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The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

author:Confused sorrow

Emperor Ruizong of Tang (22 June 662 – 13 July 716), courtesy name Li Xulun, Li Lun, and Wu Lun, was a native of Chengji, Longxi (present-day Qin'an County, Gansu). The fifth emperor of the Tang Dynasty (not counting Emperor Shao of Tang and Wu Zetian), the eighth son of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, the fourth son of Wu Zetian, and the brother of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang.

Li Dan ascended the throne twice, reigned for a total of eight years (684-690, 710-712), and really held power for two years. In the fourth year of the New Century (716), he died of illness at the age of fifty-five, and was buried in Qiaoling tomb.

So today Xiaobian will talk about the wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan, let's take a look at it!

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

A brief biography of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

Early life

In June 22, 662, Li Dan was born in Chang'an. Li Dan was the fourth son of Emperor Gaozong of Tang and Wu Zetian, originally named Li Xulun, and was soon created the Prince of Yin, the Governor of Ji prefecture, Shan Yu Dadu, and the Great General of Right Jinwu Wei. He was the youngest of his brothers and was therefore deeply favored by his father, Emperor Gaozong of Tang.

As an adult, Li Xulun was humble and studious, proficient in calligraphy, and very well studied the study of written exegesis. He served as the Great General of the Right Guard, the Pastor of Luozhou, and successively conferred the titles of King of Yu, King of Ji, and King of Xiang, and was renamed Li Lun. In the second year of Yongchun (683), Li Lun changed his name to Li Dan and was again crowned king of Yu.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

Puppet years

In the first year of the reign of Emperor Sisheng (684), Wu Zetian deposed Emperor Li Xian as the King of Luling, replaced Li Dan with Emperor, and ruled on all political affairs. In the name of Li Dan, she changed her era name to Civilization, and crowned Concubine Liu as empress and her eldest son Li Chengqi as crown prince. Subsequently, Li Dan was placed under house arrest in the imperial palace, unable to foresee political affairs, and began the life of a puppet emperor. Not only was he not allowed to enter and leave the palace at will, but he could not even move freely in the palace. At that time, the British Duke Xu Jingye raised an army against Wu Zetian in Yangzhou. The chancellor Pei Yan took the opportunity to ask Wu Zetian to return the government to Li Dan, but was beheaded by Wu Zetian on charges of treason. Wu Zetian sent an army of 300,000 to suppress the Yangzhou rebellion, and Xu Jingye was defeated and killed.

In the first month of the second year of the arch (686), Wu Zetian issued an edict, indicating that he would return the government to the emperor. Li Dan knew that this was the mother queen testing him, so he went to the table several times, vigorously resigned, and asked the mother queen to continue to come to the court. Wu Zetian pushed the boat along the water, "accepted" Li Dan's request, and still controlled the government of the dynasty.

In the fourth year of the arch (688), Wu Chengsi presented Wu Zetian with a white stone engraved with the words "Our Lady of The Prophet, The Emperor of Yongchang", claiming to have been found in Luoshui. Wu Zetian was overjoyed and named Baishi "Treasure Map" (later renamed "Heavenly Divine Map"), and added the honorific title of Our Lady of God. As emperor, Li Dan not only could not stop it, but also accompanied Wu Zetian to Luoshui and participated in the "Bailuo Receiving Map" ceremony.

At that time, Li Chong, the king of Langya, and Li Zhen, the king of Yue, rebelled against Wu Zetian, and as a result, they were both defeated and killed. Li Yuanjia the King of Han, Li Lingkui the King of Lu, Li Yuanlu the King of Huo, Li Shen the King of Ji, Li Xu the Prince of Jiangdu, Li Zhuo the Duke of Huangguo, Li Rong of Dongguan County, and Princess Changle were either forced to commit suicide, or beheaded Cao, or died in exile. Li Tangzong's chamber was almost slaughtered.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

Wu Cao was proclaimed emperor

In the first year of Tianzhi (690), Fu Youyi, the attendant of the imperial family, led nine hundred people from Guanzhong to the imperial court and asked Wu Zetian to be proclaimed emperor. Hundreds of officials, clansmen, foreign relatives, Siyi chiefs, and even monks and nuns, Taoist monks, have been persuaded to advance. Forced by the situation, Li Dan also asked his mother to be called emperor and asked for the surname of Wu.

In September of that year, Wu Zetian was officially called emperor, honored with the title of Emperor of the Holy Spirit, changed the name of the country to Zhou, and was called Wu Zhou in history. Li Dan was demoted to the title of imperial heir, renamed Li Lun, given the surname Wu, and moved to the Eastern Palace, and all ceremonies were compared to the specifications of the crown prince. Crown Prince Li Chengqi was demoted to the title of Imperial Grandson. Since then, Li Dan has become the target of the Wu kings and cool officials, and began a difficult career as an imperial heir.

In the second year of Tianzhi (691), Zhang Jiafu, a close confidant of Wu Chengsi the King of Wei, instigated Wang Qingzhi, a member of the Luoyang people, to gather hundreds of people, and on the grounds that "gods are not of the same kind, and the people are not of the clan", wu Zetian was asked to depose Li Dan as the imperial heir and establish Wu Chengsi as the crown prince. The chancellor Cen Changqian and Ge Fuyuan opposed the change of the imperial heir, and were falsely accused by Wu Chengsi of plotting rebellion and were killed in prison.

Li Zhaode, the attendant of fengge, not only killed Wang Qingzhi, but also took the opportunity to advise Wu Zetian and keep Li Dan's position as imperial heir. Later, however, Wu Zetian held a sacrifice ceremony at the Vientiane Shrine, and in disregard of the ritual system of "the crown prince offering for Ya", he avoided the imperial heir Li Dan, changed it to Wu Chengsi for Ya Sacrifice, and ordered Wu Sansi, the King of Liang, to make the final offering.

In the second year of his long life (693), Wu Zetian's favorite concubine Wei Tuan'er was rejected for seducing Li Dan, and took revenge with hatred, falsely accusing the imperial concubines Liu Shi and The De Concubine Dou of cursing Wu Zetian with witchcraft. Wu Zetian secretly executed Concubine Liu and Concubine Dou and buried them in the palace. Li Dan did not dare to mention the disappearance of the two concubines at all, and he also acted calmly in front of Wu Zetian, as if nothing had happened. Wei Tuan'er also wanted to harm Li Dan, but he was denounced and executed. Soon, ShangFang's supervisor Pei Bandit and Internal Attendant Fan Yunxian were killed for privately meeting Li Dan. Wu Zetian also deprived Li Dan of the right to receive the Gongqing Hundred Officials.

Later, Li Dan was falsely accused of rebellion, and Wu Zetian ordered the cool officials to come to Junchen for trial. Lai Junchen tortured the officials of the Eastern Palace to extract confessions, so that they could "recruit" the truth of Li Dan's rebellion. Legong An Jinzang cut his abdomen in public to show that the imperial heir did not rebel. Wu Zetian was deeply moved, no longer doubted Li Dan, and ordered Lai Junchen to stop the trial. Li Dan was spared because of this.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

King An Guoxiang

In the first year of the Holy Calendar (698), Wu Zetian, persuaded by Di Renjie, Wang Fangqing and other ministers, decided to return power to the Li clan. She ordered someone to go to Fangzhou and take Li Xian, the king of Luling, back to Luoyang. Li Dan claimed several times that he was ill and requested that the position of crown prince be ceded to Li Xian. In September of that year, Wu Zetian reinstated Li Xian as crown prince.

In the second year of the Holy Calendar (699), Li Dan was reinstated as the Prince of Xiang, and his name was changed from Wulun back to Li Dan, and he was also led by the Crown Prince's Right Guard, and later led the Protector of the Northern Capital of Anbei. At that time, in order to mediate the contradiction between the Li clan and the Wu clan, Wu Zetian gathered the sons of the two clans and swore an oath in the Ming Hall to make the two clans coexist in harmony. As a representative of the Li clan, Li Dan participated in the oath of alliance with Li Xian and Princess Taiping.

In the first year of Chang'an (701), the Turkic Mosi Khan led an army to invade the south. Li Dan was appointed Marshal of Tianbing Dao and commanded the armies against the Turks. He did not lead the army, but was only the nominal commander of the Tang Army. Soon, the Turks withdrew, and Li Dan served as the left and right Lin Wei generals.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

Dragon Coup

In the second year of Chang'an (702), the Turks invaded and merged the prefecture. Li Dan was appointed pastor of Hokju Prefecture and served as a marching marshal of Anbuk Province. Later, Li Dan was reappointed as yongzhou pastor.

In the first year of shenlong (705), the chancellor Zhang Kamzhi, Cui Xuanwei and others launched a shenlong coup d'état, killing Wu Zetian's first face Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong, forcing Wu Zetian to be located in Li Xian, in order to serve Emperor Zhongzong of Tang. At that time, Li Dan commanded the Forbidden Army of the Southern Ya, captured Wei Chengqing, Cui Shenqing and other Zhang henchmen, and was worshipped as a lieutenant and a Tongfengge Luantai Sanpin for his merits, participated in state affairs as a prime minister, and was given the title of King of An Guoxiang. Soon after, Li Dan resigned as a lieutenant and governor. Emperor Zhongzong of Tang also wanted to make Li Dan the emperor's brother-in-law, but he refused.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

A coup d'état ascended the throne

In June of the fourth year of Jinglong (710), Emperor Zhongzong of Tang died (legend has it that he was poisoned by Empress Wei). Empress Wei made Li Chongmao the Prince of Wen emperor, changed her name to Tang Long, and became the regent of the imperial court as empress dowager. She sent her cronies to control the Forbidden Army of the Southern and Northern Provinces and the various divisions of Shangshu Province, and wantonly recruited his henchmen, preparing to emulate Wu Zetian and usurp the Tang Dynasty.

At that time, Li Dan, as the emperor's uncle, was worshipped as a lieutenant, and Princess Taiping became the main obstacle to Wei Hou's seizure of the throne. Wei Dang was determined to put the two to death. Li Dan's third son, Li Longji, secretly recruited Hao Jie in The Capital and conspired with Princess Taiping to conspire with Kuang Fu Sheji. Cui Riyong, a soldier's attendant, was originally a member of Wei Shi's party, and because of fear of disaster, he secretly reported Wei Shi's conspiracy to Li Longji.

On June 20, Li Longji, with the assistance of Ge Fushun, Li Xiankai, and other forbidden generals, under the banner of "Reverting the Society, and Establishing the King of Lixiang with An Tianxia", preemptively launched a mutiny, killing Empress Wei, Princess Anle, and their henchmen, and then welcoming Li Dan into the palace to assist Emperor Shao. Li Dan and Li Chongmao ascended the Anfu Gate to appease the people.

At that time, Li Longji was worshipped as the prime minister, enfeoffed as the King of Ping, and commanded the Forbidden Army of Ten Thousand Horsemen, controlling the inside and outside of the imperial city. Forced by the situation, Li Chongmao requested to give way to his uncle Li Dan. At first, Li Dan vigorously resigned, but then heeded the persuasion of Li Longji, Li Chengqi and others and accepted Li Chongmao's abdication. On June 24, Li Dan ascended the throne at the Taiji Hall and ascended the throne for the second time. He ascended the Gate of Chengtian, announced amnesty for the world, changed Yuan Jingyun, and restored Li Chongmao as the King of Wen.

At that time, Li Longji had made great contributions, and Li Chengqi was the eldest son of Concubine, and both had the qualifications to be made crown princes. Li Dan hesitated to do so. Li Chengqi voluntarily resigned from the position of prince on the grounds that "national security is the first to be long-term, and the country is in danger first." Most of the coup heroes such as Liu Youqiu also supported Li Longji. Li Dan then made Li Longji crown prince.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

Zen allows the throne

After Li Longji was made crown prince, his political power grew day by day, becoming the main obstacle for Princess Taiping to interfere in the government affairs of the dynasty. Princess Taiping, in order to protect her power for a long time, wanted to make it easier for the crown prince, so she spread rumors in the government and the public, claiming that Li Longji was not the eldest son of the emperor and was not qualified to be made crown prince, but because Li Dan publicly announced to quell the rumors, she failed to succeed.

She also planted eyes and ears around Li Longji, monitored his daily behavior, and formed a friendship with Dou Huaizhen and other ministers to conspire to kill Li Longji. Later, the contradiction between Princess Taiping and Li Longji gradually became public. She even invited the chancellor to be placed inside the Guangfan Gate of the Xuanzheng Palace, suggesting that they should persuade the emperor to change to crown prince, but Song Jing sternly refused.

In the second year of Jingyun (711), Li Dan heeded the advice of the chancellor Yao Chong, Song Jing, and Zhang Shuo, ordered Li Longji to supervise the state, and stripped Li Chengqi and other kings who might threaten the status of crown prince, and at the same time moved Princess Taiping to Puzhou (蒲州, in modern Yongji, Shanxi). However, Princess Taiping went to Li Dan to cry and complained, and not only stayed in Jingzhong, but also demoted Yao Chong and Song Jing out of the imperial court.

Later, Li Dan wanted to pass the throne to the crown prince, and although he failed to do so under the advice of his courtiers, he entrusted all government affairs to Li Longji, and he only had the power of military affairs, the execution of the death penalty, and the appointment and removal of officials of more than five pins.

In August of the first year of the First Heaven (712), Li Dan appeared due to the appearance of a comet, and The Crown Prince Li Longji retired to the position of Emperor Taishang, but still had the power to appoint officials of more than three pins and the power to adjudicate major criminal cases. Every five days, he received pilgrimages from his courtiers at the Taiji Hall, and still called himself Yuan. Emperor Li Longji, on the other hand, could only call himself "Yu".

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

Xuanzong coup d'état

At that time, Princess Taiping relied on Li Dan's trust and still had a powerful force in the dynasty, five of the seven prime ministers came from her disciples, and most of the civil and military officials were also attached to her. She openly offered to depose the emperor, but failed because the chancellor Lu Xiangxian objected. Later, Li Dan intended to send Emperor Li Longji out of Beijing to patrol the border, but in the end he postponed it for some reason, changing the date to August next year.

In July of the second year of Xiantian (713), in order to regain the power of the emperor, Li Longji preemptively launched the Xiantian coup and led the Yulin army to attack and kill Dou Huaizhen, Xiao Zhizhong, Cen Xi and other Taiping Princess henchmen, and then killed Princess Taiping.

Li Dan first heard of chaos, and avoided chaos with the prime minister Guo Yuanzhen to the Heavenly Gate. When he learned that Li Longji had extinguished the power of Princess Taiping, he issued an edict declaring Dou Huaizhen and others guilty, and then formally returned to the emperor and retired to the Hundred Blessings Hall to recuperate. At this point, Li Longji finally mastered all the government affairs.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

He died of illness

In June of the fourth year of the new century (716), Li Dan died of illness at the Baifu Temple at the age of fifty-five. In October of that year, Li Dan was buried in Qiaoling (in present-day Fengshan, Weinan), with the temple name Ruizong, posthumously honoring Emperor Dashengzhen (The New Book of Tang as Emperor Dashengzhen).

In the eighth year of Tianbao (749), Li Dan was renamed Emperor Xuanzhen. In the thirteenth year of Tianbao (754), Li Dan was added to the title of Emperor Daxingxiao of Xuanzhen.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

How to objectively evaluate Tang Ruizong Li Dan?

The Tang Dynasty lasted for more than three hundred years, producing a total of twenty-eight emperors, and among these twenty-eight emperors, Ruizong Li Dan can be regarded as the most unique emperor. Throughout the 5,000 years of Chinese history, he was named a prince at birth, and then he ascended the throne twice as an emperor, and once was suggested as the emperor's brother-in-law, and finally he was able to die well, only Tang Ruizong Li Dan could do it.

As the son of Emperor Gaozong of Tang and Wu Zetian, because he was not the eldest son, it was still very difficult to get the first place and become emperor in the political environment of the Tang Dynasty.

Later, because Wu Zetian himself wanted to be emperor, he had the opportunity to let Li Dan ascend the throne as emperor. Although he was emperor twice, the events of his reign added up to a total of eight years, but when Li Dan became emperor, he was unable to grasp real power.

Historical evaluation Li Dan is humble and filial piety, studious, and bookish. This is actually a very neat evaluation of Li Dan. Because when Li Dan gave up the throne twice, the first time was to give way to his mother Wu Zetian, and the second time was to give way to his brother Li Xian, and the second time to give up the throne also saved the life of his brother Li Xian.

In Li Dan's life, Li Dan was very good at learning, not only reading a lot of books, but also calligraphy is also very good. The inscription on Wu Zetian's tombstone was written and carved by Li Dan himself.

The reason why Li Dan was able to rise and fall in the political turmoil of the Tang Dynasty and finally died well was mainly because of His extraordinary popularity. When he was not an emperor, Li Dan's life was not very peaceful, and his side was full of swords and light sword shadows, but Li Dan could face it very calmly.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

How should Li Dan's merits and demerits be evaluated?

After Li Dan's death, he was given the temple title of "Ruizong". It can also be said that "Rui" is the evaluation of his life by his descendants, and it is praising him for his wisdom. However, throughout Li Dan's life, most of his actions in the main business had nothing to do with the word "Rui", because his ability was not enough to be competent for the emperor's profession, but more successful in learning. Therefore, he was an unqualified emperor, who did not fulfill his responsibilities and allowed power to be manipulated in the hands of his mother, like a marionette.

If Li Dan has done anything commendable, then his two abdications are indeed wise moves. When he first ascended to the throne, the imperial power had nothing to do with him, because everything in the court was decided by his mother, and he himself had only a false name, and he could not give orders to his courtiers, or even go to the court, so he could not do what an emperor should do. Even under the imperial hall, the main hall could not be used as his own sleeping quarters, which showed how famous this emperor was.

Therefore, Li Dan's abdication is also a matter of sooner or later. However, his mother was indeed very talented and a very suitable figure for the throne. Therefore, Li Dan's decision is actually very favorable to Datang. Without the long reign of Wu Zetian, the Tang Dynasty at that time might not have developed so well, and the later prosperous scene would not have appeared.

The second thing Li Dan did that contributed to the Tang Dynasty was to give way to Xuanzong. When Li Dan's mother and brother died one after another, Li Longji saw an opportunity to pull Wei Hou and others off the horse, thus ending the chaotic situation and handing over the power to Li Dan. However, Li Dan had no intention of ruling the government, and only stayed on the throne for two years, so he let Li Longji take over his position, and it was precisely because of this move that the Tang Dynasty ushered in the most prosperous period.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

Who was the emperor after the abdication of Emperor Ruizong of Tang and Li Dan?

Li Dan was a man who was very close to the throne, he himself came to the world twice, and his parents and brothers were people who ruled the world on the dragon chair, and his son was even more remarkable, creating a heyday during his reign as emperor. Li Dan himself had no intention of taking the throne, but after a brutal struggle, some of his brothers were unfortunately killed, and some were sent to distant places, so he had to ascend to the position that countless people coveted, but he was weak and did not have the ability to be a good emperor, but could only be a puppet emperor at the mercy of his mother.

When Li Dan had been making arrangements on the dragon chair for six years, he told the world to give way to a woman, that is, his mother. In fact, he was forced to do so by his mother. His mother, Wu Zetian, had a strong desire for power, so she sent her sons and daughters to Huangquan Road. Therefore, if necessary, she will not be soft on Li Dan. Li Dan was mild and weak in nature, so he was able to save his life, but in the end he had to make the decision to give up his position to avoid greater pressure and danger.

After more than ten years, Wu Zetian finally passed away, and Li Xian, who had gone away from home, once again ascended to the most prominent position. However, the emperor's actions made the Li clan very dissatisfied, and all kinds of struggles did not stop, and when he was poisoned to death, this struggle also reached the point of triggering. Later, Li Dan's son finally found an opportunity to raise an army and once again sent the throne to Li Dan, giving him a second chance to come to the world.

Although this opportunity was very rare, Li Dan still did not have much desire for imperial power. Therefore, two years later, he hurriedly bid farewell to the emperor's throne and let his son, Li Longji, sit on the dragon chair. In fact, this move of his is very wise, because he is not the material of the emperor, and his son is, so it is very appropriate for him to be the emperor.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

How did Tang Ruizong Li Dan die?

Wu Zetian had two sons who had two experiences of ascending the throne twice, but one son eventually died of death, while the other son was able to die well, and this relatively lucky son was named Li Dan. Wu Zetian had many children in his life, except for one daughter who died in infancy, the other children all came to adulthood smoothly, but most of them did not have a good ending, but Li Dan was the luckiest, because he had no ambition, and he was also very respectful to his mother, and once gave the throne to the very ambitious mother.

It is precisely because of Li Dan's gentle personality that he also lived in peace in the palace, rather than being brutally killed by his mother like his two elder brothers. In fact, Li Dan was not suitable for being an emperor, and there were several very good princes in front of him, all of whom were good materials for being emperors, so it was not his turn to ascend to the throne. However, because he had a very strong mother, the brothers who opposed his mother fell one after another, and his mediocre brother became the Son of Heaven.

If his brother could keep to himself, then he would not have a chance to ascend to the highest position, but his brother was bent on obeying his wife's request and letting his father-in-law gain great power, which angered Wu Zetian, so he was quickly abolished, and the whole family was forced to move to a desolate area. Therefore, the throne also fell to Li Dan's head.

However, although Li Dan had the most honorable title, the real power was still in the hands of his mother, he was like a puppet, and he himself was very obedient to his mother's arrangement, so he was very peaceful when he first became emperor. Soon after, Li Dan was forced to give way due to the situation, and he became the prince again, until his son launched a coup to regain real power, and he sat back on the dragon chair. However, perhaps he really had no intention of taking the throne, so he gave way again after only two years, and he retired in the palace as the emperor of the etheric empire until he fell ill and died a few years later.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

Who is Tang Ruizong Li Dan's father?

Emperor Gaozong of Tang (21 July 628 – 27 December 683), courtesy name Shan, was the third emperor of the Tang Dynasty (reigned 15 July 649 – 27 December 683), the ninth son of Emperor Taizong of Tang, li Shimin, the mother of Empress Wendeshun's eldest son, the crown prince Li Chengqian, and the prince Li Tai of Wei.

In June of the second year of Zhenguan (628), Li Zhi was born in the Lizheng Hall of the Eastern Palace. In the fifth year of Zhenguan (631), he was crowned king of Jin, and the later crown prince Li Chengqian and his second son Li Tai the Prince of Wei were deposed one after another, and in the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643), he was crown prince. In the twenty-third year of Zhenguan (649), Emperor Taizong of Tang died, and the crown prince Li Zhi took the throne as Emperor Gaozong of Tang.

At the beginning of His reign, Emperor Gaozong of Tang continued to implement the various political and economic systems formulated by Emperor Taizong, and Li Ji, Changsun Wuji, and Chu Suiliang jointly assisted the government. Because he was diligent in government affairs, he was "the people of Fu'an, and there was a legacy of chastity, which is called "the rule of Yonghui" in history." Emperor Gaozong also insisted on his own views on the issue of deposing the empress, eliminating interference from the Elder Faction.

After five years of Xianqing (660), Emperor Gaozong was often dizzy and dizzy, which affected the handling of government affairs. Empress Wu took the opportunity to participate in major national affairs. Emperor Gaozong's health was not good, and the trend of transferring power from Emperor Gaozong to Wu Zetian gradually took shape.

During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, he destroyed the Western Turks (657), Baekje (660), and Goguryeo (668). During the reign of Emperor Gaozong, the Tang Dynasty was the largest, stretching from the Korean Peninsula in the east, expanding the Aral Sea in the west, encompassing Lake Baikal in the north, and reaching central Vietnam in the south, and lasted for thirty-two years.

In the first year of Hongdao (683), Emperor Gaozong of Tang died at the Zhenguan Temple at the age of fifty-six and was buried in Qianling. The temple name is Gaozong, and the title is Emperor Tiandi. In the eighth year of Tianbao (749), he was added to the title of Emperor Daisei Emperor, and in the thirteenth year of Tianbao (754), he was added to the title of Emperor Daiho of The Great Sage.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

Who is Tang Ruizong Li Dan's mother?

Wu Cao (武曌[ zhào] (624 – December 16, 705), also known as Wu Zetian, was a native of Wenshui Prefecture (文水, in modern Wenshui County, Shanxi). A statesman from the Tang Dynasty to the Wuzhou Dynasty, the founding monarch of wuzhou (reigned 690-705), and the only orthodox female emperor in Chinese history, the oldest to ascend to the throne (67 years old) and one of the longest-lived emperors (82 years old).

Wu Zetian was the second daughter of the Governor of Jingzhou. At the age of fourteen, he entered the harem and was a talented person of Emperor Taizong of Tang and was given the title of "Wu Mei". Emperor Gaozong of Tang enfeoffed Zhaoyi, and Yonghui became empress in the sixth year (655) after the "deposing of Wang Liwu" incident. In the first year of the First Yuan Dynasty (674), he was named "Queen of Heaven", and together with Emperor Gaozong, he was called "Second Saint" and participated in the government of the dynasty. After Emperor Gaozong's death, he served as the empress dowager of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang and Emperor Ruizong of Tang.

In the first year of Tianzhi (690), Wu Zetian was proclaimed emperor, changed the name of the country to Zhou, and set the capital Luoyang, called "Shendu", and established Wuzhou. Before and after his reign, he "clearly observed and made good decisions", had many powers and strategies, knew people and was good at duty, attached importance to the selection of talents, and created a system of palace examination, martial arts and examination of officials. He also rewarded Nongsang and reformed the administration of officials. At the same time, he wantonly killed the Tang Dynasty clan and gave rise to "cool official politics". Militarily, the four towns of Anxi were recovered and stabilized, and the Later Turks surrendered for a time. In his later years, he gradually became extravagant and arbitrary, and gradually gave birth to maladministration.

In the first year of the Shenlong Dynasty (705), Wu Zetian fell ill and the chancellor Zhang Kamzhi launched the "Shenlong Revolution", supporting the restoration of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang and forcing him to abdicate. After Emperor Zhongzong restored the Tang Dynasty, he gave him the title of "Emperor Zetian Dasheng". In November of the same year, Wu Zetian died in Shangyang Palace at the age of eighty-two. Emperor Zhongzong obeyed his will and changed his name to "Empress Zetian Dasheng" and buried qianling as an empress. Later, she was nicknamed "Empress Zetianshun".

Wu Zetianzhi is a skilful person, involved in literary history, and has quite a poetic talent. There are "Hanging Arch Collection" and "Golden Wheel Collection", which are now in existence. The Quan Tang Poems contain its poems.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

Who is Tang Ruizong Li Dan's brother?

1. Li Hong (653-675), a native of Chengji, Longxi (present-day Qin'an County, Gansu Province). The fifth son of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, the eldest son of Empress Wu Zetian, the first posthumous crown prince of the Tang Dynasty.

In the sixth year of Yonghui (655), he was enfeoffed as the King. In the first year of Xianqing (656), he was made crown prince. Filial piety and benevolence, compassion for the people. It was suggested that the unreasonable law be amended, and intercede for the two sisters who had been convicted, and organize the compilation of the "Yaoshan Jade Cai", which was deeply favored by Emperor Gaozong of Tang. In the second year of the First Yuan Dynasty (675), he accompanied Luoyang and died suddenly at the age of twenty-three in the Qiyun Hall of hebi Palace. Emperor Gaozong of Tang and Wu Zetian were deeply saddened and posthumously honored the emperor and buried in Gongling with the gift of the Son of Heaven.

In the early years of the Shenlong Dynasty (705), Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, Li Xianzun, ascended to the temple and was given the title of Yizong. In the sixth year of the new century (718), his heir Li Longji revoked the title of Yizong Temple and reused the filial piety to the emperor.

2. Li Xian (李贤; 29 January 655 – 13 March 684), courtesy name Mingyun, was a native of Chengji, Longxi (present-day Qin'an County, Gansu). Emperor Zong of the Tang Dynasty, chancellor, sixth son of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, second son of Empress Wu Zetian.

Yonghui was born in January 655 and was first enfeoffed as King Lu. He received a good education from an early age, and studied with Wang Bo, one of the "Four Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty", as a princely attendant. Handsome in appearance, dignified in demeanor, quick in thinking, deeply loved by his father Li Zhi. In the second year of the First Yuan Dynasty (675), after the death of the crown prince Li Hong, he was made crown prince, during which time he supervised the state three times, and was praised by Emperor Gaozong of Tang, supported by the government and the public, and jealous by Empress Wu. In the second year of The Revelation (680), he was deposed as a commoner on charges of treason and exiled to Bazhou. In the first year of civilization (684), after Wu Zetian deposed the emperor and took power, he committed suicide for the cool official Qiu Shenxun, who was only twenty-nine years old.

In the first year of the Imperial Arch (685), he was crowned king of Yong. In the second year of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang (706), he posthumously awarded situ the title of official and buried Qianling with the courtesy of prince. In the second year of Emperor Jingyun of Tang Ruizong (711), he posthumously honored Prince Zhanghuai and was buried with crown princess Fang. He once summoned civil officials to annotate the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, which is called "Zhang Huai Notes" in history, which has high historical value. He is the author of books such as "The Rise of The King and the Emperor", "The Records of the Spring Palace", and "The Essentials of Self-Cultivation", which are now extinct.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

3. Emperor Zhongzong of Tang (26 November 656 – 3 July 710), originally known as Li Zhe, was a native of Chengji, Longxi (present-day Qin'an County, Gansu). The fourth emperor of the Tang Dynasty, the seventh son of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, Li Zhi, and the third son of Wu Zetian. He reigned twice, from 683 to 684 and from 705 to 710.

In november of the first year of Xianqing (656), Li Xian, born in Chang'an, was initially crowned King of Zhou and later king of Ying. After Li Xian, the crown prince of Zhanghuai, was deposed, Li Xian was made crown prince. In the first year of Hongdao (683), the emperor took the throne, and the empress dowager Wu Zetian was in charge of the dynasty. In the first year of Guangzhai (684), he was deposed as the King of Luling and moved to Junzhou and Fangzhou. In the first year of the Holy Calendar (698), Luoyang was recalled and restored as crown prince. In the first year of the Shenlong Dynasty (705), he was restored to the throne at the Tongtian Palace.

During Li Xian's reign, he restored the old system of the Tang Dynasty, waived rent, set up ten inspectors, set up a scholar of the Wenguan, defeated the Later Turks, and made the Tang Dynasty begin to control the southern desert for a long time again. Develop economic and cultural exchanges with Tubo, and marry Princess Jincheng to Tubo Zampu ruler with Zhudan.

Emperor Zhongzong of Tang reigned twice, reigning for a total of five and a half years, and Died in June 710 in the fourth year of Jinglong (710) at the age of 55.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

Who are Tang Ruizong's wives?

1. Empress Liu, the wife of Tiefa, was born in the Tang Dynasty, Li Xian, Princess Shouchang, and Princess Li Huawan of Daiguo, and was executed by Wu Zetian and posthumously honored as Empress Shunsheng of Suming.

Empress Liu (1693), empress consort of Emperor Ruizong of Tang and granddaughter of Liu Dewei of the Punishment Department, and her father Liu Yanjing (劉延景) served as the Assassin of Shaanzhou.

During the Yifeng period, Liu Shi entered the Xiangwang Mansion as a palace maid, and soon gave birth to the eldest son, Li Chengqi, Princess Shouchang, and Princess Daiguo. In the first year of civilization (684), Li Danzeng was enthroned as Emperor Ruizong, and Concubine Liu was made empress. In 690, Emperor Ruizong gave way to his mother Empress Wu and was also called crown prince, and Liu Shi remained a crown princess.

Empress Wu's nephew Wu Chengsi instructed Wei Tuan'er to falsely accuse Crown Princess Liu and Concubine Dou of conspiring to cast a spell on Wu Zetian. In the first month of the second year of longevity (693), Wu Zetian secretly killed the crown princessEsque Liu Shi and the De concubine Dou Shi who had entered the palace to see him after the heavenly sacrifice at the Vientiane Shrine.

In the first year of Jing yun (710), he posthumously honored Empress Suming and buried her soul in the south of the eastern capital, linghuiling. In 716, Emperor Ruizong collapsed and moved to the Qiao Tombs.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

2. Dou Defei, side chamber. Li Longji, Princess Jinxian, and Princess Yuzhen of the Tang Dynasty were executed by Wu Zetian and posthumously honored as Empress Zhaocheng Shunsheng

Empress Dowager Dou (7th century?–693), concubine of Emperor Ruizong of Tang and mother of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. Will be the great-granddaughter of the great-master Dou Kang. His grandfather Dali Qing and Duke Dou of Xinguo were born, and his father, Runzhou, stabbed Shi Dou Xiaochen. The Dou clan is known as graceful and gentle, and the rules of movement and etiquette are followed.

When Li Dan was king of Xiang (675-678), dou was a widow and was very courteous. In the first year of the Guangzhai dynasty (684), Li Dan succeeded to the throne, and she was crowned as a concubine. The following year, Princess Dou De gave birth to Li Longji, and two other daughters, Princess Jinxian and Princess Yuzhen. In the second year of the first year of the zaichu dynasty (690), Wu Zetian deposed Li Dan, demoted him to the position of imperial heir, and moved to the Eastern Palace.

In the second year of longevity (693), Hu Shu Tuan'er falsely accused her and the imperial concubine Liu Shi of cursing Emperor Wu Zetian for being disgusted with the witches. On the second day of the first lunar month, the imperial concubines Liu Shi and Dou Shi met Emperor Zetian at the Jiayu Palace, and after retiring, they were killed at the same time. People don't know where their bodies are. Emperor Ruizong of Tang was restored to the throne, and empress Dowager Zhaocheng was given the title of Empress Dowager Dou, and was buried in the form of a summoning soul in the south of the capital, with the name Jingling. It is also in the Jingshi Li Temple, called Yikun Temple. After Tang Ruizong's death, because Dou shi was the emperor's mother, he was posthumously honored as the empress dowager, and his title was still the same, and he buried the bridge tomb and moved the god lord to the Taimiao Temple.

3. Wang Defei was a native of Qi County, Taiyuan (present-day Qi County, Shanxi). One of the "Four Concubines" of Emperor Ruizong of Tang, Mei Chang, the Duke of Xueguo.

Proficient in musical rhythms, beautiful appearance. In his early years, he married Li Dan the Prince of Yu and gave birth to Li Ye the Prince of Huixuan, Li Huashan, the Princess of Huaiyang, and Li Yu, the Princess of Liangguo, and was favored by Emperor Ruizong of Tang for many years. Died young, buried in the bridge mausoleum. His son, Li Ye, was raised by Concubine Wang Fangmei.

The wonderful life of Tang Ruizong Li Dan

Who are Tang Ruizong Li Dan's sons?

Tang Ruizong Li Dan had six sons, the eldest son Li Chengqi, the second son Li Chengyi, the third son Li Longji, the fourth son Li Longfan, the fifth son Li Longye, the sixth son Li Longti, except for the sixth son who died early, the relationship between the other five sons has always been harmonious and obedient.

1. Emperor Li Xian: Emperor Ruizong's eldest son, real name Chengji (679-741). He gave up the throne to Emperor Xuanzong, and was known as Emperor Ren and King Fengning. Good at drawing horses. Kaiyuan Xingqing Pond NanhuaZun downstairs on the wall of the six horses rolling, the Inner Ming Emperor loves jade face Hua Cong, said that there is no fiber to know, the wind mane is foggy, xin Wei Ruye. Died at the age of sixty-three.

2. Li Shu, the Crown Prince of Huizhuang, the second son of Tang Ruizong, also known as Li Chengyi, was known as the Prince of Huizhuang.

3. Tang Xuanzong Li Longji (685-762), Emperor of the Tang Dynasty (reigned 712-756), Li Longji was the third son of Li Dan of Ruizong, the temple name "Xuanzong", and because of his courtesy name "Emperor Daming Of the Great Dao", he was also known as Emperor Tang Ming. There is also a honorific title "Kaiyuan Shengwen Shenwu Emperor". The reign of Emperor Xuanzong was a critical period for the tang dynasty to change from prosperity to decline.

4. King Qi (?-726), the fourth son of Emperor Ruizong. Originally named Long Fan, avoid the emperor to remove the two. Zheng, the first king, changed his title to Gong, demoted baling, made King Jinqi Taichangqing, and made the governor of the prefecture, the governor of Lizhou, and the prince of Qian. Eager to learn the book, love Confucianism, gather books, paintings, all cherished in the world. Biography of Tang Shuben

5. Prince Huixuan (?) –735) Li Ye,formerly known as Li Longye (李隆業), was changed to avoid Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. The fifth son of Emperor Ruizong of Tang, Li Dan, was the mother of Princess De, the half-sister of Princess Huaiyang and Princess Liangguo. He was later made crown prince of Huixuan. Li Ye first created the King of Zhao, and later the King of Zhongshan, and was given the title of Water Messenger. He was also the King of Xue, the Grand General of Yulin and the Governor of Jingzhou. He was conferred the post of secretary and supervisor for his studiousness. In the early years of the new century, he entered the prince Shaobao, that is, bai Taibao, and served as the assassin of Lizhou.

6. The sixth son of Li Longti, the King of Sui, and Li Dan of Tang Ruizong, he was first enfeoffed as the King of Runan. Go early. Emperor Ruizong posthumously made this eldest son king and gave him the title of governor of Jingzhou, but unfortunately he was not a servant.

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