"Chong'er died at the age of nineteen and entered at the age of sixty-two", Chong'er, the son of Duke Xian of Jin, began to go into exile at the age of forty-three under the influence of Li Ji's chaotic Jin, and wandered abroad for nineteen years, and was escorted back to the Jin state at the age of sixty-two to take the throne, that is, the Duke of Wen of Jin.
Although Duke Wen of Jin was in exile, it did not affect the support and love of the Jin people, so Sima Qian called it "many Jin people are attached to it".
In the nineteen years of exile, the five ministers have never left and accompanied each other: Zhao Wan, the ancestor of the Zhao state; The fox is the culprit, the uncle; Jia Tuo; Xianxuan; Wei Wuzi, ancestor of the Wei state. It is said that there are dozens of people such as Jie Zitui and Uncle Hu, and Sima Qian did not list all of them.
Chong'er's love life in exile was still very rich, and he had a series of sexual encounters, and he married seven ladies, one of whom was also a niece-in-law. Fleeing in a foreign country, Zhong'er did not fall into a gentle country, and many beautiful women did not become a stumbling block in his life, but helped him to reach the peak of his life.
Zhai Guo, grandmother married on the door
In the twenty-second year of the Duke of Jin, Chong'er was forced into exile in the kingdom of Zhai (Di). "Heavy-eared mother, the daughter of the Zhai Zhihu clan." The reason why Zhong'er chose Zhai Country as the destination is because it is on the grandmother's door. In addition, the proximity of the Kingdom of Di and the Kingdom of Jin may also be one of the important reasons.
During the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, foreign relatives or matriarchs have always been more reliable dependencies for contenders for royal power. Even in the Han Dynasty, Sima Qian set aside chapters for foreign families.
"It's forty-three years old." Sima Qian made it clear that this year, Zhong'er was already a middle-aged comrade, at least relatively mature politically.
It was also in this year that the Duke of Jin once again falsely felled Yu and destroyed the "lips and teeth" Yu State and Yu State. The state of Yu captured the great doctor Bailixi and made him a dowry slave of Qin Muji (the sister of the crown prince Shensheng). Here Sima Qian pointed out the relationship between Duke Mu of Qin and Duke Xian of Jin as son-in-law.
"Divar was guilty, and had two daughters, and the eldest daughter's wife was heavy, and gave birth to Boxiu and Shuliu; With the girl's wife Zhao Wan, Sheng Dun. - "Shiji Jin Shijia"
The kingdom of Zhai (Tong "Di") fought against Zhai Ru (one of Chi Di's) and captured two of the chief's daughters. The older one became a wife to Chong'er and gave birth to Boxiu and Shu Liu; The younger ones gave Zhao Wei his wife and gave birth to Zhao Dun. The closeness of Zhao Wei and Duke Wen of Jin lies in this.
Exile is, in essence, fleeing for your life. In the twenty-second year of the Duke of Jin, Chong'er was chased and killed by the eunuch Bo Qi, and it was easy to escape over the wall, naturally he could not take care of his wife and children, and escaped safely under the protection of his entourage.
The eunuch Bo Zhan was a master of the Sunflower Treasure Book and was sent by the Jin Xian Gong to assassinate Chong'er, and later the Duke of Jin Hui Yiwu again sent the eunuch Zhai Guo to assassinate him.
Sima Qian also didn't seem to be quite sure of the name of this great inner master, which was called "Bo Qiang" in the former and "Fulfillment" in the later text. This eunuch repeatedly appeared at critical moments, but failed to take the life of the heavy ear, and finally abandoned the secret and saved the life of the heavy ear.
Everyone knows that this eunuch who practiced the Sunflower Treasure Book failed to kill the heavy ear three times and twice, thus rewriting the history of the Jin Kingdom.
"In the seventh year of Hui Gong, he feared heavy ears, but made eunuchs and strong men want to kill heavy ears", Jin Hui Gong Yiwu and Zhong Er are both the sons of Jin Xian Gong, and Jin Hui Gong's biological mother is the sister of Zhong'er's biological mother. It is said that Chong'er and Yiwu were very close, but Duke Hui of Jin was willing to ensure that the throne would kill Chong'er, so he sent another sword to assassinate him.
Five years after Chong'er fled to the Zhai Kingdom, Duke Xian of Jin died, and the powerful minister Rick killed the two sons of the Li Ji sisters, Xi Qi and Mozi.
"Run away with the order of the father, and the father shall not cultivate the rites of the Son of Man to serve the mourning when he dies, how dare he enter with heavy ears!" Rick sent people to welcome Chong'er back to Jin, but Chong'er, fearing that he would be killed, refused to return to Jin on the grounds of disloyalty and filial piety to his son.
Therefore, Rick retreated and chose Yiwu to return to Jin to succeed him, that is, the Duke of Jin Hui.
Wei Guo, Wei Wengong is not polite
Zhong Er knew that Jin Huigong would inevitably kill the killer, and Zhai Guo's strength was weak and insufficient. "It is a plan for Zhao Wan, etc.", so Zhong Er discussed with Zhao Wei and other loyal entourage, Zhai Guo could only rest, and he must rely on the big country to do great things. At this time, coinciding with Guan Zhong's death, it was estimated that Duke Huan of Qi lacked auxiliary ministers, so Zhong'er and others decided to defect to the State of Qi.
Why did Sima Qian emphasize heavy ears and consult with several retinues?
First, the person Jin Huigong wanted to kill was Chong'er, and several ministers were not threatened; Second, Zhao Wei and others have already married wives and had children in Di Guo, and it is unknown whether they are satisfied with the status quo; Third, the Zhai Kingdom accepted foreign exiled ministers and naturally wanted them to stay.
Sima Qian also specially explained a little here, and it can be seen that Zhong Er and Di's wife have a strong relationship, "If I don't come for twenty-five years, I will marry", worried that his wife will remarry, and even asked Di's wife to wait for him for twenty-five years.
"Chong'er lived in exile to the Zhai Kingdom for twelve years", and Chong'er was already fifty-five years old. Why did you live so long in Di Guo? It is mainly close to the Jin kingdom and is closely related. Previously, @七品草民 analyzed from the capture of Jin Huigong in the Battle of Hanyuan, it is possible that Chong'er may secretly manipulate the Jin state.
Chong'er asked Di's wife to wait for him for twenty-five years. Di's wife smiled, "Twenty-five years of plowing, the cypress on my grave is great", and when you wait for twenty-five years, the cypress tree on my grave can be used as a coffin. Even so, Di's wife comforted, "Concubines treat children." ”
From this point of view, heavy ears are definitely lovers, and they can be said to have deep affection for Di's wife. However, Chongye's dream of returning to the Jin Kingdom was not frustrated by this.
"Guo Wei, Wei Wengong is not polite", Zhong Er left Zhai Guo on the way to Qi Guo, passing through Wei Guo, Wei Wengong did not receive Chong'er passing by according to etiquette.
At this time, Wei was worried about internal and external troubles. Externally, Duke Huan of Qi led the princes to conquer the state of Zhai and helped build the city of Chuqiu; Internally, Wei Wengong "lightly punished sins, worked for himself, and shared suffering with the people", and was busy collecting the hearts of the people.
"Go, pass through the five deer, hungry and beg from the wild people, and the wild man (the country man) fills the earth vessel", after leaving the Wei country, passing through the five deer (the boundary of the Cao country), the heavy ear and the group are hungry from the countrymen to beg for food, and the countrymen put soil in the utensils for the rice to give the heavy ear. (Or: Countrymen serve rice to heavy ears with earthen pottery.) ）
The road to exile is indeed not easy, he is snubbed, and eating is a problem. Zhao Wei then persuaded Zhong Er, "Earth, symbolizes harvesting land. You should thank and then accept it. ”
Why did Sima Qian mention this?
"Heavy Ear Fury" means that Heavy Ear is unwilling to be displaced and exiled again; Or is it fate to return to the Jin succession? Or did it pave the way for the later capture of Wulu by the way when the Jin State attacked the Cao State?
Qi Guo, Duke Huan married the granddaughter
All the way to the pommel horse, the wind and meals and sleeping, Zhong'er finally arrived in the Qi Kingdom. At the age of fifty-five, Chong'er married again, and the Duke of Qi Huan received Chong'er as a prince, and chose a daughter of the Tian clan to be Chong'er's wife, and also married eighty horses.
"To Qi, Qi Huan is a generous gift, and the wife of the Zong daughter, there are twenty horses, and the ears are safe." ——"Shiji Jin Shijia"
"Chong'er Anzhi", Sima Qian used these four words to prove that Chong'er liked this leisurely life in exile, seemingly having no political ambitions or any requirements to assist the Qi state, but was content with the status quo and was happy to live in the little life of the wife and children of the Qi state.
It is a pity that God does not give heavy ears a "peaceful life".
After two years, Qi Huangong passed away. In his later years, the Duke of Qi Huan was mediocre, and politically appointed three villains, which led to the internal strife of the Qi state after his death, and the princes took the opportunity to attack the Qi state.
Although he lost the protection of the Duke of Qi Huan, Chong'er still lived in the state of Qi for five years. "Heavy ear loves Qi woman, don't go to the heart", sixty-year-old heavy ear is extremely partial to Qi Guo's wife, and is reluctant to leave Qi Guo.
As a result, Zhao Wei and Hu Wei secretly plotted to bind Zhong'er and leave the Qi state and go into exile again.
As the saying goes, "the partition wall has ears", and Zhao Wei and the culprit conspired to be heard by the maid of Qi Guo's wife. The maid took this as a merit and reported it to the wife of the State of Qi.
Unexpectedly, "his master is a waiter who kills the attendant, and advises Zhong Er to do fun", Qi wife not only killed the maid to silence her mouth, but also persuaded Zhong Er to leave quickly.
Chongye once again showed a mentality of being content with the status quo, "Life is happy, who knows the rest!" He will die here, and he will not go. "Chong'er would rather die than leave the Qi Kingdom and go into exile again.
Is this true for heavy ears?
Not necessarily.
All this is just Sima Qian's aura of deification, as if returning to the Jin throne is the destiny of heaven!
Qi's wife advised Chongye, and conspired with Zhao Wei and others to get Chongye drunk, carry him to the car and pull him into exile again. "The son does not rebel against the country, and repays the laborer, but cherishes the virtue of the woman, and steals for the son is ashamed." If you don't ask for it, when will you get the credit? ”
It roughly means: you don't hurry back to the Jin kingdom and achieve merit to repay these loyal courtiers, but instead fall in love with men and women, and I feel ashamed for you. If you don't work hard now, when will you be able to make a contribution?
Sima Qian used delicate brushstrokes to describe the profound righteousness of Qi's wife. Once again proved that the success of Chongye is inseparable from the help of his wife, and the road to exile not only reaps love, but also obtains important support for his career.
It seems that all this is providence again!
After waking up drunk on the road, the heavy ear was very angry, and even the uncle and the culprit wanted to kill, but fortunately the blamer explained that his life was saved.
"If it doesn't work, I'll eat my uncle's meat", Chong'er has no hope of ascending the throne, so he prefers to stay in a foreign country to enjoy a small life.
In exile, Cao Song Zheng Chu sowed grudges
Exiled again from the State of Qi, he experienced the State of Cao, the State of Song, the State of Zheng, and the State of Chu on the way, and there were both humiliations and great encounters along the way, sometimes life hanging by a thread, sometimes being favored, which can be described as two heavens of ice and fire, and many tribulations.
After passing through the country of Cao, Cao Gonggong was particularly curious, and when he heard the heavy ear "Qiwaki", he had to take off his clothes and admire it. Or Cao Gonggong's sexual orientation is very special, and he appreciates that heavy-eared muscular men want to be good friends.
Cao Gonggong's bizarre demand to "want to see the coercion" made Zhong Er very insulted.
There have always been different interpretations of "Qiwaki": some say "chicken breast", ribs are connected into blocks; It is also said that muscular. In any case, undressing in front of others is a great shame. Therefore, Duke Wen of Jin led troops to fight against Cao Guo in five years, and easily took revenge.
Leave the Cao Kingdom, passing through the Song Kingdom.
At that time, Duke Xianggong of Song was chased and beaten by the State of Chu after the Battle of Hongshui. However, Song Xianggong "gambled that Zhong'er would be better tomorrow", so he "gave a national gift to Zhong'er" and received Zhong'er with the treatment of princes and kings.
"The small country of Song is in new difficulties, not enough to seek entry, and it is even more a big country", Sima Gongsun Gu of the Song state originally had a friendship with Hu Wei, and the Song state was in a difficult period, his own country was precarious, and he could not better receive the heavy ear, so he tactfully advised the culprit to lead the heavy ear to defect to other countries.
Song Guoli treated heavy ears, and there was indeed a thick report. In the fourth year of the Duke of Jinwen, when King Chucheng and his princes besieged the Song state, Gongsun Gu went to the Jin state to ask for help. Duke Wen of Jin sent a three-way army to attack Cao and Wei in order to contain the Chu army and thus save the Song state.
Left the Song Kingdom and arrived at the Zheng Kingdom.
"Zheng Wengong Fu Li", Zheng Wengong did not receive according to etiquette. At that time, there were too many sons in exile, and if he came to visit once, it was estimated that Zheng Wengong was reluctant to spend money.
And Zheng Wengong's brother Zhan believed that the ears and talents were all pillars of the country, and they should be received with courtesy; If you can't receive it with a high standard, simply kill them all to avoid future troubles. Unfortunately, the arrogant Zheng Wengong did not take it seriously.
Therefore, in the fifth year of Duke Wen of Jin, Zheng Guo helped the State of Chu attack the State of Jin, and it was not expected that the State of Jin defeated the State of Chu. Then surrounded Zhengguo, Shuzhan was forced to commit suicide. Zheng Guo took Shuzhan Ren's head and begged for mercy.
"I want to see Zheng Jun and humiliate him", Jin Wengong further demanded, he must insult Zheng Wengong's talent, but he hated it.
Left the State of Zheng and came to the State of Chu.
King Cheng of Chu "treated him with courtesy to the princes (通 'enemy', equivalent to, match). In the whole exile, Zhong'er has never received such courtesy, one is a big country, and the other is a high treatment.
The heavy ear is a little uncomfortable, "Xie does not dare to be."
Zhao Wei persuaded, "You have been in exile for more than ten years, and small countries despise you, not to mention big countries? Now that King Chu Cheng has met you, don't be humble and accept it. God bless you. ”
"Heaven opens", Sima Qian used it on heavy ears many times, probably meaning that heaven blesses you (to open the way for you).
King Chu Cheng saw that Zhong'er accepted the reception of the Chu State very humbly, so he asked by the way, how will you repay me if you return to the Jin Kingdom?
Heavy Ear said without humility, "That is, as a last resort, with the king with the chariot of the plain Guangze, please destroy the king and three houses." The ancients implicitly expressed that the bloody war between the two sides was said to be "meeting with troops."
This is the origin of the idiom "retreat and retreat", in the fifth year of the Chu-Jin war between Duke Wen of Jin, the Jin army really retreated ninety li, and Yuchengpu, Qin, Song, and Jin jointly defeated the state of Chu. The battle established the supremacy of Duke Wen of Jin.
Qin State, Qin Jinzhi married Wufang
Chong'er stayed in the State of Chu for a few months, and it happened that the Duke of Jinhui Yiwu was ill, and the crown prince was a hostage in the State of Qin. The crown prince knew that if he could not return to the Jin kingdom in time, once the Duke of Jin Hui died, he would be a deposed prince.
Therefore, the crown prince fled back to the Jin state alone to take the throne, and was the Duke of Jin Huai.
"Chu Yuan, more countries and even Jin. Qin Jin took the realm, Qin Junxian, Ziqi reluctantly! "King Chu Cheng bid farewell to Chong'er, and the State of Chu needed to pass through many countries to the Kingdom of Jin. And Qin and Jin are coming, the king of the Qin State is virtuous, you hurry up.
It just so happened that Duke Mu of Qin was very angry with the hostage Prince Jin for not saying goodbye, so he asked the State of Chu to send Chong'er to the State of Qin, and King Chu Cheng did not dare to delay the trip, and escorted Chong'er to Qin.
"Heavy ear to Qin, Mu Gong with the five wives of the sect daughter heavy ear, so the son and wife and the past." ——"Shiji Jin Shijia"
When Chong'er arrived in the Qin Kingdom, Duke Mu of Qin immediately married Chong'er to five daughters-in-law, including the daughter-in-law of Prince Yuan.
"Heavy ears do not want to accept", heavy ears do not want to accept for three reasons: first, they are older; second, nieces and daughters-in-law are also among them; Third, he didn't want to be tied to the Qin Kingdom. And these three points may be the real reason, after all, once you accept Qin Mugong's five daughters-in-law, it is equivalent to being completely subject to Qin.
However, Sikong Jizi advised, "His kingdom is destroyed, and his former wife is also asked to enter by marrying Qin's relatives", and the Jin kingdom will be forcibly taken over, not to mention a former woman. This seems to be related to the second point. In the end, Chong'er accepted the marriage with the State of Qin, turned to Duke Mu of Qin, and returned to Jin to ascend the throne.
So, Duke Mu of Qin presided over a grand wedding for Zhong'er. At this time, in the autumn of the fourteenth year of the Duke of Jin Hui, in September, Duke Hui died, and the crown prince succeeded to the throne as the Duke of Jin Huai.
At the end of the year, Luan and Yin, the great doctors of the Jin state, secretly contacted Chong'er and Zhao Wei to return to the Jin state, and Qin Mugong sent troops to escort him into Jin. Lü Province and Hao Rui, led by the former ministers of Duke Hui of Jin, sent troops to block the refusal to enter Chong'er.
However, "only the former noble ministers of Duke Hui, Lü and Yinzhi, did not want to establish heavy ears", and in the end, the opposition was weak and could not prevent Zhong'er from returning to the throne of Jin. "Jin people are more subordinate", Duke Wen of Jin was supported by most people.
Ji Wei, the Duke of Jinhuai, fled to Gaoliang, where he was later hunted down and killed. Chong'er did not sit on the throne, and Lü Province and Hao Rui plotted to burn the Wu Palace to kill Duke Wen of Jin.
The Ouchi master reappeared.
Duke Wen of Jin learned of the conspiracy of Lü Province and Hao Rui. Sima Qian's description here is very detailed, and Duke Wen of Jin asks why he assassinated himself one after another, and how he defended himself.
A coup d'état was quietly handled by Duke Wen of Jin. Lü and Hao rebelled and burned down a royal palace. Later, with the help of Qin Mugong, he killed the rebels of Lü and Yi.
After the state of Jin was restored, Duke Wen of Jin returned again. "Xia, welcome the wife Yu Qin, Qin Suo and Duke Wen's wife died as the wife. Qin sent 3,000 men to guard in preparation for the Jin chaos. ”
The State of Qin not only married Duke Wen of Jin to his daughter-in-law, but also had five rooms; also helped return to the Jin kingdom and suppress civil unrest; Now the convoy has been given away.
Is Duke Qin Mu really kind?
Non also.
Madam, this is the highest rank of the king's daughter. The five of them controlled the harem, and after the death of Duke Wen, the three generals Meng Mingzhi, Xi Qishu, and Bai Yibing who were captured in the Qin State in the battle of Qin Jinxian were released because Lady Qin was crying.
The 3,000-strong guards were not so much to protect Duke Wen of Jin, but why not to manipulate Duke Wen of Jin? It is still unknown who will obey at the critical moment. From this point of view, the third may be larger.
Conclusion:
When Sima Qian wrote the Shiji, he had been trying to "investigate the heavens and men". Chong'er went from being a son in exile to returning to become the Duke of Jin Wen, in addition to human factors, there may also be providence.
Duke Wen of Jin's nineteen years of exile was originally a journey to escape, upside down, through hardships, through ups and downs, and finally stood at the peak of life.
The marriage of the Qi State and the Qin State was not to appease the elderly, nor to inherit the lineage of Chong'er. "Qin envoys servants with the heart of a solid son", this sentence was originally said by the daughter-in-law of the crown prince and the state of Qin, but it actually applied to heavy ears.
"There are eight sons who sacrifice their sons, and the princes Shensheng, Chong'er, and Yiwu all have virtuous deeds", and the eight sons of the Jin Xiangong, the princes Shensheng, Chong'er, and Yiwu are all virtuous. Therefore, the purpose of Qi State and Qin State to use women is to tie the heart of heavy ears and make him willing to enjoy a comfortable life, after all, the sages of heavy ears are more taboo for Qi Qin.
If it weren't for chance, perhaps Chongye would really indulge in the gentle township and no longer have the ambition to return to the Jin Kingdom. If it weren't for Chongye's constant adherence to political ambitions, perhaps it would be possible to spend his old age in a foreign country.
Of course, Chongye was forced to go into exile and suffered various abuses on the road of exile, which may have inspired Chongye's rise to prominence.
Success is not about sooner or later!
If you can resist many temptations and carry through all kinds of hardships on the road of life, you will eventually achieve a better future. Sima Qian's detailed account of Chong'er's exile life was nothing more than to express such views, rather than gain insight into Chong'er's scandalous past.