Fairy shrimp with high water quality requirements came from 100 million years ago
The red-bellied squirrel crosses the city and breaks into a ring road
After recovering from the black swan wounds, he settled in Kumseong Lake
The inconspicuous little yellow flowers on the side of the road are rare plants
……
Animals use their feet and wings
Plants, on the other hand, use their seeds
A thumbs up for Chengdu
Today, the fifteenth Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) opened in Kunming, Yunnan. What is biodiversity? According to the newly released White Paper on Biodiversity Conservation in China, "biodiversity" is the sum of the ecological complexes formed by organisms (animals, plants, microorganisms) and the environment, as well as various ecological processes related to them.
Chengdu, a habitat where humans, animals and plants coexist in harmony, where biodiversity is emerging – according to the 2020 Chengdu Biodiversity Monitoring Report, Chengdu is one of the biodiversity-rich areas with diverse ecosystem types.
Plant diversity
More than 1,000 species of such plants have increased in Chengdu in 10 years
Increase knowledge——
At the end of 2020, 4459 species of vascular plants had been recorded in Chengdu, an increase of 1069 species compared with 3390 species recorded 10 years ago.
Among them, there are 6 species of wild plants under national level I key protection, such as tung tree, yew tree and one-leaf grass; and 38 species of wild plants under national level II key protection include fragrant trees, nan trees, and fragrant fruit trees.
The world's major gymnosperm genera are distributed in Chengdu
Affected by the terrain and climate, Chengdu is rich in plant species. For example, in terms of gymnosperms, 10 families of gymnosperms native to China have appeared in Chengdu; only 3 families of gymnosperms in the world (Araucaria, Martenidae and Centauraceae) have no natural distribution in Chengdu; and the world's major gymnosperms are distributed in Chengdu.
The Chengdu city tree Ginkgo biloba is a gymnosperm, and there are thousands of years old trees in and around many temples. According to the survey data of Chengdu Park City Construction Administration, there are 2,042 ancient ginkgo trees in Chengdu, mostly in towns and villages and their vicinity.
Ancient buildings and ginkgo trees complement each other
In addition, among all the districts (cities) and counties in Chengdu, the largest number of ancient trees is Dujiangyan City, followed by Dayi County. The largest variety of ancient trees is in Dujiangyan City, followed by Qingyang District. Dujiangyan City is the largest in Chengdu in terms of number and variety, and Qingyang District is the largest in the main urban area.
Qingcheng Mountain: Plant species naming pattern specimen origin
There are 31 species of endemic plants in Chengdu, the vast majority of which appear in the western mountainous areas, namely Pengzhou, Dujiangyan, Chongzhou, Longmen Mountain and Qionglai Mountain system from Dayi to Qionglai, but Dujiangyan (especially Qingcheng Mountain) is the most concentrated, including Qingcheng Primrose, Guanxian Maple, Qingcheng Yu, Zhi-beaked Phoenix Fairy Flower, Guanxian Pepper and so on.
It can be seen from the distribution of chengdu's endemic plants that they are mostly distributed in places where the natural environment is well preserved and protected. At present, chengdu ranks among the top plant species in the capital cities of the country. In addition, Mount Qingcheng is also an important source of nomenclature specimens of plant species, and the number of pattern specimens may be second only to Mount Emei in Sichuan.
Mount Qingcheng
144 crops are home in Chengdu
Chengdu's crops are also abundant, with a total of 144 species, including cereals, beans, potatoes, oil, Chinese herbal medicines and so on. Among them, it is worth mentioning that the origin of the Chinese herbal medicine Chuanqiong is in Dujiangyan City, Chengdu.
Chengdu has a diverse terrain and climate, suitable for the growth of a variety of Chinese medicinal materials, with Longmen Mountain and Qionglai Mountain as the core, mainly planting Sichuan Dome, Sichuan Ming Ginseng, Yujin, Magnolia, Huanglian, etc., with an annual sowing area of 10,000 hectares.
Among them, Chuanqiong has a cultivation history of thousands of years in Dujiangyan City. In addition, Pengzhou is the largest production base in the country's Sichuan Dome planting area, of which Ao Ping Town has the most planting, and is the famous "Hometown of Chuan Dome".
Animal diversity
In 2020, Chengdu recorded 75 new species of animals
In 2020, Chengdu recorded a total of 700 species of terrestrial wild animals, including 129 species of mammals, 496 species of birds, 33 species of amphibians, 42 species of reptiles, 29 species of national first-level key protected animals, and 120 species of national second-level key protected animals.
Compared with the 625 species of terrestrial wild animals recorded in 2018, the number of newly recorded animal species in Chengdu in 2020 totaled 75 species, including 1 species of national first-level key protected animals and 6 species of national second-level key protected animals.
Last year, 9 species of birds arrived in Chengdu
On September 25 this year, in the Xinjin section of the Jinma River, the Chengdu Expert Advisory Committee on Wildlife Conservation management and epidemic source disease prevention and control found a yellow-breasted bunting while carrying out bird monitoring work in Chengdu. The yellow-breasted bunting is classified as "critically endangered" in the IUCN Red List and has been rated as a first-class key protected animal in China.
Not only the yellow-throated bunting, but many more birds have come to Chengdu for the first time. In 2020, on the edge of the Jinjiang River in Huayang, Tianfu New District, a flock of seagulls danced. This red-billed, red-footed seagull, scientifically known as the red-billed gull, is commonly known as the "water pigeon" and likes to gather in coastal ports and lakes. In previous years, Dianchi Lake and Lugu Lake in Yunnan were important wintering habitats for red-billed seagulls, but in the past two years, they have also found a new wintering habitat in Jinjiang, Xinglong Lake and other places in Chengdu.
According to the 2020 Chengdu Bird Monitoring Report released by the Chengdu Bird Watching Association, the record of bird species in Chengdu has reached 498 species, and 9 species of birds were recorded last year, namely the black-throated diving bird, the Chinese autumn sand duck, the black-necked crane, the short-toed bird, the Hainan floribund, the grassland bird, the brown-crowned crane falcon, the white-throated spotted buzzard and the seagull.
73 wild giant pandas live in the wild in Chengdu
In Chengdu, it has to be mentioned that the giant panda.
Chengdu is the only megacity in the world with wild giant panda and captive giant panda resources. In October 2018, the Giant Panda National Park Administration was officially established in Chengdu. Subsequently, the three provincial administrations of the Giant Panda National Park Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu were established respectively. The park covers most of the wild giant panda population and its habitat, and there are 1631 wild giant pandas living in the park.
Among them, the Chengdu area of the Giant Panda National Park is located in the northwest of the Chengdu Plain, involving four counties (cities) of Dujiangyan City, Pengzhou City, Chongzhou City and Dayi County, with an area of 1459.48 square kilometers. This area is a key corridor belt hub for the genetic exchange of giant panda populations in the Qionglai Mountains and Minshan Mountains. According to the fourth national panda survey, there are 73 wild giant pandas in the Chengdu area of the Giant Panda National Park.
In addition to giant pandas, you can also "encounter" many national key protected animals such as snow leopards, antelopes, and golden snub-nosed monkeys here. Every time they "appear", they will bring surprises and attract attention.
Giant panda Xue Kang photography
Distribution of biodiversity
The wildlife in western Chengdu is more abundant
Chengdu's wild animal and plant resources are mainly distributed in the Longmen Mountain area of Dujiangyan City, Pengzhou City, Qionglai City, Chongzhou City and Dayi County, and the regional wild animal and plant species account for more than 80% of Chengdu.
Wild flora and fauna distribution areas overlap
Plant diversity contributes to the diversity of vegetation, providing food sources and habitats for animals. Animals and plants achieve each other and together form the ecological complex of Chengdu.
Taking mammals as an example, the areas with high animal species richness in Chengdu are Qionglai, Dayi, Chongzhou, Dujiangyan and Pengzhou, of which Dujiangyan City has the highest species richness, the highest proportion of endemic species is Dayi County, and the highest proportion of national key protected species is Qionglai.
Tiantai Mountain Scenic Area
In which environment do these beasts mainly live?
According to statistics, the distribution of mammals is the highest in Chengdu's forest habitat, followed by low mountains and shrubland hills. Both habitats are dominated by large and medium-sized mammals, which require food and shelter. In addition, human activities are dense in the habitats of residential farmland, and most of them are small mammals closely related to humans, such as brown rats and yellow-breasted rats, as well as several small and medium-sized carnivores that mainly feed on small mammals and occasionally attack poultry.
Compare the distribution of natural vegetation in Chengdu——
The natural vegetation of Chengdu is mainly distributed in the qionglai mountains and longmen mountains in the west, and the well-preserved ones are mostly found in the Heishuihe Nature Reserve, Xiling Snow Mountain, Qionglai Tiantai Mountain in Qionglai City, Anzihe Nature Reserve, Jiguan Mountain, Jiulonggou in Chongzhou, Longxi Hongkou Nature Reserve and Qingcheng Mountain in Dujiangyan City, Baishuihe Nature Reserve, Longmen Mountain, Jiufeng Mountain and Jiudingshan Nature Reserve (East Slope) in Pengzhou.
Artificial vegetation allows small animals to make their home in the city
In addition to natural vegetation, Chengdu's artificial vegetation is also very rich, mainly distributed in the central, north road, south and east of the plains and hilly areas below 800 meters above sea level, mainly plantations, bamboo forests, economic forests, farmland vegetation and public green land vegetation (including parks, gardens, shelter forests and street trees, etc.). The increase in artificial planting has provided habitat for small urban animals.
Urban greenery
In June this year, the squirrel "advanced" into the first ring road, once again brushing up the circle of friends of Chengdu people. According to reports, squirrels can be seen in Baihuatan Park, Wangjiang Park, WuhouCi Southern Suburb Park and other places on the first ring road in Chengdu. Liu Shaoying, a researcher at the Sichuan Academy of Forestry Sciences, also confirmed this: "From the situation we currently have, squirrels can be seen in many communities within the first ring road. ”
It is reported that the squirrels that appear on the first ring road in Chengdu are red-bellied squirrels. As arboreal animals, red-bellied squirrels spend almost their entire lives in trees, and even when migrating, they are accustomed to jumping from one tree to another. If the distance between the two groves is too far, it would rather abandon the migration. Therefore, in Liu Shaoying's view, the migration of red-bellied squirrels from the periphery of the city to the city center proves that Chengdu has formed a continuous urban forest. Otherwise, if there is only a forest in the city center, the red-bellied squirrel will never migrate.
Red-bellied squirrels
"This is actually a practical manifestation of Chengdu's growing biodiversity." According to the relevant person in charge of the Chengdu Municipal Park City Construction Administration, the increase in biodiversity resources reflects that Chengdu has strengthened the protection and census of local biological resources and found more plants around it. On the other hand, it also shows that Chengdu has strengthened the introduction and cultivation of plants in recent years for the cultivation, development and utilization of germplasm resources, which has played a greater role in urban greening and beautification.
Red Star News Intern Editor Xiang Caixia Synthesized the "2020 Chengdu Forest Resources and Forestry Ecological Status Announcement", "2020 Chengdu Biodiversity Monitoring Report", "2020 Chengdu Bird Monitoring Report" Chengdu Ecological and Environmental Bureau Official Website Chengdu Daily Micro Chengdu, etc
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