the time of the Japanese army's large-scale attack, in July of the same year, Dong Biwu, one of the main leaders of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, sent Xiong Jinyue, then general manager of Xinhua Daily, and others to Chongqing to find a suitable location for the establishment of the branch. But he also clearly stressed that if Wuhan is not lost for a day, Xinhua Daily will be printed and published in Wuhan.
Every day, four editions of the newspaper are printed on this printing press, with pictures and texts, which not only pay attention to the national war of resistance, but also disseminate international anti-fascist dynamics, becoming an important window for the people to understand the situation.
The inaugural issue of Xinhua Daily
On October 24, 1938, on the eve of the fall of Wuhan, the autumn rain in Hankou was pouring down. Zhou Enlai dictated an editorial entitled "Farewell to The Fathers and Brothers of Wuhan" in the newspaper, solemnly declaring: We have only left Wuhan temporarily, and Wuhan will eventually return to the hands of the Chinese people. That night, the printing press moved up the river with the newspaper staff from Wuhan to Chongqing.
The People's Fine Arts Publishing House publishes the cover of the comic strip "Foggy Newsboy" The protagonist of the story is the "Xinhua Daily" newsboy
Newsboys weave through the streets of Chongqing, selling the latest xinhua daily published in chongqing to the public.
"The Japanese Kou are rampant, and the country is even more broken, but the fighting spirit of our descendants is also getting stronger, and we will never be proud of a temporary military setback, and we will never waver for the gains and losses of some big cities!"
In the days that followed, Xinhua Daily and Mass Weekly continued to publish and distribute in Chongqing, fighting side by side, relying on this imported "big man" printing press.
The former site of the Xinhua Daily newspaper in Chongqing
In May 1939, Japanese aircraft bombed the central area of Chongqing continuously, and a large number of incendiary bombs were used. The fire in the center of Chongqing Burned for two consecutive days, and the printing department of Xinhua Daily was also blown to rubble, and the printing and distribution work could only be suspended. In July, Dong Biwu led workers to remove the printing press from the rubble, reassemble it, and resume printing that month. Subsequently, under the Hutou Rock of Hualong Bridge, the comrades of the newspaper office dug an air raid shelter, and although the air raids were continuous, under the swaying kerosene lamp, the Communists worked tirelessly and the printing press did not stop.
Mao Zedong TV series
Zhang Wentian: Lao Mao, I have already read your "On Protracted War," which is an article of guiding significance for China's War of Resistance. I suggest publishing it in full in Xinhua Daily.
Mao Zedong: Send the central government's policies and instructions on encircling Wuhan to Enlai as well.
Printed lead plates used in printing presses (Photo by Chen Peng, chongqing reporter of the General Station)
Zhu Jun, secretary of the party committee of the Chongqing Hongyan United Line Cultural Development Management Center, said: Xinhua Ribao often publishes important articles by our party leaders to encourage the determination of the broad masses of soldiers and civilians in the Kuomintang area to resist the Japanese aggressors by propagating the idea of an all-round war of resistance and a protracted war of resistance.
Zhu Jun: In the Kuomintang areas, there were both quick victorists and subjugated theorists, and where the future of the country was going, the broad masses of the people in the kuomintang areas had countless hearts in their hearts, and after the Southern Bureau came to Chongqing, it publicized our party's idea of an all-round war of resistance, including Mao Zedong's "On Protracted War." After this pamphlet was printed, it was distributed to progressives and those who were willing to resist the war.
"Xinhua Ribao" also set aside a large number of pages to vividly and concretely reflect the actual situation of the lives of the broad masses of the people, mainly the working class, who are at the bottom of society, and to reflect the sufferings of the masses, but this also made the Kuomintang authorities with ghostly fetuses restless. After 1940, in order not to let the Communists "speak out", they often arbitrarily deleted and withheld manuscripts.
Feng Tingxiong, a former staff member of xinhua daily, recalled: After [they] came in, they threw all the books and newspapers of the store department into the street, threw them out, and some set them on fire. Anyway, the store department was destroyed badly.
In May 1939, Zhou Enlai wrote a letter to Wu Kejian and Lu Yi of Xinhua Daily on the issue of running a newspaper
The Xinhua Daily and the Masses weekly waged an uphill struggle against the Kuomintang authorities for freedom of speech and publication. Zhu Jun said that even so, the propaganda effect of the newspaper is still better than expected. Mao Zedong praised during the Chongqing negotiations: "Our Xinhua Daily is worthy of a front army. ”
Zhu Jun: At that time, the Southern Bureau, especially Comrade Zhou Enlai, formulated a principle for the Xinhua Ribao, which was to "compile well, print clearly, publish early, and sell more," so that the circulation of the Xinhua Ribao in the Kuomintang area was the largest newspaper. It has played a very good role in propagating the ideas of our Communist Party of China, as well as in publicizing the world anti-fascist war, the European battlefield, and the Soviet-German battlefield.
Xinhua Daily pavilion under Hutou Rock in Hualongqiao, Chongqing
Until February 1947, when the Kuomintang reactionary authorities forcibly closed the Chongqing Xinhua Daily, this printing press had been responsible for heavy printing tasks during the 9 years, 1 month and 18 days of circulation, a total of 3231 issues. Subsequently, it was dragged by the Kuomintang reactionary authorities to a prison on the south bank of Chongqing. It was not until chongqing was liberated two years later that it was rediscovered when the Military Control Commission inspected the prison.
Time flies, legends immortalize. This printing press not only recorded the years of this period of struggle, but also demonstrated the historical merits of our party's news and propaganda contingent as "the clarion call of the War of Resistance and the mouthpiece of the people," and became the best witness of the CPC's organization and leadership of the people's War of Resistance.
Chen Hongyu: I am Chen Hongyu, a docent at the Hongyan Revolutionary History Museum in Chongqing, born in 1996, 24 years old. Since I was a child, I have listened to my fathers tell the stories of "Sister Jiang" and "Little Radish Head", and I have great respect for the revolutionary ancestors. During these two years of work, he told people again and again about "Red Rock" and the story behind the printing press of Xinhua Daily. The spirit of the War of Resistance Contained in this has inspired me to continue to strive to tell the story of the War of Resistance and the story of the Communist Party of China well in my future work.
Director system 丨 Liu Xiaolong Gu Yucai
Producer 丨Gao Yan
Chief Planner 丨Fan Xinzheng Cui Xin
Planning 丨 Ding Fei Sun Lujin
Coordination 丨 Feng Shuo Zhu Min Li Hao Liu Mengya Zhao Chu Nan Han Xueying
Reporter 丨 Chen Peng
Editor 丨 Du Ximeng
Narrator 丨 Gu Yue
Production 丨Chu Hee
New media 丨Du Ximeng Wang Yuan Kong Ying Jiang Xiaochen
Consultant 丨 Xu Pengtang, researcher of the Central Academy of Party History and Literature
Thanks丨 Chongqing Hongyan Revolutionary History Museum