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preface
Phillips was the governor of Punjab appointed by Alexander the Great. In 324 BC, Odemus tried to assist Ampi. However, around 317 BC, he treacherously killed his fellow Indians.
He captured one hundred and twenty elephants and then set out with an army to support Eumenes, who was fighting Antipater. With the departure of Odermus from Punjab, the Macedonian kingdom's illusion of Hellenizing India was shattered. In June 323 BC, Alexander the Great died. In the early autumn of 323 BC, news of his death must have reached India.
Ashoka and the Kingdom of Peacock: The Birth of the Kingdom of Buddha
In October 323 BC, as soon as the time came, an uprising broke out in India. The leader of the uprising was a young man named Jandhara Gupta Peacock. He may have been a descendant of a prince of the Nanda dynasty of Magadha or a prince of South Bihar, the most important state of Magadha at the time. With the help of Kaudiliya, Jandra Gupta Peacock deposed and executed King Nanda, killing his people.
Khaudiliya was an intelligent Brahmin who later became the minister of Jandra Gupta Peacock. In the capital of the Magadha kingdom, Hua, now Batna, Jandragupta Peacock ascended the throne and ruled the country with an iron fist for twenty-four years. If Justin's words are true, then the usurped Moon Protector Jandra Gupta Peacock ousted the Macedonian rulers who were entrenched in India. However, after fighting for the freedom of the Indians, he plunged the Indians into a new enslavement and tyranny. In order to realize his ambitions, the Moon Protector King Jandra Gupta Peacock invoked more than half of the fierce clans of foreign blood in the northwestern border.
He quickly extended his influence throughout North India, even as far as the Nabada River. Whether the Moon Protector , Jandra Gupta Peacock, attacked the Macedonian army after proclaiming himself King Magadha or joined the Punjabi rebels before launching an onslaught on the Macedonian army, is unknown. But the result was obvious: Jandragupta Peacock became the first true king in Indian history, ruling vast lands from the Arabian Sea to the Bay of Bengal.
After the Treaty of Partition of Tripaladisus, in 321 BC, Seleucid became governor of Babylon. In war, he was called the "conqueror" for his many victories. In 315 BC, Seleucid was ousted by his rival Antigolus and fled to Egypt. In 312 BC, after three years in exile, the Seleucids regained control of Babylon and began to consolidate and expand their power.
After that, the Seleucids conquered the Batkerians and became kings in 306 BC, known as "Seleucid I". Although Syria was only a small part of the vast territory owned by Seleucid I, to historians, Seleucid I was the king of Syria.
In 305 BC, Seleucid I led an army to successfully cross the Indus River and attack Hindu. Seleucid I hoped to surpass Alexander the Great by recovering the city-states briefly occupied by Alexander the Great and conquering the kingdoms of central India. However, the army of the Mauryan Kingdom led by the Moon Protector King Chandra Gupta Peacock was huge, and the army of the Seleucid Kingdom was vulnerable. Seleucid I was forced to retreat with his army, abandoning his ambitions to surpass Alexander the Great.
The battle left no record. We don't know anything about the campaign except the results. After the war, the Seleucid Kingdom signed a peace treaty with the Mauryan Kingdom. The peace treaty includes marriage. The Seleucid kingdom ceded Aliahria, Arachosia, Gedrosia, and Palopamisada to the Mauryan kingdom.
In exchange, the Seleucid kingdom received a mere five hundred elephants from the Mauryan kingdom. The peace treaty signed between the Seleucid Kingdom and the Mauryan Kingdom is worth remembering. It extended the borders of the Mauryan Kingdom to the Hindu Kush Mountains. The Kingdom of Afghanistan, which now contains almost all of its territory, as well as Balochistan and Mokran, was then ruled by the Mauryan Kingdom. A German writer once arbitrarily believed that the Moon Protector Jandra Gupta Peacock recognized the suzerainty of the Seleucid Kingdom.
But in fact, the Seleucid Kingdom did not have suzerainty over the Mauryan Kingdom. Due to ill-thought, Seleucid I lost the war and was forced to cede Alia, Arachosia, Gedrosia, and Palo Pamisada. The five hundred elephants received by the Seleucid kingdom were worth up to two million rupees, or two hundred thousand sterlings. In the face of the powerful army of the Mauryan Kingdom, the army of the Seleucid Kingdom did not gain the upper hand. After losing the war, the relationship between the Seleucid Kingdom and the Mauryan Kingdom became friendly.
Seleucid I
Around 305 BC, Seleucid I, in accordance with the peace treaty, sent Megasthenes, a subordinate of Sibiltias, then governor of Arachosia, to the royal palace of the Moon Protector Jandra Gupta Peacock in the city of Huahrenheit. Fahrenheit City is located near the confluence of the Sam and Ganges, upstream of the confluence of the Sam and Ganges. Some archaeological excavations have confirmed that the settlements and nearby villages of present-day Batna and Bankibo are the site of the ancient capital of Huaheit. Ten to twenty feet underground in this area are the ruins of the ancient capital of Fahrenheit. Macgasthenae lived in Fahrenheit City for a long time, and worked tirelessly to record what he saw and heard. Thanks to these records, future generations can get a glimpse of the grandeur of the ancient capital Huahrenheit City.
Megasthenes discovered that the Moon Protector King Jandra Gupta Peacock ruled the country well. The Peacock Kingdom is in order. Fahrenheit City is worthy of being the capital of the great Peacock Kingdom, not only majestic, but also solid. It is said that the Imperial Camp of Fahrenheit City can accommodate 400,000 people. The standing army of the Moon Protector Jandra Gupta Peacock consisted of 600,000 infantry, 30,000 cavalry, 9,000 war elephants, and numerous chariots. If the army of the Moon Protector Jandra Gupta Peacock were assembled, the total number of the various arms would exceed 600,000.
Compared to the huge army of later Indian princes, this number is nothing, but it was quite staggering at the time. As Plutarch put it, it was because of this large and well-equipped army that the power of the Moon Protector Jandragupta Peacock was able to "expand and conquer all of India." At least, all the land north of the Nabada River was under the rule of the Moon Protector Jandra Gupta Peacock. Thus, during the time of the Moon Protector Jandra Gupta Mauryan, the territory of the Mauryan kingdom stretched from the Nabada River to the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush.
Twenty-four years after ruling the Peacock Kingdom with an iron fist, the Moon Protector King Jandragupta Peacock does not know whether to die or abdicate the throne. The river he laid down with his own hands was passed on to his son, Bintou Tara Amitragata.
It is said that Bintou Tara Amitragata ruled the Mauryan Kingdom for twenty-eight years. According to the chronology we used, in 301 BC, during the reign of Bintouro Amitragada, the Seleucid king sent a man named DeMarcus to the Mauryan Kingdom.
This is the only historical record of Bintou Tara Amitragata. Through this account, we can clearly see that the official exchanges between the Mauryan Kingdom and the Seleucid Kingdom began from the time of the Moon Protector Chandra Gupta Peacock and continued during the reign of Bintou Tara Amitragada. In 280 BC, the seventy-eight-year-old Seleucid I was assassinated. Subsequently, Seleucus I's son Antiochus succeeded to the throne, known as "Antiochus I".
The ancient Greeks recorded anecdotes about the correspondence between the Seleucid king and the Mauryan king. There were friendly correspondence between the Moon Protector Jandra Gupta Peacock and Seleucid I, and between Bintaura Amitlagada and Antiochus I. Through these anecdotes, it can be seen that the Mauryan Kingdom and the Seleucid Kingdom interacted on an equal basis.
Between 285 BC and 247 BC, Ptolemy II, king of Ptolemy, sent Dionysios to the kingdom of Mauryan. The Mauryan kingdom at that time must have been reigned by Bintou Tara Amitragata or his son Ashoka. Patrocles served as an official under Seleucid I and Antiochus I.
Asoka
While sailing in the Indian Ocean, he collected a lot of geographic information. This geographic information was of great significance to scholars such as Strabo and Pliny. In 273 BC, eight years after the death of Seleucid I, Azuka Valdhaana succeeded to the throne in the city of Fahrenheit as the third king of the Mauryan Kingdom, known as "Ashoka".
Ashoka ruled the Mauryan Kingdom for forty years. In some absurd novels that distort the chronicles of Ceylon, Ashoka's virtues are erased. In these novels, Ashoka ascends to the throne through bloody killings. He killed ninety-nine brothers. Only the youngest brother was spared.
Inscriptions can make everything clear. We know from the inscription that Ashoka's brothers and sisters were still alive during the middle of Ashoka's reign. Like all members of the royal family, they were cared for by Ashoka. The legend that Ashoka served as governor of Takhira and then Ujain before his accession to the throne may be true.
At that time, the governorship was held by the prince. Ashoka succeeded to the throne in 273 BC. It may indeed be that he did not hold his solemn coronation until four years later. The postponement of the ceremony may be related to Ashoka's controversial succession process, namely the killings that preceded the succession. But there is no evidence that the killings were real.
The Moon Protector King Jandra Gupta Peacock passed the throne to his son, Bintou Tara Amitragata. Twenty-eight years later, Bintou Tara Amitragata passed the throne to his son Ashoka. In such a well-established kingdom, a protracted struggle over the succession to the throne is unlikely. In the true historical record, Ashoka not only did not become troubled by internal unrest, but showed remarkable leadership. Even the city-states furthest from Ashoka obeyed Ashoka's orders.
The large number of inscriptions engraved by Ashoka's people is the main basis for later generations to understand the events of Ashoka's reign. With the exception of the Muski inscription found in Nizam territory, other inscriptions only record the title of Ashoka. The beginning of the Masky inscription reads "Heavenly Favor Benevolent Ashoka". The inscription quelled disputes over Ashoka's titles of "heavenly favor" and "kindness." The words "heavenly pet" and "ciyan" are often used together, sometimes alone. The inscription of Dadman I, inscribed circa 152 AD, also bears the name of Ashoka.
Due to the long history and the lack of historical research in Hindu literature, on the basis of authoritative documents, we have made full use of other existing inscriptions and various literary forms, plus other materials, and finally can create a relatively complete history of Ashoka's reign.
Resources
The Treatise of Diodorus Siculus, vol. 18, p. 39
A History of Early India, Third Edition
"The Long March" by Arian
Biography of Alexander, chapter 62, by Plutarch
Seriak, chapter 55, by Appian