On the morning of June 29, the ceremony of awarding the "July 1st Medal" was solemnly held in the Great Hall of the People. Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the People's Republic of China and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, awarded the "July 1st Medal" for the first time and delivered an important speech, solemnly commending a group of party members who have made outstanding contributions to the party and the people and created valuable spiritual wealth. Academician Lu Yuanjiu, advisor to the Science and Technology Committee of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, was awarded the "July 1st Medal", and he is also the oldest comrade among all 29 "July 1st Medal winners".
Lu Yuanjiu
Lu Yuanjiu, male, Han ethnicity, was born on January 9, 1920 in Lai'an County, Anhui Province. He received his Ph.D. in Instrumentation from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1949, returned to China in May 1956, began his career in August, and joined the Communist Party of China in December 1982. Academician Lu Yuanjiu is an expert in gyroscope, inertial navigation and automatic control in China, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and an academician of the International Academy of Astronautics, and is one of the pioneers of automation science and technology in China, and has made outstanding contributions to the development of China's control technology, especially inertial technology, and its application in carrier rockets.
Below, let's learn about the deeds of Academician Lu Yuanjiu, learn from his patriotic dedication, pioneering and innovative spirit!
In 1920, the last Xiucai Lu Zi Zhang was pleased with Takako. This day is the ninth day of the first month of the ninth year of the Republic of China, so it is named "Yuan Jiu".
In the summer of 1936, when Lu Yuanjiu was preparing to apply for the university, he suddenly fell ill and even had difficulty walking. Therefore, he failed to take the college entrance examination that year, but followed his father to study and review by himself. During this period, Lu Yuanjiu received guidance from many teachers, who pointed out that there were problems in Lu Yuanjiu's learning methods and helped him correct them, which had a profound impact on his life. Lu Yuanjiu realized that "learning" can only be mastered by self-study, and later when guiding young people, he always emphasized the cultivation of self-learning methods.
In 1936, Lu Yuanjiu's graduation album of Nanjing Middle School and High School was photocopied
Later, Lu Yuanjiu was admitted to the Central University, National Jiaotong University and Nantong Textile Institute with excellent results. However, the war is raging and the situation is even more turbulent, and no one knows what will happen tomorrow. In this case, Lu Yuanjiu first received the admission letter from the Central University, and he immediately entered the school to go through the enrollment procedures.
At Chuo University, Lu Yuanjiu entered the Department of Aeronautical Engineering to study engines, and all he learned was the latest knowledge in the world. Because he is smart, can endure hardships, and has good grades, the teacher has put forward higher requirements: "It is good for you to choose some other people's classes." In this way, Lu Yuanjiu not only studied the course of engine major, but also extensively contacted the knowledge of aeronautical engineering, laid the foundation of two professional knowledge, and made sufficient reserves for the future construction of knowledge building, which is of great significance to improving the level of scientific research theory.
Commemorative group photo of grade 29 students of the Department of Aeronautical Engineering of National Central University (Lu Yuanjiu in the back row from the left)
After graduating from university, Lu Yuanjiu worked as a teaching assistant at the school while preparing for the exam abroad, and finally obtained the qualification to study in the United States at work expenses. In 1945, Lu Yuanjiu entered the Department of Aeronautical Engineering of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, and was part-time a graduate student under the name of "teaching assistant". After six months of teaching assistant work, Lu Yuanjiu chose instrumentology to continue his studies. This major is not only one of the most famous majors in the Department of Aeronautical Engineering, but also learns knowledge that he has never heard of in China.
When Lu Yuanjiu studied instrumentation, he did not dare to slack off in the slightest, getting up before 7 o'clock every morning and rarely resting before 11 o'clock at night. Kung Fu pays off. In less than two years, Lu Yuanjiu completed the study of the basic course with full honors.
In the autumn of 1948, Lu Yuanjiu was in the United States
In 1949, Lu Yuanjiu passed the dissertation defense of his doctorate and became the first doctoral student of Professor Dreb of Instrumentology. Under the leadership of the world's "father of inertial navigation technology", Lu Yuanjiu has entered the forefront of this discipline.
In 1980, he welcomed his mentor Professor Dreb to visit China
Studying in a foreign country, the experience of discrimination has made him "not home". In order to avoid the hardships of returning to China after completing his studies, Lu Yuanjiu also deliberately avoided sensitive professional fields. In 1950, Lu Yuanjiu was transferred to a laboratory to study the structural dynamics of the destructive effects of atomic bomb explosions; in 1954, he went to the Science Laboratory of the Ford Motor Company in the United States as a research engineer and chief engineer, secretly preparing to return to China.
In 1955, Lu Yuanjiu saw a notice on the bulletin board of the post office, to the effect that: "According to the agreement reached in Geneva between China and the United States, Chinese in the United States, including international students, who voluntarily return to China can now go back, if there is any difficulty and need help, you can contact the Indian Embassy in the United States..." After seeing the announcement that he could return to China, Lu Yuanjiu was excited in his heart. Upon confirmation, he immediately made the decision to return to his home country. However, the road back home is long and difficult. After several twists and turns, at the end of April 1956, Lu Yuanjiu finally returned to the motherland with his wife.
Family photo of Lu Yuanjiu's family in 1956
After returning to China, Lu Yuanjiu achieved gratifying results in scientific research and teaching, he was assigned to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, participated in the preparation of the Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, successively served as a researcher, director of the research office, deputy director, and participated in the research and development of inertial navigation technology and team building.
From 1956 to 1965, the research and development project had a direction but no task, and could only find tasks and talk about cooperation everywhere. In this case, on the one hand, Lu Yuanjiu first practiced his internal skills, accumulated strength, and waited for the jump, on the other hand, he carried out research on automatic control of aircraft, air-to-air missile control, hydraulic and pneumatic actuators, starlight navigation, infrared unguided and its seeker technology in the Automation Research Institute. In addition, gyroscopic and inertial navigation work was carried out. Since there were no processing conditions and equipment at that time, Lu Yuanjiu's team could only do some sporadic work and study individual components in depth.
In 1964, Lu Yuanjiu's book "Gyroscope and Inertial Navigation Principles (Volume I)" was published. The book is one of the earliest monographs on inertial technology in China, and has played an important role in promoting the development of inertial technology in China. From 1964 to 1965, Lu Yuanjiu continued to write the next volume of the book and basically completed it. Due to the transfer of work location, Lu Yuanjiu took the manuscript to the Changchun Institute of Optics and Precision Machinery to continue to check and revise. Unfortunately, the main part of the manuscript was later lost in the "Cultural Revolution" raid home, becoming an irreparable loss.
In the autumn of 1965, Lu Yuanjiu presided over the establishment of the Liquid Float Inertial Technology Research Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and concurrently served as the director of the research office, leading the team to carry out the development of a single-degree-of-freedom liquid float gyroscope, a liquid floating pendulum accelerometer and a liquid float gyro stabilization platform in China. At the same time, under the auspices of Lu Yuanjiu, China's first large-scale precision centrifuge began to be developed in Changchun. During the period, Lu Yuanjiu participated in the compilation of flight control professional textbooks of the University of Science and Technology of China, and also participated in the formulation of the inertial navigation system program of China's ships and the cultivation of technical forces, advocating the development policy of "components first, test equipment first", which played a positive role in the development of China's inertial technology.
During the Cultural Revolution, the rebels decided that Lu Yuanjiu was a spy sent back by the United States as a cover for his entire family, on the grounds that lu Yuanjiu's family of five could not voluntarily return to China. "The conditions in the United States are so good, why do you want to return it?" What is it not to be a spy? In the face of this, Lu Yuanjiu has remained silent. Even so, he never gave up hope, and he only laughed at the days when he was "criticized" and squatted in the "cowshed".
In 1977, Song Renqiang, the minister of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry, came to Lu Yuanjiu's home to understand the situation, and when he left, he said: "We will try our best to arrange work for you." Not long after, a paper transfer order came down, and Lu Yuanjiu was transferred to the director of the Beijing Controller Components Research Institute.
In 1978, at the age of 58, Lu Yuanjiu was transferred to the 13th Institute of the Seventh Machine Department as the director. He did not feel the feeling of loss, but worked desperately with the belief of making up for the lost time in the "Cultural Revolution", and he secretly resolved: No matter what difficulties he encountered, he must proceed from the national interests and the development of inertial technology, put aside selfish distractions, bravely move forward, and do his own work well.
In less than a year as director, he has made three technical decisions of "two breaks and one stand": stop the development of electrostatic gyroscopes; stop the development of free rotor velocity gyroscopes using eddy current moments; and set up a project to develop a platform using free rotor gyroscopes and pendulum accelerometers. This can make the institute "earthquake", everyone is talking about it, Lu Yuanjiu's attitude is very clear, he is not afraid of controversy about technical issues, the reason is more and more clear; some technical solutions are not absolute, but relative, as long as the general direction of technology is right, it should be "better" choice according to the specific conditions at that time; each person has different selection criteria, and it is understandable to form different opinions.
Since 1984, Lu Yuanjiu has been working in the Aerospace Science and Technology Commission. He first served part-time as chief engineer of the Ministry of Aerospace Industry in 13 institutes, and was transferred to the full-time Standing Committee of the Science and Technology Commission in early 1984. For decades, in addition to participating in the work of the Science and Technology Commission on the industry-wide carrier rocket and satellite review, research, failure analysis, etc., Lu Yuanjiu has also directly participated in some practical work in inertial technology. His profound knowledge, rigorous style and rich engineering experience have played a role in promoting the development and promotion and application of new inertial devices.
Lu Yuanjiu (left) discusses the three-axis platform with the developers
Under the care, guidance and support of Lu Yuanjiu, researchers of new optical inertial devices in aerospace systems have overcome one key technical difficulty after another, obtained a number of core technologies and technological key technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and demonstrated the outstanding innovation ability of Chinese astronauts in the field of new technologies.
In addition, Lu Yuanjiu also worked with the comrades of the 13 institutes to not only make the scientific research strength and various types of construction of the institute enter a relatively mature stage, but also played an important role in the program demonstration and flight test data analysis of several satellites, spacecraft, carrier rockets, and missiles. Lu Yuanjiu also guided the demonstration of the inertial guidance scheme of the new generation of carrier rockets according to the development trend of foreign inertial technology and the domestic technical foundation, and determined the calculation scheme of the single-degree-of-freedom gyro composition platform based on the new support technology through the analysis, calculation and necessary experiments of some schemes.
Lu Yuanjiu used his own experience and words and deeds to teach the new generation of Chinese astronauts: As long as they make unremitting efforts and actively develop, as long as they have the core technology of independent intellectual property rights, China's aerospace will certainly be able to occupy a place at the forefront of the world's science and technology, and Chinese astronauts will certainly be able to stand in the forefront of the world's scientific and technological development.
Lu Yuanjiu (second from right) with graduate students
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Source/ China Aerospace Science and Technology International Exchange Center Official Micro
Editor/Yang Sishuang
Audit/Yang Jie
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