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During the Tang Dynasty, Buddhist culture had a profound influence on Chinese society, culture, art, and clothing. This paper mainly discusses the influence of Buddhist culture on the aesthetics of Tang Dynasty clothing, and will explore the Buddhist cultural background during the Tang Dynasty, the influence of Buddhism on Tang Dynasty clothing, and the expression of Buddhist elements in Tang Dynasty clothing. The purpose of this paper is to better understand the influence of Buddhist culture on the aesthetics of clothing in the Tang Dynasty, and to provide reference for today's clothing culture.
1. The cultural background of Buddhism during the Tang Dynasty
Buddhism was a religion introduced to China from India, and the earliest introduction to China was Han Buddhism. During the Tang Dynasty, Buddhism was gradually integrated into Chinese society and became an important cultural phenomenon in Chinese society at that time. The Buddhist culture of the Tang Dynasty not only influenced the religious beliefs of society, but also influenced various aspects of Tang culture, art, and clothing.
1. The rise and spread of Buddhism: In the early Tang Dynasty, the spread of Buddhism in China was not very widespread, mainly limited to some temples and ethnic minority areas in the Central Plains. However, with the political and social reforms during the reign of Tang Wude (618-626), Buddhism gradually gained state recognition and support, and was able to spread throughout the country. The rise and spread of Buddhism not only changed Chinese's beliefs and values, but also had a profound impact on Chinese culture and art.
2. The spread and influence of Buddhist thought: Buddhist ideas were widely spread and influenced during the Tang Dynasty. The central idea of Buddhism is "nirvana," which transcends the cycle of life and death to eternity and liberation. This kind of thinking was very attractive and comforting to Chinese society at that time, especially those who lived in war and social unrest. Some important thinkers during the Tang Dynasty, such as Wei Yingwu, Huiyuan, Huichao and others, studied and borrowed Buddhist thought, and had an important influence on Chinese philosophy and culture.
3. Development of Buddhist art and architecture: Buddhist art and architecture during the Tang Dynasty reached a stage of extreme prosperity and development. Buddhist art expresses the essence of Buddhist culture, of which the Tang Dynasty Buddhist statues are the most famous. The Buddha statues of the Tang Dynasty are exquisitely made, beautifully shaped, full of vitality and movement, showing the aesthetic interest and artistic style of the time. In addition, the Tang Dynasty also built a large number of Buddhist temples and pagodas, such as Kaiyuan Temple and Big Wild Goose Pagoda, which were not only places of religious activities, but also became important manifestations of the cultural, artistic and architectural achievements of the time.
4. Development of Buddhist literature and translation: Buddhist literature and translation during the Tang Dynasty also reached a stage of great prosperity and development. The Tang Dynasty translated a large number of Buddhist scriptures, enabling Buddhist culture to penetrate into China, and had an important impact on the Chinese culture and knowledge system at that time. At the same time, some writers of the Tang Dynasty also integrated Buddhist thought and culture into their works, such as Wang Zhiluo's "Climbing the Stork Tower" and Bai Juyi's "Long Hate Song", which not only expressed the cultural and ideological outlook of Tang Dynasty society, but also reflected the integration of Buddhist culture and traditional Chinese culture.
In general, the cultural background of Buddhism during the Tang Dynasty was very rich and complex, including the rise and spread of Buddhism, the spread and influence of Buddhist ideas, the development of Buddhist art and architecture, and the development of Buddhist literature and translation. Buddhist culture in this period was not only the peak of Buddhist culture in Chinese history, but also had a profound impact on Chinese culture and art, becoming an important part of traditional Chinese culture and world culture.
Second, the influence of Buddhism on Tang Dynasty clothing
The influence of Buddhist culture on clothing during the Tang Dynasty is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1. Forming
During the Tang Dynasty, the clothing system began to diversify, and different forms represented different social status and identity. Buddhist beliefs emphasize that monks should follow a pure and simple lifestyle, so in the Tang Dynasty, the monks' clothing system gradually formed a simple style dominated by plain colors, such as monks' robes, cassocks, etc., which also influenced the design of court clothing, making the clothing system of the Tang Dynasty more diversified.
2. Material
During the Tang Dynasty, Buddhist beliefs focused on spiritual pursuits rather than material pursuits, so the clothing materials of the Tang Dynasty also began to develop in the direction of simplicity, and natural materials such as cotton and linen began to be widely used. In addition, during the Tang Dynasty, the use of high-grade fabrics such as silk and silk was gradually restricted, which was also consistent with the spirit of Buddhist beliefs.
3. Color
Buddhist culture focuses on a peaceful, serene and pure lifestyle, which also influenced the color of clothing during the Tang Dynasty. During the Tang Dynasty, the colors of clothing became more elegant, and the use of colors paid more attention to balance and harmony. In Buddhist culture, each color has a specific symbolic meaning, such as red for enthusiasm and joy, blue for tranquility and purity, and so on. These color symbols were also used in the costumes of the Tang Dynasty, making the colors of the costumes of the Tang Dynasty more symbolic and connotative.
4. Style
The influence of Buddhist culture on the clothing style of the Tang Dynasty is mainly reflected in simplicity, purity and elegance. In Buddhism, "Zen machine is one phase, and it is also the same", that is, the inside and the outside are combined, and the inside and outside are consistent. During the Tang Dynasty, this idea was also applied to clothing design, making the clothing of the Tang Dynasty pay more attention to the overall beauty and emphasize the harmony between the costume and the wearer.
Third, the representation of Buddhist elements in Tang Dynasty clothing
The influence of Buddhist culture is not only reflected in the overall style of Tang dynasty clothing, but also in the details and decoration of clothing. Here are some Buddhist elements represented in Tang dynasty costumes:
1. Buddha motif
In the costumes of the Tang Dynasty, the use of Buddha motifs can often be seen. Buddha statue motifs not only have beauty, but also convey the spiritual connotation of Buddhist culture. The Buddha statue patterns of the Tang Dynasty mostly use the line drawing technique with simple lines, and the shape is simple and beautiful. These Buddha motifs can appear on the corners of clothing, cuffs, pockets, etc.
2. Buddha beads
Buddha beads are commonly used as a blessing tool in Buddhism and are often used as ornaments. During the Tang Dynasty, Buddhist beads were used to decorate clothing, not only to add beauty, but also to express respect for Buddhist culture. Buddha beads can appear on sleeves, collars and other parts in clothing during the Tang Dynasty.
3. Monk hat
The monk's hat was a symbol of monks during the Tang Dynasty, and was often used in clothing decoration during the Tang Dynasty. In the costume design of the Tang Dynasty, you can often see some decorations with monk hat elements, such as collars and cuffs with the shape of monk hats. These decorations are not only aesthetic, but also express respect for Buddhist culture and monasticism.
4. Tambourine
The tambourine is one of the most commonly used instruments in Buddhist music and is often used in Buddhist ceremonies. In costumes during the Tang Dynasty, tambourines were also used as ornaments. In some costume designs during the Tang Dynasty, decorations with tambourine shapes can often be seen, such as tambourine shaped buttons, ornaments, etc.
5. Buddhist scripture copywriting
Buddhist scripture copywriting is one of the common cultural symbols in Buddhism, and it was also used in clothing decoration during the Tang Dynasty. In the costume design of the Tang Dynasty, decorations with Buddhist scripture texts, such as embroidery, brocade, etc., can often be seen. These decorations are not only aesthetic, but also express respect and admiration for Buddhist culture.
To sum up, Buddhist culture had a profound impact on the aesthetics of clothing during the Tang Dynasty. The ideas and values of "simplicity, purity and elegance" in Buddhist culture were applied to the clothing design of the Tang Dynasty, making the clothing of the Tang Dynasty pay more attention to the overall beauty and connotation. At the same time, some symbols and symbols of Buddhist culture were also used in the clothing of the Tang Dynasty, expressing people's respect and admiration for Buddhist culture. The influence of Buddhist culture on the aesthetics of clothing during the Tang Dynasty is multifaceted, which is not only reflected in the overall style of clothing, but also in the details and decoration of clothing. These influences made the costumes of the Tang Dynasty have profound cultural connotations and historical value in the cultural background at that time.
IV. Conclusion
Through the study of the influence of Buddhist culture on the aesthetics of Tang Dynasty clothing, the following conclusions can be drawn:
1. First, Buddhist culture had a profound impact on the aesthetics of clothing during the Tang Dynasty. The ideas and values of "simplicity, purity and elegance" in Buddhist culture were applied to the clothing design of the Tang Dynasty, making the clothing of the Tang Dynasty pay more attention to the overall beauty and connotation.
2. Secondly, some symbols and symbols of Buddhist culture were also used in the costumes of the Tang Dynasty, expressing people's respect and admiration for Buddhist culture. These symbols and symbols include lotus flowers, Buddha images, monk hats, tambourines, Buddhist scriptures, etc.
3. Finally, the influence of Buddhist culture on the aesthetics of clothing during the Tang Dynasty is multifaceted, not only in the overall style of clothing, but also in the details and decoration of clothing. These influences made the costumes of the Tang Dynasty have profound cultural connotations and historical value in the cultural background at that time.
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