In the impression of many people, the northeast is a high-latitude bitter cold land, the richness of vegetation is certainly not as good as tropical and subtropical, what good fruit can be eaten? In fact, some plants prefer colder areas, and in the vast northeast black land, it is also related to the characteristic small "wild" fruits that are not easily seen in the interior. More than 10 species are introduced, in no particular order.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="41" > "lantern fruit"</h1>
Northeast tea sativa
European gooseberry
The first, "lantern fruit". The name originally referred to the Northeastern tea sativa /Ribes mandshuricum of the genus Teahopa in the family Teahoceae, but this species is unacclimated, usually in the wild, the yield is not high and difficult to collect; the current "lantern fruit" refers more to the European gooseberry /R. reclinatum of the same family, an introduced cultivar, which can be planted in front of and behind the house, making harvesting more convenient. The fruit order is obviously different, the northeast tea leaf is a long bunch of fruit, and the European gooseberry is a single or only two or three bunches.
The name "lantern fruit" comes from the appearance: the fruit handle is the rope that ties the lantern, the sepals are equivalent to the lantern spikes, and the longitudinal vascular bundles visible on the surface are like the skeleton supporting the lantern. When sold, it is usually blue-green, extremely sour, and the taste is crunchy, many northeasterners like this mouthful, and when cooked, it will turn red and soft, and the acidity will decrease.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="46" > "foreign girl"</h1>
Gross acid slurry
The second, "mushroom lady", also known as "mushroom lady fruit" or "northeast mushroom lady", is the hairy acid pulp of the solanaceae genus Physalis philadelphica. Native to the Americas, there are a large number of introduced species in the northeast region of China, and some of them are wild. Its berries are moderately sweet and sour, quite delicious, and the yellow-white "paper" on the outside is a calyx, which in the jargon is "enlarged into a bladder when the fruit is larger than the berries, and completely surrounds the berries". Bladder-like, hahaha, or better to say "sac-like"...
Physalis alkekengi
There is also a native "red girl", that is, the sour pulp/P. alkekengi of the same genus or the variant hanging golden lamp/var. Francheti, which is distributed throughout the country except Tibet, is not exclusive to the northeast. It is characterized by "orange or fiery red calyx" and a sour taste, which is far from the "mushroom lady". To say more, the solanaceous acid pulp genus also has a lantern fruit / P. peruviana, native to South America, Guangdong, Yunnan cultivation more, the fruit and "foreign girl" is almost the same, it is difficult to distinguish, the market "foreign girl" is not easy to say which species.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="51" > "shanding"</h1>
Mountain wattles
The third species, "shanding", is the vitex/Malus baccata of the apple genus Rosaceae. It cannot be regarded as a specialty of northeast China, but Heijiliao and Inner Mongolia are the main production areas, and Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and other northern provinces are also distributed. The flowers are white and beautiful, and the spherical fruits of reddish yellow after autumn persist until the snow falls. The fruit is raw and dry, difficult to swallow, and after processing, it becomes delicious, and my Colleague from Harbin once mentioned that it was a snack that I used to eat when I was a child.
In addition to the fruit that can be processed as a small food, it has other important uses. This species grows luxuriantly, strong hardiness, China's northeast, North China commonly used rootstock to graft apples and bonuses, its root system is deep and long, the results are early and productive. A variety of wattles, especially large-fruit variants, can be used as the raw material for breeding hardy apple varieties. In addition, there are many strains of the popular ornamental tree species "North American Begonia" that have the pedigree of Vitex.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="53" > "black sky" & "yellow day"</h1>
Dragon Flower
The fourth type is "black sky" and "yellow day". "Black Sky", solanum nigrum of the genus Solanum in the solanaceae family, is a common annual herb. When the berries are immature, they are blue-green, and the dragon is high in alkali and poisonous; when ripe, it is purple-black, slightly sour and sweet. However, it is not very delicious, and when I saw it in childhood, it was mostly out of the ritual sense of "I have come, I have seen, I have eaten". This kind is widely distributed throughout the country, not to mention a northeast specialty, and the brick family did not pick it up when he was a child.
Yellow fruit dragon flower
But! In addition to "black days", there are also "yellow days", which is rare to see. "Huang Tian Tian" is a tetraploid variant of Dragon Flower Dragon Flower/var. Flavovirens, the plant is not much different from the "black day", but the small berries are yellow-green when ripe, and it is said to be larger and sweeter than the "black sky". This variant belongs to the "small population", which is only found in northeast China, Inner Mongolia and parts of Hebei, just like a treasure said, it is a "rare variety in northeast China".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="57" > "black beans"</h1>
Black tea sativa
Black tea grass, Shangzhi City stone river seed
The fifth species, "black bean", that is, "blackcurrant", the black tea sativa/R. nigrum of the genus Teahopper in the family TeaHogandaceae, and the "Lantern Fruit" is a family of gooseberries that will become purple-black when ripe, also known as "blackcurrants", which may be the most well-known and economically valuable of the gooseberries. In our lives, it usually appears in the form of dried products or jams, and fresh fruits are very rare, perhaps only seen in the northeast region.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="60" > "mountain eggplant"</h1>
Blue indigo
Blue indigo, Shangzhi City Stone River
The sixth species, "mountain eggplant", is a variant of the honeysuckle family Sapphire honeysuckle/Lonicera caerulea var. Edulis, it seems, also has what it calls "Black Blind Fruit". The fruit is a "compound fruit" bred by two flowers, blue-black slightly covered with white powder, slightly odd in shape, close to oval, with a significant depression at the apex. In addition to the northeast, parts of the northwest and southwest are also distributed, but the cultivated varieties introduced abroad are mainly planted in the northeast. It is said that the taste is sweet and sour, and some people say that it is a little bitter, and the details are unknown.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="62" > "persimmon"</h1>
The seventh species, "Persimmon", is a Bilberry/Vaccinium uliginosum of the genus Bilberry in the rhododendron family, one of the wild blueberries. The berries are nearly spherical, blue-black after ripening, with a white powder on the surface, about 1 cm in diameter, good sour and sweet taste, and can be used for brewing and jam, and can also be made into beverages. Domestic only in the north of Daxing'anling (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia), Jilin Changbai Mountain, belongs to the pure northeast special wild fruit, also distributed abroad.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="64"> "Yamaniko"</h1>
Akiko Rashi
The eighth species, "mountain pear", is a species of autumn pear/Pyrus ussuriensis of the genus Rosaceae, which is distributed in Heijiliao, Inner Mongolia and several other northern provinces, and is abundant in the northeast. The fruit is yellow when ripe, small in the wild, and hard in texture, and must be plucked for a few months to soften before it is delicious, and the taste is sour and sweet. Don't think that "mountain pear" is just a yamano village man, it can also enter the hall, the common perfume pear, ann pear, sour pear, sand fruit pear, Jingbai pear, duck Guang pear and so on belong to the cultivated varieties of this species.
Add a knowledge point. It is said that the apple in the world is one, but the fruit pear contains several species, in addition to the autumn pear: white pear / P. bretschneideri, Hebei duck pear, snowflake pear, ivory pear, etc., Shandong's nest pear, goose pear, drop pear and long handle pear, shanxi's yellow pear, oil pear, summer pear and red pear, etc. belong to the white pear; sand pear / P. pyrifolia, Anhui Xuancheng's sydney pear, Zhongshan's crisp pear are sand pears; in addition to Western pear / P. communis.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="66" > "round dates"</h1>
Soft date kiwifruit
"Kiwiberry"
The ninth species, "round jujube", is the northeastern pronunciation of the soft date kiwifruit/Actinidia arguta of the genus Kiwi in the family Kiwi. The fruit is spherical or oblong, glabrous, greenish yellow or purple-red when ripe, like a miniature version of the hairless kiwifruit, which can be used for raw food, winemaking, processing preserved fruit, etc. Foreign imports of "kiwiberries" are also this species. The "footprints" of this species travel throughout the north and south of the motherland, from the northernmost Bank of the Heilongjiang River to the Wuling Mountains in the southern guangxi, which are not specialties of the northeast.
Dog date kiwi
Kudzu kiwi
p.s. There are also two similar species: jujube kiwi/A. kolomikta, commonly known as "dog jujube", produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces, with the three northeastern provinces being the most prosperous, followed by Sichuan; and ge jujube kiwifruit/A. polygama, commonly known as "kudzu jujube", is more widely produced than jujube kiwifruit. I feel that the "round dates" that many people in the northeast say are not soft jujube kiwis, but more like dog jujube kiwis.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="68" > "mountain grapes"</h1>
The tenth species, "mountain grapes", also officially known as mountain grapes /Vitis amurensis, at first glance looks similar to the cultivated grapes/V. vinifera, with different details. The fruit is round and rumbling, purple-red when ripe, with a white cream on the outside, which can be eaten raw or brewed. The species is found in both the north and the south, and the main production area is the three northeastern provinces, which is the most cold-resistant species in the grape genus, especially the northeast population, and may be used as a wild germplasm resource for improved cultivation of grapes.
Finally, the reason why the "wild" word for the small "wild" fruit in the northeast is in quotation marks is because there are many species that are actually cultivated artificially, but people are accustomed to or like to call it "wild fruit". The "wild" fruit fields in the northeast are far more than these, and there are wild hawthorns, "trays", wild strawberries, etc., which will not be repeated and will be decomposed next time.