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Since ancient times, overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia have established 7 countries here

Since ancient times, overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia have established 7 countries here

Since ancient times, overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia have established 7 countries here

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Today I will tell you about the history and talk about which countries the Chinese have established in Southeast Asia since ancient times.

Republic of Lanfang

Luo Fangbai was born in Meizhou, Guangdong Province in 1738, and when he grew up, he participated in the township examination many times but failed repeatedly, so he could only make a living as a teacher.

Later, the coastal area set off a boom of gold mining in the South Seas, Luo Fangbai changed his name to Luo Fangbo, and took more than 100 relatives and friends around him to cross the ocean and go to Indonesia to pan for gold.

In 1772, the 37th year of Qianlong, the 34-year-old Luo Fangbo arrived on the island of Kalimantan in western Borneo.

There are a large number of gold mines, tens of thousands of Chinese panning for gold here, in addition to hundreds of thousands of indigenous people, the local government is weak and chaotic, so Luo Fangbo established the Lanfang Company in a very short period of time to organize the local farmers and miners, form their own independent armed forces, and eliminate the local Tiandihui and other armed organizations, unify the western part of Borneo, and monopolize the local gold mining industry.

By 1776, the company had an army of 30,000 and hundreds of thousands of civilians, far more than the size of a company, and was recognized by the Sultan, the ruler of the Malay Kingdom.

In 1777, the Lanfang Company was renamed the Lanfang Republic, established a presidential system, established a democratic self-government, and Luo Fangbo became the first president of the Lanfang Republic, and the official language was Meizhou Hakka.

Since ancient times, overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia have established 7 countries here

The capital of the Republic of Lanfang was set in Dong Wanlu, in present-day Indonesia, near the South China Sea.

Since ancient times, overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia have established 7 countries here

The Republic of Lanfang has its own history.

Since ancient times, overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia have established 7 countries here

There is even its own currency.

After the establishment of the Lanfang Republic, he sent people to Beijing to meet Emperor Qianlong, hoping to incorporate the Lanfang Republic into the territory of the Qing Dynasty, or become a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty, and give Luo Fangbo the corresponding fame and title.

In addition to the presidential system, almost all other basic political structures of the Republic of Lanfang were modeled after the Qing Dynasty, and even the military uniforms were made according to the style of the Qing army.

Since ancient times, overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia have established 7 countries here

Although as long as you nod your head and agree to become the backer of the Lanfang Republic, you can receive the Lanfang Republic or one more vassal state, but the Qing Dynasty rulers have no sense of the sea, are not interested in overseas colonies at all, regard the Chinese who have traveled overseas as outcasts of the Celestial Empire, and do not have enough understanding of the importance of the Lanfang Republic occupying an important maritime artery, so they neither recognize nor accept the Lanfang Republic, and do not want to send it to the door.

Despite this, Luo Fangbo did not give up his loyalty to the Qing Dynasty until his death, and before his death, he explained to the people that no matter who is the leader of the country in the future, the heart of submitting to the Qing Dynasty will never change, waiting for the day when the Qing Dynasty is willing to accept the Lanfang Republic.

It's a pity that the Lanfang Republic has been inherited for 110 years, and it didn't wait for the day when the Qing government took it over until he died.

In 1886, the Dutch colonists invaded Southeast Asia and sent troops to attack the Republic of Lanfang, which was unable to resist and was destroyed.

In 2018, the cemetery was officially inaugurated in Dong Wanlu Town, Wanna District, Sika Province, Indonesia, to commemorate the 280th anniversary of Luo Fangbo's birth.

Singapore's founding prime minister, Lee Kuan Yew, has always regarded Lo Fong Bo as his idol, and has repeatedly compared himself to Loh Fong Bo in public.

This is the former Chinese independent regime, the Republic of Lanfang.

Dai Yan Kingdom

Wu Yuansheng, a native of Meixian District, Meizhou City, Guangdong, planned an uprising during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and fled to Borneo Island in Southeast Asia for refuge after the incident, and established a very influential Jusheng company there.

Later, the prestige of his subordinate Luo Fangbo gradually surpassed him, so the position of leader was replaced by Luo Fangbo, and Wu Yuansheng became Luo Fangbo's subordinate.

In 1777, Luo Fangbo established the Republic of Lanfang, and Wu Yuansheng became the leading general, stationed in the Daiyan Kingdom north of the Pontianak River.

Since ancient times, overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia have established 7 countries here

In 1783, because of the cruelty of King Dai Yan and the resentment of the local people, Wu Yuansheng killed King Dai Yan and established himself as the king of Dai Yan Kingdom in the support of the local people.

After Wu Yuansheng's death, because of the young age of his son, his wife ascended the throne as queen, and then passed on to his son.

The Daiyan Kingdom lasted for four generations, and the Guozuo was inherited for more than 100 years, until it finally died in the mid-19th century due to the invasion of Dutch colonists.

Kingdom of the End of the World/Kingdom of Natuna

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing army moved south, and a group of remnants of the Ming Dynasty fled to Tianya Island by boat, which is now the Natuna Islands, under the leadership of the general Zhang Jiexu, and established a huge territory based on it, integrating the separatist forces of Tianya Island and the surrounding islands, and establishing the Tianya Kingdom, also known as the Natuna Island Kingdom, also known as the Zhang Jiexu regime.

Since ancient times, overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia have established 7 countries here

The Kingdom of Tianya is located near the South China Sea, which is the closest place to the South China Sea in present-day Indonesia, directly above the Republic of Lanfang, and the two sides are neighbors.

Since ancient times, overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia have established 7 countries here

Under Zhang Jiexu's rule, the kingdom of Tianya flourished, but after his death, descendants fought for the throne, and the kingdom fell into a long period of turmoil and division.

Later, the Dutch colonists invaded Southeast Asia, wiped out the Tianya Kingdom, renamed the Natuna Islands, and now belong to Indonesia, but more than 80% of the island's population are Chinese, and they have long demanded independence and statehood.

Thonburi Dynasty

Zheng Yong, a native of Chenghai County, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, China, crossed to Siam during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, married a Siamese woman, and gave birth to a son named Zheng Xin.

Soon after Zheng Yong died, Zheng Xin was adopted as an adopted son by the minister of Siam, and when he grew up, he entered politics, and lived in the official residence of Kampi Province, and was knighted as Phaya.

In 1763, the Burmese army invaded Siam, and Zheng Xin led his troops to defend it.

In 1767, the Burmese army captured the capital of Siam and the Ayutthaya dynasty fell.

However, Zheng Xin refused to surrender, and used the southeast coast as an al-Qaeda army to fight against the Burmese army, and finally defeated the Burmese army and recovered the capital.

In 1768, Zheng Xin was proclaimed king, moved the capital to Thonburi, and subsequently eliminated the separatist forces.

In 1770, Cheng Sin unified the whole of Siam and established the Thonburi Dynasty.

Since ancient times, overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia have established 7 countries here

Out of blood and political considerations, Zheng Xin became the king of Siam and sent people to the Qing Dynasty to pay tribute, hoping to become a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty.

The Qing government accepted Zheng Xin's tribute and made him king of Siam.

In 1782, Zheng Xin was killed in a palace coup, and the leading general Chakri ascended the throne as king, known as "Rama I", and moved the capital from Thonburi to Bangkok, establishing the Bangkok Dynasty that continues to this day, also known as Thailand.

In 1790, King Rama I, who was also of Chinese descent but not Zheng Xin's own son, sent an envoy to the Qing Dynasty, claiming to be Zheng Xin's son Zheng Hua, hoping to inherit Zheng Xin's title.

Before the fall of the Qing Dynasty, successive new Thai kings would send envoys to China to ask for canonization from the Qing Dynasty.

Therefore, all the Thai royal families that have been passed down for ten generations have Chinese names, all of which are surnamed Zheng, which continues to this day.

King Rama X, named Zheng Mian, and his father Rama IX, named Zheng Xi, are now officially celebrated on December 28 every year for King Aw's Day.

Since ancient times, overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia have established 7 countries here

Zheng Xin, recognized as one of the five greatest emperors in Thai history, is of standard Chinese descent, and the Chinese in Thailand also call Zheng Xin the King of Chaozhou.

Wu clan kingdom

Wu Rang, a native of Zhangzhou, Fujian, traveled to the Indochina Peninsula during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and eventually established a kingdom that occupied the Malay Peninsula and became a vassal state of Zheng Thailand, located directly below Thailand on the map.

Since ancient times, overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia have established 7 countries here

That is to say, Thailand was a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty, and the Wu Kingdom was a vassal state of Thailand, known as the Malay Wu Kingdom in history, with its own army and its own currency.

In 1784, Wu Rang died and was succeeded by his eldest son, Wu Wenhui.

The rule of the Wu kingdom lasted for eight full generations, more than a hundred years.

In 1904, British colonists invaded Southeast Asia, and the Wu kingdom was destroyed and has since disappeared.

Wyvern Kingdom

Zhang Lian, a native of Raoping County, Chaozhou Prefecture, Guangdong, once led the people to launch an armed uprising for Raoyi Kushi, called himself "Flying Dragon Lord", built a city in Wushipu and set up a palace, the country name "Flying Dragon", and the year name "Calendar".

Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty sent the governor Liu Xian and the general Yu Dayou to lead 200,000 troops to encircle and suppress, and the "Flying Dragon Army" was finally defeated by the Ming army and suffered heavy casualties.

In 1560, Zhang Lian had no choice but to lead the remnants of his army from Yunxiao County, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province to the sea, and went south, seizing Sriwijaya Island (now Sumatra) as a base and proclaiming the emperor, establishing the Flying Dragon Kingdom, and once captured the old port, Johor, Malacca and other places, and the territory was quite huge.

This kingdom lasted only 2 years before it collapsed and disappeared, so I won't talk about it, but the area around Malacca was indeed once the territory of the Wyvern Kingdom.

Java Shunta country

In 1279, the Song army and the Yuan army fought a large-scale decisive battle in Yashan, known as the Battle of Yashan, the Song army was defeated, and the last prime minister Lu Xiufu carried the golden seal, and jumped into the sea with the little emperor on his back to die in the sea.

Lu Xiufu's son, Lu Zili, fled with some soldiers and civilians on many large ships, until they fled to Java Island before finally finding a place to settle down.

The remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty elected Lu Zili as the new king and established the Shunta State, with the national goal of "opposing the Yuan Dynasty and restoring the Song Dynasty".

Since ancient times, overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia have established 7 countries here

In 1409, Zheng He visited Shunta when he went to the West for the third time, and the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty were very excited to learn that their homeland had been restored to the "Han Dynasty", and the king of Shunta immediately announced that he would submit to the Ming Emperor and became a vassal state of the Ming Dynasty.

In 1619, the Dutch army captured the island of Java, and the Chinese Shunta state, which had existed for nearly 200 years, disappeared.

The state of Shunta, Java, is located in the area of present-day Central Java, Indonesia, and the capital of Central Java Province, Semarang, still intact Zheng He Temple.

The above are the 7 countries that overseas Chinese have established in Southeast Asia, covering almost all parts of Southeast Asia near the South China Sea.

This is also the reason why there are Chinese everywhere in Nanyang today, because history does a large number of Chinese people have taken root there, branched out, and even established 7 countries.

Singapore's founding father, Lee Kuan Yew, is a descendant of the Hakka people in the Meizhou area, a third-generation Chinese, and a descendant of the Republic of Lanfang, where 72% of Singapore's population is Chinese.

In a sense, Singapore can also be regarded as a Chinese country.

There are so many Chinese in the entire Nanyang region, or when the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties all closed themselves to the country, strictly forbade the people to go to sea, and ignored the Nanyang Chinese state to fend for themselves.

If the Ming and Qing dynasties were a maritime country, they had a strong sense of the ocean, and took the initiative to expand their influence in the South China Seas with national strength.

The entire South China Sea is China's territory, and the South China Sea is directly China's inland sea.

Therefore, it makes sense that the nine-dash line in the South China Sea is drawn to the door of a group of countries in the South Seas, and it would be good not to directly divide all these countries into territories.

The South China Sea has been China's since ancient times, and this sentence is not wrong at all, if it were not for the fear of triggering international disputes, even the South Sea countries in that area could be since ancient times.

The evidence is that even cultural relics and monuments are still on the territory of these countries.

(This article only represents the author's point of view and does not represent the position of this number)

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