Subphylum Discoplasma - Cystaceae
Dothideomycetes is a subphylum of ascomycetes, which contains 11 orders, 90 families, 1,300 genera, and more than 19,000 species. Traditionally, most fungi of this class have been counted as loculoascomycetes, but this classification is no longer accepted. Some of the traditional morphological features originally thought to be in this class are now found not to be special, and the current division is based on a comparison of DNA sequences.
classify:
Subclass Dothideomycetidae
Suborder Pleosporomycetidae
The status of the undetermined object
Botryosphaeriales
Microthyriales
Patellariales
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The suborder Dothideomycetidae (scientific name: Dothideomycetidae) is a subclass of ascomycetes, including dothideales, myriangiales, and capnodiales. The ascomycetes of this suborder fungus lack paraphysis, pseudoparaphysis, or paraphysoid between the ascomycetes.
Subordinate categories:
Capnodiales
Dothideales
Myriangiales
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="17" >(1) coal barium</h1>
The order Capnodiales ( ) is a diverse order under the suborder Ofsophyllaceae .
Originating in the family Capnodiaceae, it is a brown fungus that looks a lot like peat and forms black patches on the leaf surface, which are associated with insects that eat the plant.
The order Coal Torch consists of the following eight families:
Antennulariellaceae
Capnodiaceae
Coccodiniaceae
Davidiellaceae
Pseudo-coal-coniferidae (Metacapnodiaceae)
Coccidiaceae (Mycosphaerellaceae)
Prichometriaceae (Piedraiaceae)
Teratosphaeriaceae
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="29" >(1) Coal Barmatology</h1>
Capnodiaceae is a family of 1 Cystaceae. The mycelium of the family fungus is dark or black, mostly in a string of balls, often with bristles or attached branches, and the surface of the attached stem branches and leaves is coal soot-colored, which is a dense or spongy cover, so it is also called coal mold and smoke mold. Ascomycetes are small, spherical, monocotyledonous, with orifices, with pseudolates or completely digested.
Fungi in this family are widely distributed, especially tropical and subtropical. Some of them belong to leaf surface saprophytic bacteria (which provide nutrients by honeydew secreted by aphids or mesozoans), and some are heavy parasitic bacteria (parasitized on other fungi) or leaf surface parasitic bacteria (invading the host by the suction device), which affect the photosynthesis of the host due to shading.
According to G. C． Ainsworth (1971) records that there are 250 species in 95 genera under the family. The most harmful species are citrus coal and smoke-colored thorn shell shell that harms citrus plants; Fute coal and tea mallet shell that harm tea; and ordinary rubber shell shell that harms coffee.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="33" >(2) Small Daiwei mold</h1>
The lesser Davelineaceae ( scientific name : Davidiellaceae ) is one of the families of the fungal family Cystoschidae .
The undergraduate was only established in 2006 as a result of research in molecular phylogenetics to accommodate the genus Davidiella that cannot be classified in other families and other asexual (anamorph) coal-constellation fungi.
underling:
Cladosporium
Davidiella
Cladosporium , also known as Brownosporium , is a mold that produces conidia , including molds common both indoors and outdoors. Its colonies range in color from olive green to brown, so they are often confused with Aspergillus. However, the difference between mycobacteria and Penicillium and Aspergillus is that the hyphae also have a color, and the colony as a whole shows a dark color.
Mycosporium is most commonly found on live or dead crops. Some are pathogens of crops, while others are parasitic on crops. The spores of Mycobacterium are dispersed by the wind, so they are usually abundant in the air outdoors. Indoors, when the moisture is too heavy, they will grow on the surface of the appliance.
Mycobacterium is rarely pathogenic in humans, but skin and toenail infections have been reported, in addition to sinusitis and lung infections. If not treated in a timely manner, these infections can progress to diseases such as pneumonia. Airborne mycospores are extremely important allergens that can cause a widespread attack of asthma or allergic reactions in patients with respiratory diseases. Long-term exposure to it may lead to a degeneration of the immune system. Mycosporidium does not produce any major mycotoxins, but it can be associated with the odor of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
The damage of the genus Mycosporidium to plants can not only cause leaf spots and thus affect leaf photosynthesis, but also infect stems and fruits. Infections usually start in the lower position and gradually rise, and the underlying leaf surface is usually the most severely affected. On the upper leaf surface, the gray-green spots gradually turn yellow, and on the lower leaf surface, the bluish-green markings that appear from the accumulation of a large number of spores expand. When wet, a dense layer of purple-gray mold will grow on the spots, which is caused by the conidia and secondary spores of this bacterium. When the symptoms of the two parts meet, the leaves will dry up and fall off. The bright green fruit eventually becomes dull in color and leather-tough on the surface. They winter primarily in mycelium or mycelium blocks in infected plants.
The main expansion route is through the spores in the suitable environment with the help of air flow, scattered on the field plants, and then invaded the leaf stomata to reproduce. The disease is more common in tomato cultivation sites, but has also been reported in bell peppers and peppers. It is also relatively common on bell peppers. As long as the environment is suitable, infection can be carried out multiple times in a growing season, and there are obvious differences in resistance between different varieties. Humidity will have a greater impact on its growth, if the relative humidity is less than 80%, it is not conducive to its growth; the optimal temperature for its growth is 9-34 ° C.
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Coccidioidaceae ( scientific name : Mycosphaerellaceae ) is a family of fungi of the cystic fungus Cystaceae . Many of the species in this family are plant pathogens that affect many common plant varieties, such as eucalyptus, myrtle family, etc., and Proteaceae, etc., which are widely distributed.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="46" >(2) Cystacetes</h1>
The order Dothideales (scientific name: Dothideales) is an order under the order Cystaceae, also known as the order Cyspermum or the order Pseudophyllum.
The ascomycetes of this order are ovate to club-shaped, bilayered, and often grow in bundles in small, spherical, oroporous ascomycete cavities, with no lateral or pseudo-lateral filaments between the ascomycetes. The ascomycete cavity is born on a cushion-shaped or spherical-shell-shaped substation containing single or multiple ascomycete cavities.
This heading is divided into 3 families, 5 families or 8 families according to the author, with about 100 genera and 400 species. Cystaria, Pseudococcus and Cyperaceae are essential members of this purpose.
In this purpose, Staphylococcus albiflorum parasitizes on white elm, Floating Cystacea parasitizes on garnets and incense trees, and Cystaceae grows on various deciduous trees and shrubs.
Banana cocci cause banana leaf spot disease, pear cocci cause pear leaf spot disease, and staphylococcus cause grape black pox, which is an important fruit tree disease in China.
Subordinate Sections:
Dothideaceae
Dothioraceae
Pseudococcus pycnogeneae
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="56" >(3) Polyluminal order</h1>
Polyluminal fungi ( scientific name : Myriangiales ) are fungi of the ascomycete fungus , which are mainly composed of plant pathogens.
One chamber and one ascomycete, without pseudo paraphyses, have a near-spherical ascomycete, and the ascomycetes disintegrate layer by layer from top to bottom, exposing the ascomycetes and releasing spores.
The ascomycete cavity is born on a cushion-like substack or in glial bodies, and each cavity contains only a single spherical or nearly ovate ascomycete. Ascomycete bilayer wall. Before spore launch, the inner wall of the ascomycete expands and elongates (2 to 3 times that of the original ascomycete). The spores shoot out forcefully from the small holes at the tip of the inner wall, and the empty sacs shrink into their original shape. The spores of the ascomycetes are multicellular, with a longitudinal and transverse septum, brick grid. Most parasitize on higher plants and a few parasitize on insects. It is widely distributed, especially in the tropics.
E.S. Letrell (1973) divided this order into more than 100 species in about 40 genera in 4 families: Polyluminalaceae, Glial LuminalAceae, Cystocystaceae and Sassellae. Polylucos are the most typical family of this order, which represents the ovary of the genus Polyluminal bacteria exposed to the host body or substrate, divided into asparticle part and infertility part, and the ascomycete is irregularly distributed in the upper part of the ovary (ascomycete part).
Polyluminal fungus is a parasite of bark mesophyllum. Bamboo sheath polylumen fungus is parasitic in China on the bamboo knots of Guanyin bamboo and light bamboo. The substitutes of the genus Crust cystics are born under the epidermis of plants, breaking through the epidermis and exposing, the ovary is not coated, and the asexual stage is the scab cyspore genus, representative species are citrus scab cystic fungus and grape crust cyst fungus as well-known plant pathogens.
Erikson (2006) divides this into two categories:
Scab cystics, there are ten genera
Polyluminal family, there are four genera
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The suborder Pleosporomycetidae is a suborder of ascomycetes under the order Ascomycetes, including hysteriales, Jahnulales, Mytilinidiales, and Pleosporales. An important feature of this suborder is the presence of pseudoparaphysis between the ascomycetes of the fungus of this suborder. A mimetic filament is an infertile filament that grows down from the top of the ascomycete center and fuses with cells at the base.
Hysteriales
Pleosporales
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The order Pleosporales ( scientific name : Pleosporales ) is an order of Cystaceae.
Aigialaceae
Pleosporaceae
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The order Staphylocosa ( scientific name : Botryosphaeriales ) is an order of fungi of the order Cystaceae.
Staphylococcus (Botryosphaeriaceae)
Phyllostictaceae
Planistromellaceae
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Microthyriales ( ) is a one-order fungus of the order Cystaceae.
Fungi of this order are parasitic or saprophytic bacteria of tropical plant leaves.
The fungus of this order ascomycetes are epiphytic, or born under the epidermis, flattened, semicircular or shield-like, with pseudo-soft tissues in the lower part, solid substitutes in the upper part, single or multi-cavity, borrowed holes or cracked seams. There are core tissue types of the genus Lattice spores, and the mycelium is mostly dark and epiphytic on the plant host, but the mycelium of some genera is completely or partially endogenous, and the mycelium of some genera can form attached branches.
Subfamily: Microthyriaceae
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Subfamily: Patellariaceae
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