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This is the last article in Du Fu's series, through the first two "There is one to say one, Du Fu's poems in the textbook, what can children learn?" " / "I know that Du Fu is very good, but I don't know that he is crazy and miserable!" Everyone knew more about Du Fu.
But the question is, some students will be curious, I know what Du Fu did? The exam does not often test his poetry, and after learning it, it is not very helpful for my study.
Du Fu is different from Li Bai, Li Bai's poems are exported into chapters, and Du Fu's poems are more changed one by one, which means that there are laws, and finding laws can be used by me.
I don't write poetry, so what do I use?
Write an essay!
Du Fu's poetry has a great characteristic, he has done the best in almost every poetic form, whether it is ancient or near, he has made a peak. Of course, the absolute sentence is better written by Li Bai, but the narrative poem Du Fu is an absolute god.
What we have to learn is Du Fu's narrative poetry, by drawing on the essence of his narrative poetry, so that our narrative compositions are also written more wonderfully.
Without further ado, Xiao Ban Dad led everyone to appreciate the subtleties of Du Fu's poetry.
Du Fu is not only a poet, but also a poet, which I explained in the previous article, but there is not much explanation of poetry history.
Some students may be curious, why is the history of poetry Du Fu and not someone else?
First of all, how the title of history of poetry came from.
It turned out that a Tang Dynasty man named Meng Tang (qǐ), who was the first to call Du Fu's poetry "Poetic History". But everyone remembers, he does not mean that all of Du Fu's poems are "poetic history", but that the poetry of Du Fu's anshi chaos and exile from the Longshu period is a poetic history.
Because many of the poems he wrote during this period were narrative poems, mainly about the real life of the people, truly recording the real life and major events of the society at that time, such as officials coming to arrest Zhuang Ding again, and the husband and wife just got married and had to be separated. In these poems of his, we can see the living conditions of the people at that time, just like a history book.
epic
It is a kind of poetic theme. It portrays characters in the form of poetry, a kind of poetry that expresses emotions by writing human narratives.
Simply put, his poetry can be viewed as a historical story and can reflect the history of the time, so it is called "poetic history".
For example, if you read his "New An Official", "The man is absolutely short, why guard the royal city?" ", you will know that the war is so cruel, and you will go to the battlefield before you have reached adulthood."
If you read the "One Man With a Letter, Two Men Die in the New War" in "The Stone Trench Official", you will understand that the damage caused by war to the people will be so great that three children in a family will die two in battle, and the other may be on the way to death in battle.
After reading "The Four Suburbs Are Not Quiet, the Old Age Cannot Be Peaceful" in "Farewell to the Elderly", you will know that when you are old, you will also go to the battlefield, and you will not be peaceful when you are old.
Similarly, there are epic poems such as "Soldier Carriage Line", "Li Ren Xing", "Five Hundred Words from Beijing to Fengxian County", "Northern Expedition", "Mourning King Sun", "Sorrowful Chen Tao", "Sorrowful Qingsaka", and the most representative is the "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" written during the Anshi Rebellion.
Therefore, if someone asks what is the representative work of Du Fu's poems that best explain the "history of poetry", the students can answer that it is his narrative poems "Three Officials" and "Three Distinctions". They are ("New An Official", "Stone Trench Official", "Tongguan Official") and "Three Farewells" ("New Marriage", "Dying Old Farewell", and "Homeless Farewell").
Poetry is the source of literature, it can be said that a poem is a small article, in which the selection of words and sentences, writing techniques, image expressions, etc., are condensed with the basic knowledge of language and composition skills.
Xiao Banpa said earlier that Du Fu's poems are mainly divided into two categories, one is lyrical, and the other is narrative, in which narrative poetry to Du Fu has reached a small climax in the history of poetry. His narrative poems are full of characters, diverse in style, and most importantly, they can also move people.
Before him, the literati wrote very few narrative poems, and even fewer narrative poems about the people. Du Fu's narrative poems are not only numerous, but also of high quality, and the realistic style is also obvious. It is also of great help for our students to write narrative essays.
I take Du Fu's five-word narrative poem as an example:
The country breaks the mountains and rivers in,
The city spring grass is deep.
Feel the flowers splash tears,
Hate other birds to be frightened.
Beacon Fire in March,
Family letters are worth ten thousand gold.
Whitehead scratches shorter,
I can't help it.
Spring hope
Du fu
• Contrast scenes
The first four sentences of this poem are all written about scenes, and we usually write scenes, and the writing is very ordinary, and may even be completely flowing accounts.
Let's take a look at how Du Fu wrote in this poem.
The first sentence "The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is deep in spring grass and trees" The capital of the country was invaded but the mountains and rivers were still there, and the weeds and trees in Chang'an City grew wildly.
The first thing to write is the vision, how can the vision be seen? Remember an action and look up! First write the scene that you can see when you look up, which Du Fu also used in the "Absolute Sentence", such as "two yellow orioles singing green willows, a line of egrets on the blue sky", all of which can only be seen when you look up.
In this poem, there is a more important way of writing, using contrast in the scene, such as the mountains and rivers are still there, but the country is ruined; the city should be like spring, but it is overgrown. In the comparison of the two groups, a contrast is formed, setting off an atmosphere of withering.
Write a close-up, which is the view that you can only see when you look down. The scenery of the second sentence is mainly flowers and birds, the method used is anthropomorphic, the flowers obviously do not shed tears, but Du Fu prefers to say "flowers splash tears", birds simply fly around, Du Fu wants to say "birds are alarmed", with the help of birds and flowers to express his inner sorrow.
Therefore, when you write the scene, you may wish to learn how Du Fu "looks", first looking from a distance, writing out the scenery you look up and seeing in contrast, and then looking closely, using an anthropomorphic techniques to the scenery you see. The scenery written in this way is not only an image, but also able to combine with one's own emotions.
• Exaggerated love
All the scenery descriptions are for the emotional expression of the back, and the first four sentences can be said to be the atmosphere group, which first sets off the sad atmosphere. The following four sentences can enter the theme.
Because both poetry and articles have their rhythm, the sad atmosphere will lead to sad things, and if you start writing, today the sun is shining, and then say that there is a war, it will be very strange.
How to make your grief even sadder? Du Fu gave a good example, a little exaggeration, a little more sadness.
"Beacon fire for three months, family letters to ten thousand gold", Beacon fire is talking about war, lasted a spring, may not be so long, said that the war has been fought for so long, more highlight the cruelty of war.
The result is that the family is separated due to war, and a family letter can be worth the gold, in fact, how can a letter be so valuable, which is more exaggerated than Li Bai's "thousands of gold scattered and returned".
Du Fu here uses exaggerated techniques to express the urgent feeling of longing to reunite with his relatives, which naturally resonates with people and achieves famous sentences that have been recited through the ages.
"The white head scratches are shorter and the desire is overwhelming", this exaggeration is more obvious and more direct. Because of the war, Du Fu was not only worried about the people, but also worried about his relatives, and his white hair was getting shorter and shorter, so little that he could not even insert a hairpin, which showed the depth of his sorrow.
This poem is similar to Li Bai's "three thousand feet of white hair, and the fate is like a long one", but Li Bai's sorrow causes the white hair to grow too long, and Du Fu's sorrow causes the white hair to fall out. One exaggeration is more, one exaggeration is less, which has played a very good expression effect.
Therefore, when expressing emotions, being good at using exaggeration will make your emotional transmission more vivid and easy to understand.
Of course, Du Fu also has many excellent ancient poems, "Spring Hope" is just a representative narrative poem, through the appreciation of this narrative poem, students can know that narrative writing is skilled.
First of all, when writing the scene, pay attention to the combination of the long-range and close-up scenes, and you can use contrasting and anthropomorphic techniques, so that you can integrate your emotions into the scenery, which is what the teacher often says about the blending of scenes.
Then there is the writing of love, the main thing about writing love is to impress people, and the clever use of exaggerated techniques will make your article read more "affectionate".
In addition to the above two techniques, there are also some commonly used techniques in the poem, and Xiao Ban Dad has also sorted it out. Students who need it can enter poetry skills in the WeChat public account dialog box to get it.
Finally, let's talk about this question that many students are curious about.
Whether it's good or not, this judgment will not be said first, let's talk about their respective styles.
Students who have read my previous articles should remember that extravagant and ethereal is specifically used to describe Li Bai's poetic style, in fact, Du Fu also has a special term to describe his poetic style.
Depressed!
Some students listened, and these words were recognized individually, but when they were connected, they didn't know what they meant.
No hurry, the little half of the father to analyze one by one, after saying that everyone will understand.
Melancholy, speaking of the deep melancholy of his poetic feelings. Because his poems have written a lot of suffering, and his own life is not good, so when he writes poetry, his feelings are relatively low.
Suddenly frustrated, it is said that his poetry writing method. Just like writing brush words, the pen edge presses down to stop, called dun, and after turning the pen edge is slightly loose and turns, it is called frustration. It is said that Du Fu's poetry is not written in one breath like Li Bai, but twists and turns, whirlwinds, and gentle turns, and constantly turning is called a setback.
This characteristic determines that his poems will have a strong emotional fluctuation, and the ancient poems written are more likely to move people.
Li Bai would also despise the magnates, Li Bai would say, "An can crush the eyebrows and bend the waist of the magnates, so that I can't be happy", but Du Fu said, "The savages are open and shameless, how can they be among the princes for a long time";
The same is to write friendship, Li Bai said"I send my heart and the bright moon, with the wind until the night Langxi", Du Fu said "So with Jinshui will be double tears, better than Qu Tang Pre-pile", a floating, a depression, the comparison is obvious.
By comparing it with Li Bai's poetry, you will find that there are two obvious characteristics of depression and frustration.
The first is that his feelings are more pessimistic, and he seems to have a melancholy attribute, and he rarely has happy things.
The second is that his writing style is very tense, one will be sad, one will be happy, and then one moment may be crazy.
Therefore, Li Bai and Du Fu can be said to be two different styles, one dashing and one melancholy, but they also became their own kings in the field of poetry.
To evaluate the merits of a poem, many times your subjective imagination is very important. Some people think that Li Bai's poems are good, maybe he is a free and dashing person, and the poems written by Li Bai are naturally very appetizing to him. Some people like Du Fu's poems, maybe he is in a bad mood recently, or he has his own melancholy temperament, and reading Du Fu's poems is naturally easy to resonate.
Therefore, li bai and Du Fu's poetic emotions and techniques have reached a first-class level, and it is difficult for their poems to be superior or inferior. You can say that you like Li Bai, but you can't say that Li Bai's poems are better than Du Fu's, you can like Du Fu, and you can't say that Du Fu must be better than Li Bainiu.
The so-called radish cabbage, each has its own love. I want to say that Li Bai is a genius, Du Fu is a talent, and both are talents who have never met in a thousand years.
EASTWEST
The purpose of this article is to let students understand Du Fu's poetry, which mainly includes the following 3 knowledge points:
❶ The reason why the poems of Saint Du Fu are called "poetic history" is because many of his poems truly record the historical process of the Tang Dynasty's transformation from prosperity to decline, which can be described as a national misfortune poet.
❷ Du Fu's poetic characteristics can be described as melancholy, that is, his poetry is deep and melancholy, and his poetry writing skills are full of tension.
❸ Writing narrative essays, you can use contrasting scenes, exaggerated writing, so that the article reads both vividly and emotionally rich and moving.
Resources:
Du Fu was depressed and frustrated by the original meaning of exploring the original_Zhang Anzu
The English translation of the common rhetorical grid in Du Fu's poetry is Zhai Yinglu
"History of Poetry" says that the original meaning is discerned by Li Ke
Teacher Dai's magic poetry class
Article pictures: collected on the Internet, the copyright belongs to the author of the pictures, invaded and deleted.