Kazakhstan was founded in 1456 AD, and the state is only more than 500 years old. Because the land is sparsely populated and is a nomadic tribe, the foundation of the state after the founding of the state is not solid. Therefore, it was soon divided into three Yuzi countries: large, medium and small.
After the establishment of Kazakhstan, it was soon divided into three Pynz states
The rise of the Dzungar Khanate posed a great threat to Kazakhstan, and in September 1730 the westernmost Yuz sent an embassy to Russia, asking Russia to let it join Russia.
This is exactly what polar bears do.
Influenced by the accession of the country of Little Yuzi to Russia, in December 1735, Zhongyuzi also joined Russia.
After Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty eliminated the Dzungar Khanate in 1757, the Kazakh Sanyuzi state successively expressed its submission to the Qing Dynasty, and Dayuzi and Zhongyuzi also sent delegations to Beijing to meet the emperor and officially accepted the canonization of the Qing Empire.
Kangxi
Kangxi pacified the Junger road map
Zhongyuzi and Dayuzi were canonized successively
In the mid-19th century, Kazakhstan was effectively annexed by the Russian Empire, and in 1936 the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic was established and joined the Soviet Union.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan became independent on December 16, 1991, forming the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan
In 2022, Kazakhstan's total GDP will be 220.296 billion US dollars, or about 1,498 billion yuan, which is similar to Wuxi's GDP (1,485.082 billion yuan). In 2022, the bilateral trade volume between China and Kazakhstan will be 31.17 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 23.6%.
However, because Kazakhstan's population (19.12 million) is nearly three times that of Wuxi (7.48 million), its per capita GDP is only 75,800 yuan, which is roughly the same as Lianyungang and Suqian in northern Jiangsu Province, and is also at the middle and upper reaches of China.
There are about 400,000 overseas Chinese and Chinese in Kazakhstan, mainly Kazakhs, Uyghurs, Hui, Dungan and Han. The overseas Chinese in Kazakhstan play a special and important role in promoting bilateral relations and enhancing people-to-people friendship.
Kazakhstan is rich in oil and mineral resources, with proven oil reserves of 14 billion tons (onshore and Caspian Sea areas); There are more than 90 kinds of mineral deposits that have been discovered, of which the uranium volume is the second largest in the world, with more than 700,000 tons, and the annual output of uranium exceeds 20,000 tons.
Kazakhstan's oil fields and China-Kazakhstan oil pipeline
Kazakhstan also has 1,900 tons of gold reserves, and the annual gold mine output reaches 30 tons.
In March 2019, after Nazarbayev's first president announced his resignation, former Speaker of the upper house of parliament, Tokayev, was sworn in as the new president. The new president is a Uighur who studied in China, eats Chinese food, speaks Chinese, likes Lu Xun, and is friendly to China.
The current president, Tokayev
The living habits of Kazakhs are similar to those of Mongolians, and the main food is beef and mutton, milk, pasta, vegetables, etc.; The most commonly consumed drinks are milk tea and mare's milk.
Let's focus on the armed forces of Kazakhstan.
In general, the armed forces of Kazakhstan are relatively small, and after independence, Kazakhstan formed its own army in 1992, with a total of more than 10,000 people and three armies: army, navy and air force.
The Army has 1 mechanized division, 1 motorized rifle division, 5 separate motorized rifle brigades, and 1 support unit. The equipment is mainly old Russian equipment, which is relatively backward.
The Air Force and the Air Defense Army are mixed, and the fighters are all old Soviet-style fighters, and the combat effectiveness is basically negligible.
The Navy was split from the fleet of the former Caspian region of the Soviet army, and the battleships were old and their combat power was negligible.
Therefore, Kazakhstan's own military strength is weak, basically equivalent to that of Outer Mongolia. Therefore, in terms of defense, Kazakhstan is still more dependent on Russia. At the beginning of 2022, the United States instigated the Kazakhstan color revolution, and in the end, Russia sent troops to help solve it.
It is said that the United States currently has a large air base in Almaty, Kazakhstan (very close to China), which was set up under the pretext of starting the war in Afghanistan.
Air bases of the US military
Conclusion: Kazakhstan currently has good relations with China and is a comprehensive strategic partnership. The economic cooperation between the two sides is mainly carried out in the fields of oil and gas, and the two sides have jointly built the cross-border oil pipeline-China-Kazakhstan crude oil pipeline, and the China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline A/B/C three lines. The economies of the two sides have strong complementarity. We should strive to strengthen friendly relations with Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries and make Central Asia a solid strategic rear for China.
Sino-Chinese friendship