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Word count: very little, just read slowly.
Bangladesh has a population of 160 million, but its area is only 147,000 square kilometers, which is about the size of Liaoning province on the mainland. I have to sigh, Bangladeshis are really able to give birth, how crowded is this? In fact, however, Bangladesh today is only half the size of its heyday.
Bangladesh has long been a geographical concept that refers to the area where the Bengalis live, mainly in the Ganges Delta. The founding of Bangladesh dates back to the time of the Delhi Sultanate, when the entire northern part of India was the sphere of influence of the Delhi Sultanate, and Bangladesh was no exception.
After the 14th century, the Delhi Sultanate fell apart and declined, and small sultanates were established everywhere. In 1339, the Muslim governor Ili Aszah unified Bengal, and the Sultanate of Bengal was established.
Over the next three hundred years, the Sultanate of Bengal changed dynasties and experienced different rulers from Turkic, Bengal, Arab, Abyssinian and Afghan peoples, but remained independent until the 16th century.
From the 15th century onwards, the Sultanate of Bengal was economically developed and literature flourished. The process of Islamization in Bangladesh undoubtedly began at this time. So why do Bangladeshis practice Islam today? It started here.
The Sultanate of Bangladesh carried out territorial expansion, and the two surrounding powers, the Kingdom of Assam and the Rakhine Kingdom, often staged the "Three Kingdoms Killing" plot. Among them, Bangladesh and Rakhine fought the hardest, repeatedly fighting for the Kedah port area. Unexpectedly, in the end, "the sandpiper mussels competed, and the fishermen profited", and in 1528 the Portuguese were occupied.
At the beginning of the 16th century, a powerful Mughal Empire arose in northern India. In 1577, the Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great subdued Bengal, ruled by the Sultan of Afghanistan, and turned it into a province of the empire. During the Mughal Empire, Bengal's economy was still prosperous, rich in sugar and silk and cotton textiles.
By the 17th century, Bengal was a fief of Shuja, the second prince of the Mughal Empire. In the battle for the throne, the third prince Aurangzeb won, Shuja fled to the Rakhine kingdom in Burma, and Bengal was reincorporated into the empire.
But Aurangzeb looked: This line can't let my second brother run. So, in 1665, Aurangzeb marched into Rakhine, drove out the Portuguese and occupied Chittagong, and the area returned to Bengal. Shuja died elsewhere.
After the 18th century, the Mughal Empire went into decline. Bengal became de facto a semi-independent kingdom within the empire, ruled by the Nawab governor. By this time, the British had established trading posts in Calcutta, Bengal. However, in 1756, the Nawa Bushiraj of Bengal threw the British out, creating the "Black Hole Incident", killing dozens of Britons.
Britain looks: dare to oppose our British Empire, violence is the only language you can understand, I have to give you some color. In fact, Britain has coveted the rich Bengal for a long time and has long wanted to take it for itself. In 1757, the British East India Company sent troops against Siraj, and took advantage of Siraj's conflict with other nobles to defeat him.
Since then, the Bengal Nawab has become a puppet of the British, who can be abolished at will, and also holds the right to tax Bengal. In 1785, the British simply occupied Bengal directly, turning it into a territory under the East India Company.
In 1857, a national uprising in India brought an end to the rule of the British East India Company, and Bengal was directly ruled by the British government.
Bangladesh has always been an important economic and cultural center of India, but it has also made India's national bourgeoisie and proletarian strength grow day by day. So, the British are very worried.
In order to stifle the Indian national movement, the British used the best method - partition and rule. It turned out that after occupying Bengal, the British deliberately mixed sand and added Assam, which did not belong to Bangladesh. In 1904, the British divided the vast state of Bengal, with a population of 80 million, into two provinces, West Bengal and East Bengal. West Bengal includes Bihar and Orissa, with the provincial capital of Kolkata; East Bengal includes Assam, the provincial capital of Dhaka.
This was strongly opposed by Bengali Hindus, who became minority residents in both the divided provinces of East and West Bengal. In the face of the anti-British struggle in Bangladesh, Britain had to adopt some soft policies. In 1911, the British announced the abolition of the partition of East and West Bengal and the change to Bengal Province. However, several other provinces were established, Bihar and Orissa in the west and Assam in the east. In other words, Bengal province is actually smaller than the original state of Bengal.
In 1947, Britain passed the Mountbatten Act, which decided to divide India and Pakistan according to religious beliefs. After Pakistan's independence, Bangladesh existed as one of the two provinces of Pakistan, known as East Pakistan. However, the province of Bengal, which was merged in 1911, was again divided into East Pakistan to the east and West Bengal in India to the west, and many Bengalis became Indian nationals.
In the free choice of state ownership, the residents of the Sirt region were mostly Bengali Muslims who joined East Pakistan; Tripura, who was only half of the Bangladeshi Muslims, eventually chose to join India.
However, after Pakistan's independence, there were conflicts between East Pakistan and West Pakistan. Although they have the same religious beliefs, their ethnic composition is very different, and they cannot live together. East Pakistan is dominated by absolute Bengalis and West Pakistan is dominated by Punjabis. Moreover, Pakistan's inclusion of only Urdu as an official language has also caused resentment among Bengalis. More importantly, Bengal in East Pakistan has a large population, but West Pakistan has taken most of its export resources.
Finally, in 1971, the Pakistani Civil War broke out, and as a result of the war, East Pakistan was established as Bangladesh and seceded. So far, Bangladesh's territory has been fixed at 147,000 square kilometers, which has continued to this day. From big Bengal to small Bangladesh, Bangladesh has half the country, and the two partitions of Britain have an unshirkable responsibility.
Bangladesh is essentially a homogeneous nation-state, with Bengali-speaking Bengalis making up 98% of the population, of which 87% Bengalis are Muslims and 12% are Hindus. In addition, Bangladesh has a small number of Tibeto-Burman and Mon-Khmer speaking peoples, such as the former Tripuri, Mizo, and Shakma in the eastern highlands of Chittagong, and the Kathi people on the border with Meghalaya, India, and so on.
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