Yue Fei (1103-1142), courtesy name Pengju, a native of Tangyin County, Xiangzhou of the Southern Song Dynasty (present-day Tangyin County, Anyang, Henan), a famous general of the Anti-Jin Dynasty, a famous military strategist, strategist, and national hero in Chinese history, and one of the four generals of the Southern Song Dynasty.
In the sixth year of Shaoxing, Yue Fei led his army from Xiangyang to attack north, recovering some prefectures and counties near Luoyang, and the forward was close to the Yellow River, preparing to recapture Kaifeng, and then crossed the Yellow River to advance north. Many rebels on the north bank of the Yellow River contacted Yue Jiajun, waiting for Yue Fei to cross the river. One day, during the march, Yue Fei and his subordinates came to a small hill and looked north. He encouraged the soldiers to say that they must go to the Huanglong Mansion this time, and then everyone would drink together. However, Emperor Gaozong of Song, who only wanted to discuss peace, not only did not support Yue Fei's northward march, but ordered him to be a teacher. As a last resort, Yue Fei led his army back to Ezhou. He felt that the great opportunity was about to be lost, and he regained his lost territory and welcomed back the two emperors who had been taken away by the Jin Kingdom, and his ambition to wash away the national shame of Jingkang was difficult to achieve, and he couldn't help but be filled with anger and mixed feelings. On a sunny day after the rain, he climbed high in Ezhou to overlook the railing, and the impassioned spirit in his chest could not be suppressed, and wrote this magnificent masterpiece "Manjiang Red".
Manjiang Red
Angry hair rushed to the crown, by the railing, Xiaoxiao rain rested. Raise your eyes, look up to the sky and roar, and be fierce. Thirty meritorious fame dust and earth, eight thousand miles of clouds and moons. Mo waited idle, white young man's head, empty and sad.
Jing Kang shame, still not snow. The courtiers hate, when will they perish. Drive a long car and break through the lack of Helan Mountain. Zhuang Zhi was hungry for beard meat, and laughed and thirsty for Xiongnu blood. To start from scratch, clean up the old mountains and rivers, and face the sky.
Vernacular translation:
I was angry and leaned on the railing, and a torrential rain had just stopped. Look up at the vastness, look up to the sky and sigh, magnificent and fierce. Thirty years of meritorious deeds are now dust, and there are only floating clouds and bright moons for thousands of miles. Mo spent his years white, and he had to regret and sorrow alone.
The strange shame of Jing Kangnian has not yet been washed away, and when will the resentment of the courtiers be extinguished. I just want to drive one chariot after another to break through the enemy stronghold of Helan Mountain. Comrades and enemies eat the flesh of the enemy, laughing at the enemy's thirst for the enemy's blood. I want to completely recover the old rivers and mountains from the beginning, and then return to Beijing to report to the emperor.
This poem was first found in the "Yue Wumu Testament" compiled by Xu Jie in the Ming Dynasty, and was copied from a stone tablet in the tomb of Yue in Hangzhou. In recent years, in the Yue Temple in Tangyin, Henan, the word was found on a stone tablet during the Tianshun period of the Ming Dynasty, which is the earliest written record of the current "Manjiang Hong".
Tangyin Yue Temple "Manjiang Red" inscription
There are many different opinions on this term. There is a certain controversy from the time of writing to the lyricist, and whether the "Helan Mountain" in the word is a fictional or real reference.
Some scholars (Wang Zengyu, a scholar at the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) believe that it was written in Shaoxing in the fourth year, and some researchers (historian Chen Fei) believe that this poem "Manjiang Hong" was written by Yue Fei in Shaoxing ten years ago, when Yue Fei was forced to withdraw his troops from Zhuxian Town, in extreme grief and indignation.
Since its discovery in the Ming Dynasty until the beginning of the 20th century, "Manjiang Hong, Fury Hair and Crown" has been believed to be Yue Fei's work. In recent years, many scholars have raised questions about whether the author of this word is Yue Fei, believing that it was written by people in the Ming Dynasty, pretending to be Yue Fei's word. The reason for this is mostly not found in many Song and Yuan works, as well as in Yue Ke's Jin Tuo Compilation.
Although there is a lot of controversy, "Manjiang Hong" is very high in terms of artistic level and ideological level. This poem expresses the swan song of revenge and heroic ambition, full of patriotic passion, the language is simple and rough, and the tone is high-pitched and tragic. The whole word expresses the bitter hatred of the invaders, and the firm vow to expel the invaders and recover the rivers and mountains. The strong patriotic spirit, high fighting passion and belief in victory in the words exerted a far-reaching influence on the anti-aggression struggle of the Chinese nation in later generations.
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