Water resources are the basic resources for human survival, it not only carries people's daily life needs, but also carries people's appreciation and yearning for nature, therefore, water resources have become an essential element for people's activities, and tourist resorts are no exception. When creating a resort, the project site is often surveyed for resources, including the investigation and analysis of water resources. In many cases, planners adopt local water treatment solutions according to the project site, which not only provides the resort with the required water quality to meet the water needs of the entire project, but also reduces the cost of water supply for the resort. In this paper, Haisen Cultural Tourism conducts a brief analysis of how to solve the water problem of Lombok Island in Indonesia through the investigation of the water resources of the project in Indonesia.
01/Project Overview
Rinjani Tourist Resort Base of Lombok, Indonesia is located in Lombok Rinjani Forest Reserve and National Forest Park, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Republic of Indonesia, the project is planned to develop an area of about 500 hectares, with a construction area of 50 hectares.
The project site belongs to the tropical area, with a small annual difference, with an average annual temperature of 23 to 32 degrees Celsius, with a maximum temperature of 32.9 degrees Celsius in April and a minimum temperature of 22.8 degrees Celsius in July. There are two core "seasons", the dry season and the rainy season. The dry season is mainly concentrated from April to August, and the rainy season is concentrated in September to March. The air humidity is relatively balanced, with an average annual humidity of about 82%, with a maximum humidity of 85% in May and a minimum humidity of 79% in August.
However, the project is located in a forest area, far from the city, due to cost, time and other problems can not undertake municipal tap water, resulting in 50 hectares of construction land water supply has become a problem, how to solve the water problem, we through investigation and analysis, we have come up with a solution according to local conditions.
Before elaborating on the plan, let's take a look at the water situation at the project site.
02/ Status of water resources in the project site
First, there is abundant rainfall in the area. According to relevant data, in 2010, the average rainfall for the whole year was 220 mm, with the highest rainfall in September at about 489 mm and the lowest rainfall in March at about 77 mm. At the same time, the average number of rainy days throughout the year is about 18 days, with the highest rainy days occurring in December for a total of about 25 days and the lowest rainy days occurring in April for a total of about 11 days.
Second, the water quality here is good. Three streams wind down the mountain and eventually converge in the lake, and their water quality meets drinking water standards with simple filtration and disinfection.
03/ Determination of water quantity and water quality at the water intake point
Accurate determination of the amount of water at the point of intake is a prerequisite for ensuring the water security of the Lombok project.
"Season" affects the measurement of water volume, and Lombok has a clear dry season and rainy season, and the amount of water in the rainy season is large and does not need to be measured, and the water quantity measurement is mainly carried out during the dry season, and if the dry season water is sufficient and meets the water demand of the project, it can be included in the alternative water intake point. The alternative water intake points are then measured by the water quality during the rainy season, and those alternative water intake points with the best and most stable water quality become the real water intake points of the project site, and the reason why the water quality is measured in the rainy season is because the water quality in the rainy season affects the selection of water treatment facilities.
04/Water intake point site selection analysis
Three major conditions for selecting a water intake point: water quality, quantity of water, and cost.
- The higher the altitude, the less polluted by human and animal activities, and its water quality is better;
- The lower the altitude, the more water the stream gathers, and the more abundant the amount of water;
- The closer to the project site, the lower the cost of water withdrawal.
Obviously, each condition is mutually restricted, and it is difficult to meet it at the same time, so it can only be clearly divided into primary and secondary comprehensive considerations. According to the resource situation of Lombok project, the principle of water intake point site selection is determined: first, the amount of water intake point can meet the water demand of the project site, and second, the water intake point is close to the project site and the surrounding water treatment equipment room can be built, and the water intake point with a high location is selected under the premise of meeting the above two principles. It should be noted here that the determination of the water volume at the water intake point is the core key to site selection.
05/Raw water treatment analysis
Lombok's mountain spring water system and rainwater in the primeval forest through soil capillary percolation treatment through underground runoff into the stream, the water quality is clear, but because the stream water will inevitably be secondary pollution during the flow process, coupled with rainy days through the surface diameter into the stream will also pollute the water in the original stream, resulting in unstable water quality in the stream.
In order to obtain domestic water with stable water quality, raw water extracted from streams must be purified. Through the water quality test of raw water, it is known that the raw water is mainly suspended inorganic matter and a small amount of organic matter, there are fewer bacteria, the hardness of the water is small, and the content of trace elements and minerals is within the allowable range of drinking water; The turbidity of raw water is greater than 5 NTU, and the chromaticity is less than 5 degrees.
Through the analysis, it was concluded that the raw water needed to reduce turbidity and sterilization and disinfection, and after comparing the economy and applicability, it was decided to use the diatomite pressure filtration system to treat the raw water, which consists of pretreatment part, diatomite filtration part and disinfection part.
06/Analysis of domestic water transmission and distribution
The Lombok project will be built in a volcanic primeval forest, which is a mountainous project, and the core area of the project (the main area of architectural layout and personnel activities) is built at the foot of the mountain. Rainwater collects through streams and flows down the mountain through the project site, and raw water reservoirs, raw water treatment facilities, and clean water reservoirs are built next to streams about 10 meters above sea level in the project core area. Domestic water transmission and distribution in the core area can be supplied by gravity. The advantages of gravity water supply are constant water supply pressure, high reliability and low operating costs.
Where it is higher than the core area, there are fewer buildings, less personnel activities, and less water consumption, which is solved by using variable frequency and constant pressure water supply by water pumps; Its water source can be the water of the clear water reservoir in the core area, or it can be drawn from the stream upstream of the stream and close to the project site, and after water treatment, it will be supplied to each water point by the pump frequency conversion and constant pressure.
The advantage of variable frequency and constant pressure water supply of water pump lies in the flexible location of water supply points, and the disadvantage is that the reliability of water supply is worse than that of gravity water supply, high operating costs, and higher construction costs. Since the main water supply area of this project is in the core area of the project, the water supply outside the core area is small, and the use of variable frequency and constant pressure water supply by water pump has little impact on the operating cost and construction cost of the entire project, and the plot outside the core area has a high altitude and small area, and it is difficult to realize gravity water supply.
In short, the solution of water problems according to local conditions is the core key of resort planning, is an important way to reduce costs, this paper adopts gravity water supply and pump frequency conversion constant pressure water supply are based on the comprehensive analysis of water demand (water quantity, water quality), topography, etc. of the project site, and obtains a suitable and reasonable water supply method. In addition to the Lombok project in Indonesia, Haisen Cultural Tourism has planned and designed tourism resort projects of different sizes and situations, and has also adopted various innovative strategies tailored to local conditions, please pay attention to Haisen Cultural Tourism, we will share more practical experience with you!