Last week, Xiaobian wrote an article on various common diseases of mango, and saw that many friends left messages saying that they wanted to produce a corresponding prevention and control measures.
So today Xiao Mang will explore the simple medication and prevention measures for these common diseases.
Friends can also express their opinions, talk about their own medication methods and prevention measures, so that more fruit farmers and friends can benefit.
<h1>Mango disease control measures</h1>
1. Anthrax
(1) When clearing the garden, remove the disease residue on the ground in time, prune the dead branches, diseased branches and diseased and insect leaves in time, and burn them in a concentrated manner to reduce the pathogenic bacteria; properly prune the fruit trees to increase the wind permeability of the orchard; orchards in low-lying areas should pay attention to drainage in time to reduce the humidity of the orchard.
(2) Pay attention to the medication time, avoid missing the key prevention and treatment period, and do a good job in prevention. At the same time, it should be noted that once anthrax occurs, it will also create invasive wounds for bacterial horn spots.
In mango orchards with high temperature and high humidity, protective fungicides should be sprayed before the onset of flowers 1-2 days, after 80% of the flowers, at the tender shoot stage and in the young fruit stage, such as bacillus qing, etc.;
If there is an onset center, early prevention and treatment, at the right time, use the right dose, you can also carry out secondary spray prevention and treatment of the center of severe disease.
Note: Avoid taking medicine at noon to avoid causing damage to young leaves and peels. Alternate use of agents to reduce the development of drug resistance.
Recommended agent: imidamin + 25% pyrazole ether ester (Note: imidamin alone in the treatment of mango anthrax is very effective, but some varieties (Tai Bud, Guifei, etc.) are very sensitive to this agent)
Another recommended agent is recommended for varieties sensitive to imidamin: phenoxymethazole + pyrazole ester
2. Powdery mildew
(1) In the flowering and fruiting period of mango, we should pay attention to reasonable fertilization, avoid excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer, and increase the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; pay attention to the timely removal of diseased stumps, weak branches, over-dense branches, cross branches, etc. in the orchard, and improve the ventilation and light transmission of the orchard.
Flowering period is recommended to appropriately carry out artificial short flower spikes, the specific operation is when the flower spikes are 5-6 cm long, you can cut off one-third from the top of the main flower branch; or manually erase the side flower branches at the base of the flower spikes from one-third to two-thirds; pay attention to the pruning of the flower spikes before flowering, improve the inflorescence ventilation conditions, prevent the inflorescence from falling on rainy days, and avoid the breeding of powdery mildew bacteria.
(2) Powdery mildew is mainly recommended for chemical prevention and treatment.
Pay attention to the regular application of drugs to prevent diseases from the early stage of flowering to the young fruit stage (it is recommended not to use drugs during the peak of flowering to avoid drug damage). It is recommended that everyone should grab more spray when it rains frequently, spray less when it rains less, and spray regularly in other cases.
Recommended agents: pyrazole pyrimidine, pyrazole ether ester.
3. Bacterial horn spot disease
(1) Do a good job of clearing the garden, completely remove the disease residue, dead branches and diseased branches of the orchard when pruning, and timely disinfection to reduce the source of infection in the early next year.
Orchards with severe disease can be re-cut and replaced with crowns, and sprayed with chemical solutions such as Bordeaux liquid or copper hydroxide after pruning.
(2) Strengthen the water and fertilizer management of fruit trees and enhance the tree potential. Because when there are many young branches of fruit trees, it is easy to have wounds when it suffers from natural disasters such as storms, resulting in infection and a large incidence.
In addition, the demand for potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer in the growth process of mango is larger, but the demand for nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is less, if the orchard with more elemental fertilizer is usually applied, the branches and leaves will generally grow, the canopy is large, but the root system is less, and the phosphate fertilizer will fix the trace elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc and other trace elements in the soil, resulting in insufficient nutrients in the tree, weak tree potential, and susceptibility to disease intrusion.
(3) Mainly pay attention to the time of prevention and treatment and the choice of agents, at present, the best treatment for the disease is copper preparations, such as spring thunder king copper, copper thirrhinate, quinoline copper, copper hydroxide, copper sulfate calcium copper.
4. Scab disease
(1) The prevention and control strategy of the disease is mainly based on prevention, timely pruning of diseased branches, diseased leaves and overly dense branches, removing dead branches and leaves and fruits on the ground, and burning them in a concentrated manner to completely eliminate the pathogen.
(2) After the germination of the new shoots or after the inflorescence of the cones is withdrawn, it is recommended to spray again every 7-10 days; spray 2-3 times during each pumping period or during the flowering and fruiting period.
Recommended agents: phenoxymethazole + pyrazole ether ester, phenylmethicazole + zole desenbine, benzopyrimidine
5. Malformation disease
(1) It is strictly forbidden to introduce seedlings and scion from the ward. Once discovered, timely output burns out.
(2) Prune the diseased branches, the pruned branches contain at least 3 plucking lengths (0.4-1 meters), and disinfect the shears immediately after shearing (you can use Sparker).
(3) Combined with branch shears, "cure" and "make up" are carried out at the same time.
"Cure" mainly refers to the mixed use of agents with bactericidal and insecticidal effects, fungicides such as carbendazim, imidamin, methylthiopyridine, etc., and insecticides can have imidacloprid, acetyl worm, avermectin and the like.
"Supplement" refers to the supplementation of zinc fertilizer with emphasis. In addition to soil application supplementary nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer and zinc fertilizer, foliar spraying of zinc, calcium, boron and other medium trace elements foliar fertilizer.
6. Soot disease
(1) Strengthen orchard management, reasonable irrigation, reduce orchard humidity; for vigorous varieties can be re-pruned, orchards with large tree age should consider retracting the canopy, try to make the orchard ventilated and transparent; after fruit picking, timely pruning of fruit trees, pruning dead branches and old diseased leaves, and bringing out the orchard in time to incinerate or bury deeply to reduce the source of infection.
(2) Timely prevention of diseases and insects, and the prevention and control of the above homoptera pests that can produce honeydew is the most effective measure to prevent the occurrence of this disease. Pay special attention to the control of mesozoans, because adult mesozoans have waxy shells on their bodies, and their resistance to pesticides will be stronger, so it is necessary to seize the mesozoans before they have formed a nymph stage to apply them to the effect.
(3) Pharmaceutical prevention and control, for soot disease, should seize the flowering period and fruit stage for prevention and control.
Recommended agent: difenezoxazole + zinc manganese or pyrazole ether ester + perchloropyridine.
7. Algal spot disease
(1) Reasonable fertilization and irrigation, increase the application of organic fertilizer, enhance the tree potential, improve the disease resistance; moderate pruning to increase ventilation and light transmission, do a good job in drainage measures of the orchard, maintain the temperature and humidity of the orchard humidity; pay attention to the drainage of the orchard in the rainy season, cultivate and weed in time, and do not create conditions for germs.
(2) Remove diseased old leaves or diseased fallen leaves from the orchard. If the orchard that has already occurred in the disease needs to be combined with post-harvest pruning, a comprehensive clearance of the garden, the removal of the diseased branches and leaves, the timely burning, and the attention to comprehensive disinfection.
In addition, special attention is paid to the weaker tree body, which is more likely to occur.
(3) In the early stage of the disease, the lesions are still gray-green and have not yet formed zoospores before spraying the drug for prevention and control.
Spray leaves and branches using 0.5% equal amounts of Bordeaux liquid, methylthiobacterimide, copper hydroxide, etc.
8. Glue disease
(1) Enhance tree potential, rational watering, increase the application of organic fertilizer, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, improve plant resistance, cultivate robust tree potential, and alleviate environmental stress on the tree body.
(2) Combined with plastic pruning, timely pruning of infected branches (pruning at 20-30 cm below the diseased part), concentrated on burning outside the garden, reducing the source of initial infection of the orchard, and disinfecting the wound, You can use Bordeaux liquid to clean the garden (pay attention to spraying to the leaf back and the internal branches).
(3) Pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, reduce the occurrence of wounds, you can take the way of whitening the tree body, in addition, we must also pay attention to reducing the wound in the cultivation process.
(4) The diseased part on the main trunk can be cut with a disinfectant knife, cut to the healthy tissue, and then apply the wound with a medicament.
Recommended agent: Pyrazole ether ester or copper hydroxide or copper calcium sulfate, apply.
9. Dew spot disease
For dew spot disease, once infected, it cannot be cured, so it is mainly based on prevention.
(1) Fruit trees should be properly pruned, and orchards with large tree age should retract the canopy, cut off the inner branches, dead branches and diseased insect branches, improve the ventilation and light transmittance of the orchard, and reduce the hidden places of leafhoppers, aphids, thrips and mites.
(2) If the tree is weak, the disease and insect pests are easy to infect the tree, it is recommended that organic fertilizer or organic water-soluble fertilizer can be increased, and the root soil can be supplemented with organic matter to enhance the tree potential and improve the resistance of fruit trees.
(3) Because mango dew spot disease may be the result of a variety of pathogenic fungal infestation or mixed infection, it is necessary to pay attention to the control of diseases and insect pests, and regularly control leafhoppers, aphids, thrips and mites during the dry season of the fruit period, and prevent them from secreting pollutants to pollute the fruit surface and cause spots. At present, it is recommended that you use thiogenic fungicides, such as grammydan, Fumei double, Daisen zinc, Fumei zinc and so on.
(4) In the middle and late stages of mango fruit development, fungicide spray is used to control and inhibit mold growth. Optional use of methylthiocephalus, pyrazole ether esters, phenoxymethozole and nitricosole, sprayed at intervals of 10 to 15 days, sprayed uniformly, continuous use of 2 to 3 times can significantly reduce the harm of disease, especially after encountering fog, rain and other weather, or dew-heavy orchards.
10. Blister disease
At present, there is no special medicine for mango blister disease to cure, and we can only rely on our early prevention.
(1) In high temperature and drought weather, in the orchard with sprinkler irrigation facilities, carry out appropriate water spraying, maintain the moisture of the soil, reduce the temperature of the small environment; do a good job of orchard pruning, ensure ventilation and light, continuous rainy days need to discharge the water in the orchard in time.
(2) Vesicular disease is mainly due to boron deficiency, so in the fruit stage management should pay attention to the supplement of boron fertilizer, as well as phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium and other trace elements supplement.
(3) Reasonable fertilization to adjust the nutritional balance of the tree body; some nutrients with stress resistance can be sprayed on the foliar surface to increase the resistance of the tree to stress and high temperature resistance.
(4) Do not overuse plant growth regulators such as 920.
(5) For bagged mangoes, check the mangoes in the bag from time to time. in order to take timely measures.
<h1>Mango pest control measures</h1>
1. Thrips
(1) Strengthen the cultivation management of orchards, regularly remove orchard weeds, reduce insect sources, rationally dense planting, scientific pruning, enhance the light transmittance of orchards, and plant plants such as mint, rosemary, lavender, sage and other repellent plants.
(2) Field hanging yellow or blue armyworm board to attract insects, there are experimental statistics, the trap effect of the blue plate is better than the yellow plate. This method removes a large number of adult worms.
Drug control: Since thrips are more susceptible to drug resistance, it is recommended that growers use multiple agents alternately.
Recommended agents: thiamethoxine, highly effective cyfluthrin, chlorfluoridine.
2. Fruit fly
(1) Timely and thorough removal of insect fruits and fallen fruits. In the middle and late stages of mango fruiting, the insects and fruits on the fruit trees are removed every 2 days, and the fallen fruits and rotten fruits on the ground are removed.
At the end of the orchard harvest, the remaining insect fruits also need to be treated.
(2) When the young fruit has not yet been endangered, timely bagging can effectively prevent the fruit fly from laying eggs on the peel, reduce the damage, and also prevent and control the harm of other diseases and insect pests.
(3) Use the bait fruit fly bait, only need to choose a cool, avoid direct sunlight, as long as it is applied to the branches or tanks, 40 points per acre, 2 grams per place.
3. Ridge-breasted Tianniu
(1) Cut off insect branches and injured branches and burn them centrally.
(2) It can be artificially captured, or the use of the phototropism of the spinal-breasted tianniu adult is installed with black light lamps for booby traps, and the larval stage is killed with a wire hook, and the agent can choose to kill ticks.
4. Transverse tail leaf moth (drill heartworm)
According to its pest characteristics, it is controlled at the egg stage and the young age of the larvae, and is generally sprayed when the mango shoots and flower spikes are 3-4 cm long, which can protect the young shoots from the transverse tail leaf moth.
The recommended agents are: high-efficiency cypermethrin, avermectin, methylaminoavermectin benzoate, thiamethoxine, imidacloprid and so on.
5. Leaf gall mosquito
(1) This insect likes a warm, moist and shaded environment, so it is recommended that growers pay attention to the pruning of the canopy, keep the orchard ventilated and transparent, and ensure that the new shoots are concentrated and concentrated, which is convenient for unified prevention and control.
Before spring harvesting, or when the orchard is seriously damaged, the orchard can be weeded and loosened. It is recommended that the orchard that has already been endangered cut off in time and taken out of the orchard to burn it in a concentrated manner, so as not to provide the opportunity for the wound to invade other pests and diseases.
(2) Focus on the extraction of 3-5 cm of young leaves from new shoots, and spray protection during the period before and after the unfolding of young leaves to prevent adults from laying eggs and kill the hatching larvae. Spray once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row at 1 end stage.
Agents can be selected: avermectin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, spironium ethyl ester, bifenthrin , carbonitrile, high-efficiency cypermethrin, cypermethrin sprayed on young leaves in the new shoot stage, pay attention to timely focus on prevention and control after rain.
6. Mesosomes
(1) Many times, the reason why many drugs cannot get rid of the mesozoites is because the best key period to kill them is missed.
In the nymph stage, the waxy shell has not yet formed or is in the process of being formed, and it is easier to be killed. When the elderly nymphs form a waxy shell and spray medicine, it not only has a poor effect, but also takes care of medicine. Therefore, it should be administered at the initial peak of mesozoans, especially when the resistance of first-instar nymphs is weakest.
(2) Before the first generation of nymphs, that is, the fruit bagging, control of the first generation of mesozoans is the critical stage (or the incubation period of eggs), and it is applied 2-3 times every 7-10 days.
Recommended agent: avermectin + perchlorinamidine + ethyl spironium, in the presence of soot disease: methothen manganese zinc + phenoxymethanazole.
(3) Because mesozoans like to gather in clusters in fruit stalks, branches and the back of leaves, which are not easy to contact with the agent, we also need special attention when spraying, and the spray must be evenly sprayed to these parts.
(4) Strengthen the pruning technology of the orchard, increase the ventilation and light transmittance of the plant, and cut off the whole branch of the heavily damaged branches in the autumn shear, and burn them centrally to reduce the number of insects and eggs.
(5) The main natural enemies of the mesozoan are predatory predators such as ladybirds and grasshoppers, and parasitic natural enemies such as aphid wasps and jumping wasps. Choose agents that are low in the toxicity of these natural enemies, and try to take field treatment, with less full spray.
7. Red spider
1. Once a red spider is found, it is necessary to prevent killing at the initial stage.
2, the drug should be used alternately, to avoid it to produce antibodies to the drug, it is difficult to kill, when it is more serious, it is necessary to insist on medication, generally 5-7 days to hit the drug once.
Recommended agents: biphenylethyl mitezole, biphenylhydrazine ester + spironite ester.
8. Aphids
(1) Prune the affected branches and branches with insects and eggs in winter, especially to cut off the affected autumn and winter shoots, and reduce the population base of overwintering insects. Try to make the pumping consistent.
(2) There are many natural enemies of aphids, common ones are ladybugs, aphid-eating flies, grasshoppers, spiders, walking beetles and so on. Among them, there are more than 30 kinds of ladybugs, including four-spotted moon ladybugs, six-spotted ladybirds, ten-spotted large ladybirds, etc., pay attention to the protection of such natural enemies.
(3) When aphids occur widely, they should be sprayed to kill as soon as possible to protect new shoots, flower ears and young fruits. The recommended agent can be used matrine, chlorocrystalline, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, butythiocler budweiser acetamiprid, thiamethia and isopropylvir.
9. Cut leaf weevil
(1) Usually manage the combination of weeding, fertilization, and control of winter shoots when turning over the pine garden soil to destroy the pupal site; during the mango pumping period, pay attention to the inspection of the orchard, once the plants that are found to be harmed by the mango cut leaf weevil, it is necessary to collect the young leaves on the ground and burn them centrally to eliminate the insect eggs and reduce the source of the next generation of insects.
(2) Ants and parasitic wasps are natural enemies of mango leaf-cutting weevils, and the natural population in the field is rich, and protection and utilization should be strengthened. Chickens are raised in orchards and can feed on larvae and pupae. This method can also treat pests such as leaf gall mosquitoes that have entered the soil to pupate.
(3) Farmers should focus on the protection of the young leaves of the new shoots after preventing the mango cut leaf weevils for 5 days to prevent the adults from laying eggs and kill the hatching larvae.
In the tender shoot stage, vibrate the branches before 10 o'clock in the morning and after 16 o'clock in the afternoon, and when it is found that there are an average of 3-5 adults per branch taking off, it is necessary to choose some insecticides with gastric toxicity and fumigation effect. In general, it is possible to spray high-efficiency cypermethrin, cypermethrin and other permethrin broad-spectrum insecticides, and it is recommended that you use heavy-tasting agents such as malathion and propyl bromophos to slow down pest resistance.
For the areas or plots where mango leaf-cutting weevils occur seriously, it is necessary to spray and control them from time to time by means of pick-and-treat or point treatment.
<h1>Measures to control mango deficiency</h1>
1. Nitrogen deficiency (N)
Nitrogen fertilizer (foliar spray supplementary nitrogen fertilizer) can be added to improve according to the environment. The annual nitrogen application amount is generally 400 grams per plant in sandy soil orchards, and 600 grams per plant in clay soil orchards.
2. Potassium deficiency (K)
Improves the rhizosphere environment and promotes potassium ion uptake (emphasis). Select loose soil plots to build gardens, plant full base fertilizers, and increase organic fertilizer and potassium sulfate after colonization.
In orchards, spray 0.5%-1% potassium sulfate solution or 0.5%-1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution after new shoots are pumped, and spray 2 times each time until symptoms lessen or resolve. Generally speaking, the annual fertilization amount of potassium fertilizer for fruiting trees is suitable for 500 to 600 grams per plant in sandy soil mango orchards and 600 to 700 grams per plant in clay soil orchards.
3. Phosphorus deficiency (P)
When there is phosphorus deficiency, 0.2% to 0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed, which can temporarily alleviate the harm caused by phosphorus deficiency, but to fundamentally solve it, mainly increase phosphate fertilizer from the soil, or find out the cause of phosphorus deficiency and solve it. In China, the amount of phosphorus applied to fruit trees is generally 150 grams of phosphorus pentoxide per plant.
4. Boron deficiency (B)
Increase the application of boron fertilizer, such as spraying 0.1% borax, or apply boron-containing nutrient solution, such as active boron, liquid boron, but Mangmeizi recommends that everyone use less borax! Or bury the soil with boron-containing fertilizer (50-100 g for adult trees). Pay attention to avoid long-term frequent application of boron fertilizer leading to boron poisoning, if boron poisoning occurs, you can suspend the application of boron fertilizer, increase the application of lime and organic fertilizer, so that the plant can grow normally.
5. Calcium deficiency (Ca)
It is recommended that mangoes adhere to calcium supplementation between flowering and fruit harvesting, and pay special attention to calcium supplementation during the fruit period. Leaf spray can choose to use sugar alcohol calcium, good mobility; root application is recommended to use ammonium nitrate calcium, crop absorption after upward conduction is good, in addition to the late stage of fruit expansion, before coloring, it is also recommended to apply calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer + humic acid 1-2 times, which will increase the hardness of the peel, can extend the shelf life, can effectively prevent the peel from producing spots, so that the fruit surface is smooth and the fruit color is beautiful.
6. Magnesium deficiency (Mg)
Improve the soil, increase the application of organic fertilizer on the basis of appropriate application of magnesium salt. In acidic soils (pH of 6.0 or less), lime magnesium (0.75-1 kg per plant) is applied to neutralize soil acidity; in slightly acidic to alkaline soils, magnesium sulfate and magnesium salts can be applied in compost; in addition, organic matter should be increased, and lime should be appropriately applied in acidic soils. It can also be sprayed 2%-3% magnesium sulfate 2-3 times outside the root, which can restore the tree momentum, and if there is a mild magnesium deficiency, the foliar spray will have a fast effect.
7. Sulfur deficiency (S)
Timely replenishment of sulfur elements and spraying of trace elements containing sulfur elements in foliar fertilizer can effectively alleviate the above symptoms.
8. Iron deficiency (Fe)
Improve the soil, increase the application of organic fertilizer, and intercropping green manure under the tree to increase the humic acid content in the soil and improve the soil structure and physical and chemical properties. In severely ill trees, 0.3%-0.5% ferrous sulfate solution can be sprayed before germination to control disease occurrence, or injected with 0.05% to 0.1% ferrous sulfate solution trunk, or an appropriate amount of chelated iron can be applied in the soil. It should be noted that soil application or foliar spraying should be done in excess, so as not to cause drug damage.
9. Zinc deficiency (Zn)
Increase the application of organic fertilizer to improve the root absorption capacity of the plant. Immediately after the onset of disease in the field, 0.2% zinc sulfate can be sprayed foliar, or other zinc-containing foliar fertilizer, at intervals of 10-15 days, a total of 2-3 sprays, severe symptoms of the field need to increase the dosage; can also be combined with the prevention and treatment of pathological diseases, the use of zinc-containing pesticides such as Daisen Zinc, Fumei Zinc and so on. However, foliar spraying does not alleviate the growth of roots, branches and subsequent shoots, so some zinc is also needed outside the root.