Wen | Wang Youjin
Guo clarified
In the spring of 1971, Guo Qingqing, who was serving in the Shandong Provincial Bureau of Culture, personally asked the secretary of the provincial party committee for leave, gave up the superior conditions and living environment of Jinan, and returned to his hometown of Guo Gao Village, Shiji Commune, Ningjin County, to create his three-volume million-word novel "The Record of the Great Knife".
After returning to the village, he first reported to the village leadership team and explained the reasons and wishes to go home and create. In fact, the provincial party committee and the county party committee have arranged a comfortable writing environment for him, but he insists on returning to his hometown to engage in creation. He said his hometown was his birthplace. Trees have roots, water has an source, back to the hometown grounded, clear thinking, less interference.
His determination to return to his hometown to engage in creation was by no means a rash move, but after a long period of deliberation. He clearly knows the hardships in the countryside, the poor living conditions, the problems that will be encountered in the cold winter and summer heat, and the problems of family affairs. But he knows even more that the big knife team was formed in the countryside, Liang Yongsheng is a simple peasant child, and the big knife team he led has always fought in the countryside, survived in the countryside, developed in the countryside, and grew stronger than the countryside. He created the theme of the big knife record formed in the countryside in the city, and how could he write the real and living big knife team in the city, and how could he write the tall image of Liang Yongsheng, realistically, and vividly.
There are fields, trees, crops, living beings accompanying people, ditches and valleys with endless expressions, and puddles of water, which are the objective conditions and natural environment for the formation, survival and development of the big knife team. Without these factors, it is impossible to write good characters and good subjects. Crops rely on fertilizer, big trees must have deep soil, leaving the rural environment and good conditions to engage in the creation of rural themes, will not it become a floating land to plant crops, shallow soil to plant large trees?
The people of the hometown rejoice and hope that Guo Qingqing's return to his hometown to create works can bring vitality to his hometown, bring a new atmosphere, and bring new impetus to life.
He found someone to build four small north houses, a total of forty square meters, a single room of ten square meters, the walls are made of earth, and the broken walls are old bricks. Therefore, people say: "Clarify the repair of the house to hit the wall, no bricks, no tiles and no beams, the thick purlins of the arms are not long enough, and the sleeping head and feet are against the wall." It was under such conditions that he began a three-year writing life, more than a thousand days and nights of arduous creation.
He is not afraid of hardship, not afraid of difficulties, not afraid of poor conditions, just to step down, calm down, collect materials, quickly write more works, write "The Record of the Great Knife" as soon as possible, so that readers can be satisfied, the organization is satisfied, and the hard and extremely difficult struggle life of the big knife team under the leadership of Liang Yongsheng is reproduced.
He went deep into life, went deep into the masses, and investigated and studied. He went to the old man's home of Li Jinzhen, a martyr, and asked her to tell her about the feats of his son Guo Delin's death in battle on the front line of the anti-Japanese war, and to describe his son's personality characteristics and spiritual situation. He also visited the home of Guo Shuzhen, a veteran soldier in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and asked him to explain the passionate years of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea and to serve as a guard for Commander Peng Dehuai, as well as the condolence performances and return of Mei Lanfang and others who escorted the motherland condolence group to perform and return to China. He also asked Guo Lianpin, a veteran, and Guo Lianpin, the father of his old classmate Guo Shusen, to tell guo Lianpin's story of the difficult journey of his son Guo Shusen, who signed up for the army from school at the age of sixteen, marched directly from the Bohai Naval Region to the west, and traveled thousands of miles to Xinjiang. These are all used as plot material for writing "The Book of the Great Knife".
He also made a special trip to find Yan Cheng, the old eighth road during the War of Resistance Against Japan, and asked him to explain the passionate years and difficult course of the War of Resistance Against Japan. He listened carefully to what he learned, especially the details, and wrote it into the book.
Because in the era of the anti-Japanese peak fire, the big knife team could not clash head-on with the Japanese army, and could only attack from the east and the west, returning at night and returning to the sun, haunting the forest crops, and slowly depleting the enemy's living strength. Guo Qingqing often asked the village doctor Guo Zhiming to accompany him to the crop field in the north of the village, looking at the crops from a distance, standing tall and looking far, sometimes walking around to see, sometimes standing standing, and often looking at the crops with his eyes in a daze, falling into contemplation, thinking about what he was thinking and conceiving. At this time, Guo Zhiming did not talk to him, kept a certain distance, and did not disturb him to enter the role.
He went out for a walk in the morning, all to the field path north of the village, because it was quiet, there were a small number of local village fields, most of which were north village villages, and there were few people who knew him, which was convenient for creation and conception. He is approachable, does not put up shelves, and talks to people. He knew that the main task of his return to his hometown was to create, to write the long novel "The Book of the Big Knife", but he could not drag it on for a long time, he must seize the time and complete it as soon as possible, the energy was too scattered, affecting the conception and creative effect, so he turned to the north of the village, rare people, to protect the idea.
Most of his writing is at night, because it is late at night and there is little interference. He often prepared some peanut rice, biscuits, and dried steamed buns around him, put a warm water bottle next to him, and wrote that when he was hungry, he put a few peanuts in his mouth, ate a few biscuits, and soaked some dried steamed buns with boiling water to alleviate hunger.
In those years, the weather was fickle, the cold earth cracked in winter, and even the urns containing water in the courtyard froze into thick ice. His hut was even colder, he stepped on thick cotton shoes, wore a cotton coat made by his wife Liu Baolian on his upper body, and sometimes put a thick quilt on his back to keep the heat on his body less.
In the summer, the house is sweltering, the air flow is poor, mosquitoes fly around and bite, he fights with mosquitoes while writing, often his face and legs are bitten, while scratching and writing, while playing and writing.
Sometimes when he encounters a complicated conceptual plot, he stops writing, sits in a chair, rests his head against the back wall, and sometimes falls asleep for a long time. His head rubbed against the back wall for a long time, and there was a black, bright orb trace, and the hometown people said that the clarified head grinded out a bright moon and a small sun.
In the years when he created in his hometown, he said that he was quiet back to his hometown, but in fact, it was not much quieter. At night, I wrote until three times in the middle of the night, and I wanted to sleep the next day, and as a result, there were many guests, some leaders came to visit, some colleagues came to comfort, some scholars studied and asked for advice, and some came to ask for help and guidance. He was responsive and never snubbed anyone. In this way, during the day, it is almost always meeting, talking, and communicating with guests, and there is no time to write. Therefore, the literary circles said that at that time, Guogao Village suddenly became a literary holy land, and enthusiastic young people from all over the country flocked to it. Some of them were on bicycles, some were walking on foot, because there were no buses or taxis. After they came to the village, some of them asked to meet and talk, some wanted to call The works they brought to Guo Qingqing to look at it and get guidance, and some of them worshiped Guo Qingqing's short works for a long time, and were willing to worship Guo Qingqing as a teacher. Some villagers described that in the years when He wrote "The Book of the Great Knife", every day outside the house was like repairing a house and doing a happy event, and the guests came and went, and it was very lively.
His wife, Liu Baolian, simply became a receptionist, a pick-up worker, and a messenger, who could not stop all day long, ushered in the delivery, poured tea and water, and was busy. The neighbors in the village all said: "What kind of life liu Baolian is living, like Ah Qing's sister-in-law in Shajiabin, she is busy running around all day, and there is no time to stand." ”
Guo Clarifier sometimes wrote that until the middle of the night, he needed to go to the courtyard to inhale fresh air, stretch his legs and feet, and move. Liu Baolian quickly got up, thinking that he was hungry, and wanted to make him something to eat, and clarified: "At night, you don't have to worry about me, there are steamed buns, biscuits, peanuts, boiling water on the line, you are tired enough all day long, you and I are hard enough." Liu Baolian knew that her husband's state of mind was not easy, he never said anything discouraged, he could only push the cart forward.
Guo clarified that he was still working after a serious illness
Guo Qingxing was created with an illness in "The Book of the Big Knife". According to the village doctor's recollection, when Guo Qingqing returned to the village, he had three obvious diseases: old myocardial infarction, chronic lung disease, and paroxysmal appendicitis. According to the situation at that time, he should not have undertaken such an important task as writing "The Record of the Great Knife", but he had a lofty sense of responsibility and mission, and was willing to use his own pen to reflect the whole process of Liang Yongsheng coming out of oppression, resisting, throwing himself into the revolution, forming a big knife team, carrying out arduous revolutionary struggles, and actively participating in the War of Resistance Against Japan, until he defected to Yan'an and marched toward victory.
This kind of idea had already been formed, and he was determined to do it, otherwise how could he give up his work, leave the provincial capital, and directly take a long leave of absence with the secretary of the provincial party committee to return to his hometown to engage in creation?
In the three years that Guo clarified the writing of "The Book of the Big Knife", life was very hard, the salary was not adjusted for many years, the population in the family was large, in addition to the four children who needed to be supported to go to school, there were also fathers, two old uncles and an aunt, they were all seventy or eighty years old, they were also sick, taking medicine and injections was a common thing, and they needed living security. At that time, the distribution system of the large rural collectives was one of seven labors and three labors, and the old people could not work in the fields, could not earn work points, and could only divide fixed grain and firewood, and there was no year-end dividend, let alone accumulation, and they could only divide grain year after year.
He often said to Guo Shuting and Guo Deshui, who was around him: "I am lame and sick and blind, a family of ten." It can be seen that his difficulties and sufferings are like, it is really difficult to describe his state of mind, and it is difficult to express his bitter words.
He used all his wages to pay for the food and clothing of a large family, but also to ensure the food and clothing of several elderly people, the treatment of diseases and the schooling of his sons, and often squeezed out money to buy medicine for the martyrs in the village, buy nutritional products, and buy cigarettes and tea to entertain guests. Therefore, he and Liu Baolian rarely added clothes, shoes and socks all year round, and could only be turned over and over. In him, it is common to wear spring and summer, autumn and winter.
Guo Qingxing and Liu Baolian
His and Liu Baolian's daily wear is almost no different from that of ordinary villagers. In 1976, after his illness, he was hospitalized in Texas, and Guo Xiangjie took his eldest daughter to the hospital to visit him and took a photo with him at the hospital gate. He and Pauline's coarse cloth shoes, coarse cloth pants, and tops are also homemade. This photo Guo Xiangjie has preserved for more than forty years, often looking at the association, telling the children to learn from this simple hometown uncle, and to maintain the excellent nature of hardship and simplicity at all times.
In Guo Qingqing's body, there is no enjoyment, all his energy, the whole body and mind, are used in creation and writing and being a person, he has no self at all, in addition to the filial care for the elderly, he can not take care of his wife and children at all. Children are free-range and self-growing. But he will always be the filial piety child of the elders, the generous handling of people, the righteous official for the people, and his lifelong creative career.
According to their children, in the years when he was writing in his hometown, there was almost no home like home, we came home from home, wanted to sit down with their parents and talk, la la family did not have a chance, only to eat dumplings on the first day of the New Year, it was a matter of things, that kind of family life that was united and beautiful, reunion and reunion, a happy atmosphere of laughter and laughter, just a wish and miss, and when "The Book of the Big Knife" was published, Dad became disabled again, and took him everywhere to see a doctor and treat.
After the death of Guo Qingqing's fourth uncle, when the villagers changed clothes for the old man, they found more than a hundred yuan from his old clothes, and the villagers clearly knew that this was the pocket money that Guo Chengqing and Liu Baolian had given to the old man in the past few years, they were always afraid that the old man was missing, and they could not give a three yuan and five yuan, the old man was reluctant to spend, knowing that the nephew and nephew daughter-in-law lived frugally, so they saved up to more than one hundred yuan. At that time, more than one hundred yuan was not a small number, that was the total monthly salary of Guo Clarifier Liu Baolian and Liu Baolian.
In those days, people's incomes could only be calculated in terms of points and horns per day. Guo Jinzhong, the secretary of the old village branch, handed me a notebook with a record of his work as the secretary of the branch, and one of the pages was the distribution of year-end bonuses to village cadres, production captains and full-time personnel at the end of 1979. The year-end annual award for the cadres and production captains of the brigade is thirty yuan, the deputy captain, accountant, and custodian are twenty yuan for the whole year, the other full-time personnel are five yuan, and the electrician Guo Wancheng is thirty yuan. Guo Qingqing and Liu Baolian gave the fourth uncle more than 100 yuan of pocket money in a few years, how filial he was.
The old martyr's family is the place he often goes, the old veteran is the person he cares about the most, who has children and the elderly who have diseases he is concerned about, arrange diagnosis and treatment. He also sent Guo Delin, whose name is a dog and cannot take care of himself, to a nursing home to make him old.
He created in his hometown for three years, paying attention to the production and villagers' lives in the village every year, suggesting to the village cadres to merge scattered plots of land, helping the village to install electricity, buying televisions, tractors, fertilizers and pesticides, helping to study deep wells, planting trees, and taking the lead in greening his own courtyard and lining up small forests.
He is also concerned about school construction, sideline production, and two-bay aquaculture. Guo Jinzhong, the old branch secretary, wrote in his recollection: The whole village has more than 1,500 acres of land, and the blocks have left his footprints and figures.
Guo clarified that in the journey of creation, he persevered and strived for perfection, and indeed achieved fruitful results. But he had a fatal weakness, that is, he did not care about his body too much, and in the spring, summer, autumn and winter, life was too irregular, so that he seriously overdrawn his body, and finally led to half-body failure, which increased the pain of the thirteen years after his life.
Guo Zhiming is his neighbor and his health care doctor for many years. According to his recollection, once Guo Clarified had a cold and fever, his body temperature reached thirty-nine degrees, and when he was given an injection, he was still writing on the manuscript paper while he was in debt, and he was moved to tears.
He liked to smoke, one after the other, almost connected, with no breaks in between. This has become his habit for many years, but also for the purpose of creating a refreshing spirit. He loves to drink strong tea, but also to excite the spirit.
His wife, Liu Baolian, was six years younger than him, was his student, and died a year before him, died of lung cancer, and was only fifty-four years old, the reason for which could not but be said to have nothing to do with their long-term smoking or repeated second-hand smoke, of course, this is the last word.
Guo Clarified long-term night writing, lack of sleep time, talking to people during the day, spending energy, the spirit is always in a state of tension, not leisure, not relaxed, so the literary circles call Guo Qingqing a Paul writer, father and fellow villagers said that he was tired, not without reason. The literary world has said that Guo Qingqing is not creating, but desperately.
He still has a lot of worries, a few old people are in front of him, and there are many things when he is old, and he is also worried. Several sons are old, and there are jobs, the needs of the big things of starting a family, the village cadres, the neighbors, the villagers, the staff around them, all have such and such things to find him, ask him to help deal with, some also want to borrow his big name to hope, dip a light, each person has their own small abacus, small ideas.
Those literary lovers, leaders at all levels, students, relatives and friends, colleagues, all come to care about visits, and he is also a face-loving person, who does not see bad things, sees and delays writing, and has a dilemma. When Haoran created "Sunny Days", he was hiding in the quiet beijing eight major writers' creation base, and Guo Qingqing returned to his hometown of the birthplace, and when he came back, he couldn't go, couldn't change, couldn't change.
All walks of life know that he went back to his hometown to write "The Book of the Great Knife", looking forward to it, waiting, staring at it, so that he had huge psychological pressure and mental burden, and the stars in the sky looked at the moon.
The literary world said that he was not as long as short, and the front of the long story was better than the back, which was not unreasonable. He wrote books under great pressure, created in the chaos of black and white, and completed his original masterpiece with chores in his heart, unable to meditate, only chaotic, the old things were not dealt with, and the new things came a lot.
He took face very seriously, and he had to have a reply and an explanation for any small matter proposed by the villagers and neighbors, and people had so much energy.
His father, Guo Zhitang, had an old temper, and from time to time pointed fingers at him, even saying two sentences and giving orders. Guo Clarifier was a filial piety again, and he had to listen to Lao Tzu's words, and sometimes his head was bigger.
He and his wife Liu Baolian sometimes quarreled, with different opinions and opinions, and others knew that it was awkward, but they did not know why. The two of them never spoke, could not speak, and could not say. Village affairs, township affairs, household chores, everything is not big, but it is difficult and troublesome.
For returning to his hometown to write "The Book of the Great Knife", whether it is good or bad, good or unfavorable, only Liu Baolian knows, and only Guo clarifies that he understands.
The villagers who knew about it said that Guo Qingqing came back to write a book, the difficulties are really more than the methods, the pressure is greater than the smooth, and he himself has the most numbers in his heart.
In 1973 and 1975, I went home from the army twice to visit my relatives, went to his home twice, and saw Guo Qingqing twice, and I had the impression that he was writing books in chaotic situations, and the whole family courtyard was like a busy day, such as marriage and funeral, how can I write books in this environment, how can I meditate on ideas?
His physical condition is also poor, long-term staying up late, eating irregularly, which can bear it, after writing, people are tired, like long-distance runners, to the end, people can not stand, a truth, the same situation.
Later, I gave Guo Clarification three times to the grave, I always felt that he entrusted me to speak, asked me to write something, said that he was very good in heaven, not so tired, not so difficult, Guo Gao stood at the station, Qilu looked, the whole country turned.
His father and uncle lived to be eighty or ninety years old, while he only lived to be sixty years old, twenty or thirty years less than his elders. The living conditions are better, but they die early.
After Guo Qingxing's "The Tale of the Great Knife" was published in 1975, it was successively made into a film and television series, processed into comic strips, book reviews, etc., and was praised and praised by all walks of life. Fulfilled his original wish.
According to the requirements and wishes of the masses, the county party committee and the county government have set up a special exhibition room for the commemorative exhibition room of Guo Qingcheng's Big Knife In the Ningjin Culture and Arts Center for people to remember and admire. His personality and moral character, his spiritual realm, like his works, will always remain in the world, in people's hearts, in his hometown of Guogao Village, and become a vivid teaching material and spiritual driving force that inspires young people and leads the education of future generations.
(Completed on November 24, 2017, Osamu Haruya, February 3, 2021)
About author:Wang Youjin is a retired cadre at the Bank of Texas. He joined the army in 1969. Originally from Guo Gao Village, Shiji Town, Ningjin County, Shandong Province, he was from the same village as Guo Qingqing, the author of "The Book of the Great Knife".
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