#Headline Creation Challenge##历史开讲 #
1. Ancient Chinese human research
Paleoanthropology divides prehistoric human societies into Paleolithic and Neolithic.
(1) Paleolithic
Paleolithic, characterized by simple stone tools, gathering and hunting.
1. Paleolithic periodization
Homo erectus, 30200 years ago, is an early Paleolithic period, such as the Southern Yuan Mou people and Shaanxi Lantian people; Early Homo sapiens, 40,000~300,000 years ago, is the middle Paleolithic, such as Shaanxi Dali people, Shanxi Dingcun people, etc.; Late Homo sapiens, 10,000~40,000 years ago, is a late Paleolithic period, such as the mountaintop cave man in Beijing.
2. Paleolithic main site
The Xihoudu site, in Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province, is the earliest known ancient human site in China, dating back about 1.8 million years.
The Yuanmou Man site was discovered in 1965 in Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province, about 1.7 million years ago, and the earliest Homo erectus fossils (teeth) found in China were excavated at the site. Some researchers believe that the fossils of Yuanmou people are no more than 730,000 years old, and may be 500,000~600,000 years ago.
The Peking Man site is located in Zhoukoudian Keel Mountain, Fangshan District, Beijing, and a relatively complete Peking Ape Man fossil was unearthed in the 20s of the 20th century, and the first Peking Man skull was discovered in 1929. It has been determined that the skull of the Peking Man was about 20701930 ago and fossils of ancient humans living around 20,000 years ago were excavated at the top of Dragon Keel Mountain, and named them "Mountaintop Cave Man". In 1973, the introduction was discovered
The "New Cave Man" between the two eras.
(ii) Neolithic
The Neolithic period was characterized by grinding stone tools, using pottery and agricultural production. Archaeology believes that the Neolithic period dates back about 40,001 years. The main cultures of this period are:
1. Yangshao Culture (5000 BC-3000 BC)
In the middle of the Neolithic period, it was first discovered in 1921 in Yangshao Village, Yuchi County, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, and thousands of sites have been discovered so far. The Yangshao culture is famous for various painted pottery, and villages have appeared at that time, and the representative site is the Banpo site in Xi'an.
2. Longshan Culture (2400 BC - 1900 BC)
In the late Neolithic period, it was first discovered in 1928 in Longshan Town, Licheng County, Jinan (now Longshan Subdistrict, Zhangqiu District, Jinan City), famous for eggshell black pottery, and a large number of stone, bone and jade tools were unearthed in the site.
3. Hemudu culture (5000 BC - 3300 BC)
It was first discovered in 1973 in Hemudu Village, Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province (now Hemudu Town, Yuyao City), and well-preserved rice and dry-fence buildings were unearthed in the site.
4. Liangzhu Culture (3250 BC - 2150 BC)
First discovered in 1936 in Liangzhu Town, Yuhang County, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province (present-day Yuhang District, Hangzhou), it is famous for a large number of exquisite jade, especially jade, and black pottery, altars and silk threads have also been unearthed in the ruins.
5. Red Mountain Culture (4000 BC - 3000 BC)
In 1935, it was first excavated in Zhaowu Dameng (now Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) in northwest Liaoning, and the representative site was the Niuheliang site in western Liaoning, famous for ceramic nude goddess statues and jade dragons, and architectural remains such as goddess temples and altars were also found in the site, indicating that the prototype of the country had appeared at that time.