Hello! I am Tea Youdao, click "Follow" above, we share all aspects of tea culture for you.
Depart from Yunnan and visit important towns and post stations on the Yunnan-Tibet Line of the Ancient Tea Horse Road. In the last few issues, we started from the Guanma Ancient Road in southern Yunnan and introduced the important towns along the ancient tea and horse road such as Yiwu, Simao, Ning'er, Yuanjiang, Yuxi, Kunming, Qujing and Zhaotong on this route. From this period, we set off from Pu'er and traveled north along the Yunnan-Tibet Line of the Tea Horse Ancient Road, looking for important towns around the northwest route. We hope to learn more about the history and culture of the Tea Horse Civilization through the world's highest terrain, the most dangerous mountain road and the most distant Tea Horse Civilization Road. Today we will first take you to Jinggu to introduce the Xiangyanjing salt tea ancient road ruins and so on.
Aerial photo of Jinggu County
The center of Jinggu County is overlooked
Jinggu Dai Yi Autonomous County belongs to Pu'er City, Yunnan Province, located in the southwest of Yunnan Province, west of the central part of Pu'er City, bordering Ning'er Hani Yi Autonomous County in the east, Weiyuan River and Xiaoheijiang River in the south, connected with Simao District and Ning'er Hani Yi Autonomous County along the Lancang River, Lancang Lahu Autonomous County and Linxiang District of Lincang City in the west, Shuangjiang Lahu Wa Brown Dai Autonomous County across the river, Zhenyuan Yi Hani Lahu Autonomous County in the north, Weiyuan Town, the seat of the county people's government, 130 kilometers away from Pu'er City, Kunming is 466 km away. Jinggu County is an important tea, forest pulp, forest plate and forest chemical base in Yunnan Province, and is listed as the first batch of plateau characteristic agricultural demonstration counties in Yunnan Province, and is one of the origin and main production areas of Pu'er tea.
The stone steps of the Grand Canyon in Jinggu
Spring view of the Grand Canyon in Jinggu
Jinggu ancient called "Meng Sleeping" land, Dai "Meng" for place, "Sleeping" for well, meaning a place with salt wells. According to legend, "Weiyuan" is a transliteration of "Woyun", which means Yanjing City. It is named after the Jinggu River (Weiyuan River) that runs through the city. According to archaeological excavations, Neolithic cultural relics have been found in Zhengxing and other townships (towns), proving that there are human beings living in the land of the Prospect Valley for three or four thousand years.
Before the Ming and Qing dynasties, most of Jinggu was inhabited by ethnic minorities and was in the economic state of feudal territory. The "transformation of the land and return to the river" in the Ming and Qing dynasties abolished the hereditary system of tusi, and all ethnic groups were directly under the rule of the liuguan, and the implementation of policies such as tunbing, tuntian, and immigration penetrated into all fields of production and life, gradually integrating the social economy into one. The large-scale migration of the Han nationality has brought advanced culture, production technology and production tools, and has made economic and cultural exchanges among various ethnic groups increasingly frequent.
In the third year of the Yongzheng Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty (1725), the Weiyuan Hall was set up in "Transforming the Land and Returning to the River", which belonged to Zhenyuan Prefecture; In October of the thirteenth year of the Yongzheng Dynasty (1735), the Weiyuan Hall was downgraded to a dispersal hall and transferred to Zhenyuan Prefecture; In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong (1770), the Pu'er Branch Defense Weiyuan Hall was set up to Fuyi Qingjiao Tongzhi, which belonged to Pu'er Province. In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), it was changed to Weiyuan County and belonged to Pu'er Province. In June 1949, the People's Government of Jinggu County was established. It belongs to Ning'er Special District. In 1970, Simao Prefecture was changed to Simao District, and Jinggu County belonged to Simao District. In 2007, Simao City was renamed Pu'er City, and Jinggu Dai Yi Autonomous County belongs to Pu'er City.
Jinggu features green trees and stupas
Jinggu Dai Yi Autonomous County tourist attractions
Jinggu is a beautiful green town, passing through the Weiyuan River, the ecological park with tropical style by the river, the tree Baota Pagoda Bao tree of Mengwu Zongfo Temple, the Burmese Temple in the morning mist, the endless sugarcane forest, and the mountains and green trees under the sunset, all of which leave a good impression. The main attractions of Jinggu are: Mengnai Xianren Cave, Pazhuang River, Qiannuo Buddha Temple, Daxian Renjiao, Jinggu Lake, Weiyuan River Nature Reserve, etc.
- The tree pack pagoda of Jinggu Guanmengji Temple. Tower bag tree
Under the hanging bell mountain in the north of Jinggu City, Yunnan, there is a Guanmeng Temple, also known as Mengwu Buddha Temple, and there is a stupa on the left and right of the temple, one is called "Tree Holding Pagoda" and the other is called "Tower Holding Tree". Both stupas were built in 1644. Due to the humid climate of Jinggu, birds and finches brought the seeds of the big banyan tree into the brick crevices of the stupa, and over time, they took root and broke through the soil, and they were born intertwined with the stone pagodas, and hundreds of years later, they grew into the wonders they are today. When you travel to Jinggu, remember to see the Twin Towers.
Jinggu Guanmei Temple in front of the tree pack tower. Tower bag tree
On the east side of the Buddhist temple is the "Tree Holding Pagoda", with a circle below, a gourd treasure roof, and a 21-story stone carving, which is carved with Buddhist scripture stories and Dai folklore images, as well as various birds and animals. The tower was built in 1644. Jinggu Guanmeng Temple, also known as Mengwu Buddha Temple, is a religious site of the Dai people, solemn, magnificent and with a long history.
On the left is the tower pack tree, and on the right is the tree pack tower
Jinggu famous check-in points: Tower Pack Tree and Tree Pack Tower
On the west side of the temple is the "Pagoda Holding Tree", which is 7.2 meters high and has 20 layers of sandstone reliefs, the shape is the same as the one on the east side, but the stone carving style and stone carving content of the pagoda are different. In the center of this stupa grows a handsome banyan tree that is more than thick, like an umbrella inserted in the pagoda. The tree is 20 meters tall, not as thick as the one on the left, and the shade area is relatively small, but it is also vibrant.
- Weiyuan River Nature Reserve
Weiyuan River Nature Reserve is located in the southwest of Jinggu County in southern Yunnan Province, in the lower reaches of the Weiyuan River, a tributary of the Lancang River. 41 kilometers by car from Zhongbi Road, through the rich Zhongshan Dam, you step into the 40-kilometer-long green canyon - Weiyuan Nature Section Reserve. The reserve is crossed by the Weiyuan River, with green forests on both sides of the river, tropical rainforests on the riverside, mixed broadleaf forests in the middle, and Pu'er coniferous forests on the top of the mountain. Dozens of meters high woodland in the reserve covers every mountain. The two sides of the river are no more than a few hundred meters wide, standing on both sides can talk, as long as one side shouts, even if no one answers, the mountain has an echo.
Weiyuan River Nature Reserve
The Weiyuan River flows through the lofty mountains of the Wuliang Mountain branch, because the green mountains and green waters complement each other, it seems that the mountains and waters are blended and complement each other; Sometimes the flow speed is gentle, as if dare not disturb the silence of the mountains and forests, and sometimes the flow speed is accelerated, as if singing a song with Songtao, giving people a rhythm of the beauty of the mountains and the beauty of the water.
- Pazhuang River Nature Reserve
Pazhuang River Nature Reserve is located in the Pazhuang River belt of Zhengxing Town, more than 60 kilometers away from the county seat and about 50 kilometers away from Pu'er, which is a historical Dai Theravada Buddhist pilgrimage holy site and a scenic spot with beautiful karst landforms. The scenic area is close to the Mining Highway, with convenient transportation, and the river flows into the Xiaohei River from east to west. The water of the Pazhuang River is crystal clear all year round, the blue water bay ring, the mountains on both sides of the bank hugging, the limestone exposed living rock wall is steep and majestic, the momentum is extraordinary, or the stalactite is inverted and transparent, like a sculpture, or like a palace jade garden painting column, deep and elegant, or like a colorful silk brocade, light and flowing... The mountains are green and verdant, and the veil is swaying. A variety of fish and shrimp swim, and the colorful pebbles on the beach are colorful and cute, which is endearing.
Pazhuang River Nature Reserve
There are more than 30 caves in the scenic area, distributed within a radius of about 24 square kilometers, forming a natural cave group with unique scenery. Among them, Tsubaki Tree Cave, Tianxian Cave, Conscience Cave, Huaxian Cave and Daxian Cave are the most famous. The stalactites in these caves are wonderfully shaped and varied, some like terraces, some like a girl sleeping, some like lotus flowers, some like a mother and son clinging to each other... The well-arranged, dense stone tables, stone benches, and stone candlesticks are even more ingenious, as if they were deliberately placed by the immortals.
- Qiannuo Buddha Temple
Qiannuo Buddha Temple, located in Qiannuo Village, Jinggu County, is an ancient building of the Qing Dynasty, built in 1778. It is composed of mountain gates, ordination halls, monks' rooms, halls, dormitories and other buildings, with a magnificent scale, covering an area of 3,960 square meters, and is one of the largest Dai Theravada Buddhist monasteries in Yunnan. The main hall is a three-eaves hilltop garden corridor-style building, with three rooms of 15.5 meters wide and a depth of 22.5 meters, and the eaves are all composed of three floors of bucket arches. It is a provincial key cultural relic.
Qiannuo Buddha Temple
The ruins of the ancient tea horse road in Jinggu
Jinggu Dai Yi Autonomous County was a Weiyuan Hall under the jurisdiction of Pu'er Province in ancient times, which is one of the important production areas of Pu'er tea and is the necessary place for the Pu'er Tea Horse Road to go north from Pu'er to Tibet. In history, Jin Shi Ji Xiangting led the people to plant tea plants, and Li Wenxiang laid the prototype of "Tuo Tea" production, which became a good story on the ancient road of Pu'er Tea Horse. According to the research and investigation statistics of the local government, the site of the Tea Horse Road in Jinggu County is about 6 kilometers long, of which about 5 kilometers are well preserved, and there are 14 ancient tea horse road sites and major cultural relics in the territory. In recent years, the local government and people of Jinggu have vigorously excavated, researched and protected the historical and cultural heritage of the Tea Horse Road in Jinggu, and some of them have been restored and opened to visitors.
It is said about the "Salt Tea Ancient Road" and the "Tea Horse Ancient Road"
Walking to Jinggu, Zhenyuan and other places, we will also see many road name signs in the attractions are "Salt Tea Ancient Road", netizens may ask, what is the difference between the Salt Tea Ancient Road and the Tea Horse Ancient Road? In fact, both names refer to the communication lines of the time, which were first used to transport salt and minerals, and later used to transport tea. There is nothing wrong with calling them the Salt Tea Road and the Tea Horse Road, but later generations of researchers are used to calling them collectively the Tea Horse Road. Here we want to talk about the origin of the "salt tea ancient road".
The southwest of Yunnan is a famous salt and tea producing area, creating the legend of "using salt to promote tea". Jinggu County has salt wells such as Fenggang, Xiangyan and Baomu, Zhenyuan County has salt wells such as Pingban, Engeng, Dashan, and Dajing, Ning'er has salt wells such as Mohei and gypsum wells, and Mengla has salt wells such as Moxie. These places are the famous salt-producing highlands in southwest Yunnan, and in history they are rich and oily places, and whoever controls the salt wells is equivalent to controlling the local economic lifeline and becoming a local tyrant on the rich side. Salt is a necessity for human survival, and it is also one of the main taxes of ancient countries, where salt is produced, there are official roads, and commercial markets and important towns are formed along the route.
The fragrant salt well of Jinggu
The inscription of the fragrant salt well during the Republic of China
The large-scale mining of salt wells in Jinggu and Zhenyuan began in the Ming Dynasty, and a large number of Han people who migrated from the south of the Jiangsu River were deep in the Wuliang Mountain, and the Weiyuan River lived by boiling salt in a stove, becoming a famous prosperous market town due to salt. The pot salt produced by it is transported to all directions. All kinds of daily necessities needed to be pulled in from the outside, so transportation roads centered on the market town of Yanjing were developed and extended into the distance. The huge profits from the large-scale development of salt mines in southwestern Yunnan during the Ming and Qing dynasties were enough to support many poor mountain and remote areas to set up various businesses. As a result, the prosperity of industries in southwestern Yunnan was promoted, and patches of fertile land were reclaimed, and they also found highly profitable commodities other than salt, so tea and tobacco were widely cultivated, and various businesses were formed, and Yunnan tea and tobacco soil were transported to all parts of the country, even overseas. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Yunnan was full of horse gang bells, carrying tea and other materials in all directions, so Yunnan's transportation system was collectively known as the Tea Horse Road.
Deep shafts in salt mines
A pot and iron pot for boiling well salt
Ancient handmade salt method, to first dig a well to mine salt ore, salt ore in the brine pool after soaking to obtain brine, brine precipitation, clarification and pumped into the iron pot set up in the stove, ignited and burned, brine tumbled and boiled, slowly salt sand. At this time, the workers will fill the pot in the back row to continue heating, and the front pot will continue to add brine to continuously generate salt sand, and so on, and finally take out the formed salt. Because the finished salt is in the shape of a large pot, it is "pot salt".
Ancient salt making pot salt
In fact, the largest ancient tea producing area in Pu'er City is in Jingdong, Jinggu and Zhenyuan counties, which we call the "Jingjing Town" tea area, just as the Shiping people used the profits of operating an old tin mine to develop the ancient six tea mountains in Banna, the huge profits of Yanba also supported the "Jingjing Town" tea area to grow tea, make tea and sell tea. This is the origin of "salt tea".
Throughout the rise of Pu'er tea, it is undoubtedly the road of raising tea with salt and tea with minerals. In Jinggu, Zhenyuan and other places, the Tea Horse Road and the Salt Horse Road were originally a road, from the development and change of salt and tea, to only tea and not salt, for example, it is more appropriate to call it "Salt Tea Ancient Road" in Jingdong, Jinggu and Zhenyuan. Tea, salt, tobacco soil and various minerals can drive the prosperity of the commodity economy, but the most far-reaching impact is tea, so Yunnan's ancient and modern transportation routes on the bulk of materials, the amount of tea is certainly far less than Yanba minerals, but the significance of tea is the most far-reaching, so it is uniformly called the Tea Horse Road by later generations.
First, the main route of the Jinggu Tea Horse Road
Jinggu Dai Yi Autonomous County is the transportation artery from western Yunnan to southern Yunnan to the east and west of the Lancang River. The main road from Dali in western Yunnan to southern Yunnan turns from north to east, from Zhentai of Zhenyuan Yi Hani Lahu Autonomous County through Jinggu Street, Longtang, Mangleng, Jinggu County Seat, Nuanli, Mengnai Ferry, Manggu and Xisha to Ning'er Hani Yi Autonomous County, with a mileage of about 100 kilometers in the county. During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the county seat of Jinggu was about 840 kilometers from the provincial capital, and salt and tea were transported to western Yunnan and the provincial capital by folk horses and cattle. The frequent distribution of important commodities such as salt and tea has led to the formation of the ancient Mabang Road. East out of Ning'er, up to Kunming; Go south to Simao, you can go to Jinghong, Menghai, Lancang, Menglian, and even neighboring Myanmar, Thailand, Laos; westward into Lincang, Shuangjiang, Gengma, Cangyuan; Go north to Zhenyuan, Jingdong, Dali, and as far as Tibet. The ancient tea horse road line in Jinggu can be described as extending in all directions.
The Jinggu Tea Horse Road is divided into eastern, southern, western and northern routes.
(1) Eastern Route: First, the county seat to Ning'er. 3 horse stations (30 km each); After grinding black→ Mojiang→ Yuanjiang→ Yuxi →Kunming, the whole journey is 15 horse stations, and the round trip takes 1 month. The second is the county seat to grind black. The whole journey is 4 horse stops.
(2) Southern route: the county seat to Mengzhu: through Nanjing→ Xiangyan→ Baizhang Village → Mengzhu. There are two routes from Mengzhu to Simao: one is through the Buffalo Village → Simao; The second is the → Simao at the Songmaolin ferry port → the Ryu seed. There are three routes from Mengzhu to Lancang: one is through the Taiping River→ the Lama River→ Zhaojia Village→ the Monai Ferry Port→ Lancang; the second is the → Qianyu via Mengliang → North-South Ferry; The third is to pass through the Naxu → Lasa ferry port → Lancang Laoluzhai. There are also Pu'er from Mengzhu to Pu'er, through the land pond→ Yao village → Pu'er.
(3) Western Route: First, the county seat to Lincang: through Dahaizi → Lincang Shenjiazhai. The second is the county seat to Mengjia: through the sea → Mengjia. There are two routes from Mengjia to Shuangjiang County: one is Shuangjiang County through Xiaomodao River → Baishapo →; The second is to pass through Liangshan→ Jiali Street → Shuangjiang. and from Mengjia to Lancang; Xiangyanjing to Mengjia Yunyan Road; Yixiangjing to Mengjia Yun Salt Road.
(4) Northern Route: First, the county seat to Zhenyuan: passing through Mangleng→ Lujiashan→ Baomujing→ Zhenyuan; The second is from the county seat to Jingdong: through Mangleng→ Jinggu Street → Jingdong, the whole journey is 5 horse stations.
Second, the main site of the Jinggu Tea Horse Road
(1) Fragrant salt wells and the ruins of the ancient tea horse road
On both sides of the Weiyuan River, it is one of the rich salt producing areas in Yunnan, and there have been many ancient salt wells such as Jingdongjing, Engengjing, Pingbanjing, Baomjing, Xiangyanjing, Yixiangjing, etc., and Xiangyanjing is one of them. With the changes of the times, most of the former salt wells no longer exist, and the Fenggang Salt Plant, one of the four major salt factories in Yunnan, was closed in 2006, and only the fragrant salt wells can still be mined normally, and the traditional ancient handmade salt making skills are inherited.
The Dai place name for fragrant salt is "lying lane", which means a place with a large salt well. Xiangyanjing, as the name suggests, is named for the excellent quality of salt. The pot salt produced by Xiangyanjing has few impurities, pure taste, strong penetration ability and high sodium chloride content, and won the second place in the 1990 Yunnan Province salt competition. The pickles and bacon marinated in pot salt are called "fragrant salt" because of their good color and flavor, and in addition to supplying local areas, they are also exported to Myanmar, Laos, Thailand and other countries. In order to inherit the ancient salt culture, in 2020, on the site of the ancient salt well, the ancient handmade salt experience hall was built. Tourists come here to see this ancient salt-making process, and even make "pot salt" with their own hands.
Fragrant salt village overlook
The site of Xiangyanjing Tea Horse Road is located in the north of Xiangyan Village, Weiyuan Town, at 23°24′42" north latitude, 100°39′51" east longitude, and 1029 meters above sea level. The site is well preserved, with a stone inlaid pavement of 330 meters, the rest is mostly dirt, the width of the pavement is 1.6 meters to 2.2 meters, and the stone paved is bluestone and red sandstone. Now, there is a stone monument of the "Salt Tea Ancient Road" on the main road of Xiangyanjing Village.
The stone stele of the ancient road of salt tea in Xiangyan Village
Fuyutani 28 martyrs sacrificed
To Xiangyanjing, in addition to experiencing ancient salt production, it is more about feeling the red culture here and receiving party history learning and education. On the eve of liberation, the newborn people's power and the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang fought a bloody and fire struggle over this land of wealth. The salt well is not only a source of wealth, but also the focus of contention in successive dynasties. In Xiangyanjing, while remembering the revolutionary martyrs, we can also see the struggle behind the wealth of Yanjing, a touch of red history in the ancient culture of salt tea.
(2) Bi'an Ancient Town and Bi'an Tea Horse Road Ruins
Bi'an Township is located in the southwest of present-day Jinggu County (Guwei Yuan Hall), bordering Yizhi Township of Jinggu County to the east, Yunxian Township of Simao City across the Xiaoheijiang River to the south, Mengban Township of Jinggu County and Lancang County to the west, accompanied by green and blue, and Yongping Town of Jinggu County to the north. Jinggu Bi'an Township, formerly known as Biling Township, means Biling Green Mountain, a place with beautiful scenery. When the local people's government was established in 1950, Anle Township in Mengban was assigned to Biling Township, and each township took a character, hence the name "Bi'an". Bi'an Township Government Station Mengzhu Street, surrounded by green mountains, beautiful scenery and pleasant climate.
Jinggu Bi'an Town and Mengzhu Old Street vista
Yingxi Building The former site of the main branch of the Communist Party of China
Bi'an-Mengban (stone mounted road) Ruins of the Tea Horse Road
Bi'an-Mengban (stone mounted road) Ruins of the Tea Horse Road
The ruins of the Bi'an-Mengban (Stone Mosaic Road) Tea Horse Road are located between Mengban Township and Bi'an Township, Jinggu Dai Yi Autonomous County, Puer City, Yunnan Province, with a length of 3 kilometers. It is 106 kilometers away from Jinggu County, 5 kilometers away from Mengban Township and 3 kilometers away from Bi'an Township. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, it was an important ancient road connecting Mengban-Bi'an (Bi'an-Mengban). It is said that the construction of this route was initiated by the squire and enlightened man Luo Zhengming, who used prisoners to solve the labor problem, especially the carrying of stones, and gave them the opportunity to atone for their crimes. Before liberation, the commerce and handicraft industry of Mengzheng Street was the most prosperous. At that time, Mengzheng Street merchants and vendors were densely packed along the street, and all kinds of horse gangs came and went to do business, and there was an endless stream, which was very prosperous and lively. Because it is located in the traffic artery, it has become an important passage for trade between the southern region of Yunnan Province and Myanmar and Thailand, and is an important post station on the ancient tea horse road.
The site of Bi'an Leech Chong is located in the south of Leech Chong Mountain in Bi'an Township, located at 23°4′59" north latitude, 100°25′18" east longitude, and 1426 meters above sea level. The site is well preserved, there are stone inlaid pavement 2058 meters, the rest are mostly dirt roads, the width of the pavement is 1.2 meters to 1.9 meters, a few sections of the road are damaged by natural disasters such as landslides, paving stone slabs are scattered around the ancient road, the ancient road site is clear, and the paving stone is red sandstone and bluestone.
Bi'an Township, Jinggu County, is an important post station on the ancient Tea Horse Road on the east bank of the Lancang River. Mengzheng Street, the seat of the people's government of Bi'an Township, is the patriotic education base of Jinggu County. In the early forties of the last century, there were more than 300 households on Mengzhong Street, with high walls, strict barriers, various commercial houses, street vendors, and various horse gangs; At night, gas lamps, horse lanterns, and kerosene lamps are bright all night, and are known as the "Little Kunming" of Jinggu. It is east out of Ning'er, Simao, north to Zhenyuan and Jinggu, west to Lancang and Lincang, south to Cheli (now Jinghong City), Fohai County (now Menghai County), Nanxian County (now Mengzhao Town), and through the southwest road to Myanmar and Thailand.
Bi'an has an important geographical location, up with the domestic Zhenyuan, Jinggu, Yuxi, Kunming to all parts of the country, down with Jinghong, Menghai, Mengchada Myanmar, Thailand and even the world, for a time became the center of economic, political, ideological and cultural in Sipu, and Bi'an climate is pleasant, and located in the Lancang River and Weiyuan River, Xiaoheijiang adjacent to the water resources, Mengzhu around many wells, in the era of agriculture is undoubtedly unique, creating a rich supply of Biguang products, merchant travel endlessly, rapid economic development, known as "Little Kunming".
Due to the prosperity of commerce and trade, the large number of business travels, and the relatively convenient and hidden activities of party organizations, they provided unique advantages for opening up underground party and revolutionary armed struggle in Sipu District (including the entire territory of Pu'er City, Xishuangbanna Prefecture and parts of Yuxi City and Lincang City), these people have drawn a strong mark in the history of Bi'an, such as Bi'an's "international liaison officer" - Liu Yanan, the guide of the revolutionary struggle - He Hongnian, Political Commissar of Puguang Force - Chang Enze, Armed Commissar of Mengzhu Branch - Shi Keming, At the same time, there are also a series of stories of democratic revolution that are well-known at home and abroad, such as the returned overseas Chinese party branch, the Jinglanliu (Jinggu County, Lancang County, Liusun) Military and Political Committee, and the first batch of returnees of the CPC Returned Overseas Chinese Party Group arrived in Mengzhu, and jointly led the work of opening up the area around Jinglan and Liu, and established the Puguang Army, forming a strong leadership core and combat command headquarters to guide and command the people of all ethnic groups on both sides of the Lancang River to overthrow the reactionary rule in the dark, and cooperate with the great mission of national liberation. Bi'an was then known as the "Little Yan'an" of the Sipu area.
Biguangmeng Main Street has a rich ancient town style, and traditional residential buildings such as the old teaching building of Biguang Middle School, Luo Zhengming Inn, Daximen, Chen Family Courtyard, and Tan's Courtyard are still well preserved. In addition, the Bi'an mountains are undulating and densely forested, and there are also natural landscapes such as the natural "Haizi" of the Manhe River, the "single-tree forest" of Mahei, the "Great Nitro Cave" of Bingkang, the "Three County Trees" of Qiande, and the "Dragon's Blood Forest" of Pingzhang.
(3) Ruins of the Tea Horse Road in Xujia Village
The ruins of Xujiacun Tea Horse Road are located in Xujia Village, Jinggu Town, located at 23°45′38" north latitude, 100°37′26" east longitude, and 1305 meters above sea level. The site is well preserved, with a stone inlaid pavement of 286 meters, the rest are mostly dirt roads, the width of the pavement is 0.8 meters to 1.8 meters, and the stone paved is bluestone and red sandstone, which is a section of the section of the county seat → Jinggu Town → Zhentai Town.
Xujiacun Wind and Rain Bridge is located in the south of Xujia Village in Jinggu Town and was built in the Qing Dynasty. Wind and rain bridge length 8.35 meters, width 2.7 meters, both sides of the bridge deck built with wooden guardrails and benches and backrests for passers-by to rest, the whole bridge frame by the left and right sides of 14 columns, 5 beams, the bridge deck is made of beams and wooden planks, both sides of the pier with 0.3 meters wide, 0.5 meters thick, more than 1 meter long red sandstone strips along the banks of the river to build a moat more than 2 meters wide, more than 4 meters long, perennial river impact piers are well preserved.
(4) Longtang Village Tea Horse Road Site
Longtang Village Tea Horse Road Site is located in the southwest of Longtang Village Committee Station in Weiyuan Town, located at 23°37′25" north latitude, 100°39′47" east longitude, and 1311 meters above sea level. The site is well preserved, with 1523 meters of stone inlaid pavement, the rest are mostly dirt roads, the width of the pavement is 0.8 meters to 1.8 meters, and the stone paved is red sandstone, which is a section of the section of the county seat → Jinggu Town → Zhentai Town.
(5) Ma'anshan Tea Horse Road Site
The site of Ma'anshan Tea Horse Road is located in the northeast of the Senpai Group of Fengshan Town, located at 23°43′19" north latitude, 100°49′37" east longitude, and 1050 meters above sea level. The site is well preserved, with a stone-mounted pavement of about 290 meters, the rest are mostly dirt roads, the width of the pavement is 1.6 meters to 2.2 meters, and the paving stone is red sandstone and bluestone, which is a section of the Zhenyuan Road section → the → of the county seat.
(6) The ruins of the Baomu Well and the Tea Horse Road
"Baomu Jing" is located in Fengshan Town, Jinggu Dai Yi Autonomous County, Puer City, Yunnan Province, 42 kilometers from the county seat of Jinggu. Baomu Jing, now known as Baomu Village, because of its rich salt production, has been an important town on the ancient road of Yanmu, salt tea and tea horse road since ancient times. In the 39th year of Qianlong (1774), Weiyuan Hall was moved from Dazhai (now Jinggu County) to Baomujing, becoming the political, economic and cultural center of the whole hall. In the sixth year of Guangxu (1880), Weiyuan Hall moved back to Dazhai, and Baomujing still administered three townships (villages) including Xuanhua, Gaoping, and Baomujing, and Baomujing was upgraded from a small mountain village to the seat of the government for 106 years.
The characteristic residential buildings of Baomu Village
There are several versions of the legend about the mother-holding well, one of which is that a long, long time ago, the herdsmen living in today's mother-holding well found two leopards by a river, one female leopard has died, and the baby leopard cub that is still alive has been holding the mother's arms, and the herdsman found the villagers to find out what happened, and found that there was a different spring on the bank of the river not far from the leopard, and he tried it with his mouth, which had a very strong taste of salt. The female leopard may have died after drinking too much salt water, perhaps the female leopard used her life to instruct people to have salt mines here, and later people called the salt well here as the hugging mother well, which refers to the baby leopard holding its mother, and referring to the leopard and the same as the hugging genus.
The ancestors of the people holding the mother well mined salt and the salt boiling process was primitive and ancient, digging a salt well, carrying the salt ore out of the ground and breaking it with water to melt it, and then using a large iron pot to fry on fire, after the water evaporated, the pot solidified gray-white table salt, and the salt block formed the bottom of the pot, so it was named cauldron salt. The characteristics of the salt of the mother well, salty with aroma, salty taste can quickly immerse and diffuse in the food body, very suitable for pickled bacon, pickles and the like, since ancient salt in the mother well has been particularly popular, for the government, merchants rush to buy. After its establishment, unified the production, purchase and sale of salt, and in 1953, the Baomu well, which had been mined for more than a thousand years, finally stopped production and sealed the well, ending the historical mission.
Starting from Dali, the "Wanmu Ancient Road" leads to Anzhao, Jingfu, Daluo, Zhentai in Zhenyuan County, Dabaomujing, and Mohei in Ning'er County. Salt is a necessity for human survival, and it is also one of the main taxes of ancient countries, where salt is produced, there is an official road, forming a commercial market and an important town. Although today's Baomujing is just an ordinary small mountain village, it still retains some historical relics, and ancient bridges, ancient roads and various stones scattered in different corners still highlight the former glory of this place.
Holding the mother well wind and rain bridge
The deck of the Wind and Rain Bridge has benches for pedestrians to rest
Humujing wind and rain bridge, is a more than 40 meters long, about 4 meters wide wind and rain bridge, bridge, bridge deck, etc. are wooden structure, the top level of the bridge uses green tiles, under the main bridge there are four stone piers have experienced thousands of years of vicissitudes, one end of the bridge is divided into two entrances and exits, forming a horse turning pavilion, cornices and walls, in the ancient bridge and flowing water, wind and rain bridge has become a beautiful scenery. Entering the ancient village, there is an ancient street less than 4 meters wide and hundreds of meters long, the street is paved with brown-red stone slabs, and there are houses and streets on one side of the river. The stone road winds along the Baomu River, and the shadow of the old house that has been cleansed by the years, only those exquisite stones can see the prosperity and glory of the past.
(7) Yingpanshan Stone Arch Bridge
Yingpanshan Stone Arch Bridge is located in Xiangshui Village, Jinggu Town, at an altitude of 1370 meters, and is a single-hole stone arch bridge with red sandstone structure.
(8) Mangyu stone arch bridge
Located in Lianhe Village, Weiyuan Town, the Mangyu Stone Arch Bridge is a single-hole stone arch bridge with red sandstone structure. It was built in the eighth year of Qing Daoguang (1828) for the local people. The bridge is 18.9 meters long, 4.25 meters wide, 20.2 meters high and 11.1 meters in span, and spans the Jinggu River, which is the only way for the ancient Tea Horse Road from Weiyuan (Jinggu) to Jingdong in the past. In 1944, the gentlemen of Jinggu raised funds to rebuild it. In December 2013, it was listed as a municipal cultural relic protection unit.
(9) Small tile bridge
Xiaowa Bridge is located in the Mangyu Villagers Group of the United Villagers Committee of Weiyuan Town, and is a single-hole stone arch bridge with red sandstone structure. It was built in the Qing Dynasty for the local people. With a length of 20.6 meters, a width of 4.25 meters, a height of 20.2 meters and a span of 13.4 meters, the bridge is the only way to pass through the ancient Tea Horse Road from Weiyuan (Jinggu) to Jingdong.
(10) Fuxing Bridge
Fuxing Bridge is located in the upper reaches of the Weiyuan River in Baomu Village, Fengshan Town, about 30 kilometers away from the county seat, was built during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the bridge was destroyed in the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868), and rebuilt in 1938. The bridge spans the east and west banks of the Baomu River, is a three-hole stone tile bridge, each hole distance of 14.5 meters, the bridge deck is a wooden sleeper plank, the two ends of the bridge are steps of a strip of stone, the tile surface is a hanging hilltop, the whole bridge is 11 grids, and the bridge head has a stone monument erected when the bridge was built in 1938. The bridge is still in use and is the main passage for the villagers of Baomu Village. In January 2012, it was listed as a provincial-level cultural relic protection unit.
(11) Four Far Bridges
Siyuan Bridge, also known as "Four Eyes Bridge", is located in Baomu Village, Fengshan Town, and is built in the wine house basket, tile house basket, Liangjia basket, and Liangshui basket, of which the stone arch bridge built in Liangjia Qi and Liangshui Qi is well preserved, all of which are single-hole stone arch bridges constructed of red sandstone, and the remaining two have been damaged, leaving only ruins. The stone bridge named Jiyuan Bridge, built in the Qing Dynasty, is a red sandstone structure single-hole stone arch bridge, the bridge is 11.9 meters long, 3.25 meters wide, 3.2 meters high and 6.3 meters span.
(12) The former site of Biguang Middle School
Biguang Middle School site is located in Mengzhu Street, Bi'an Township, Jinggu County, the school was originally donated by local people in 1945, the school building consists of the main room and the wing, through the bucket type civil structure, hard hilltop, the main room five bays 17 meters, three rooms 12 meters deep, the second floor and one bottom of a total of three floors, two wing buildings, six bays 21 meters, two deep rooms 4 meters, the first floor and one bottom. The total area is 369 square meters, with playground and court. From April 1948 to October 1949, the school held two training courses for military and political cadres, with more than 100 students, most of whom participated in the "Puguang Unit" of the liberation of Sipu District. In February 2019, it was listed as a provincial-level cultural relic protection unit.
(13) Luo Zhengming's Inn
Luo Zhengming's Inn is located in Bi'an Township, Jinggu County, built in 1946, is a first-floor one-bottom bucket-type civil structure hard hilltop building, a total of 6 bays, 24.5 meters long and 9.4 meters wide, with five cement square pillars on the front, square stone carvings on the capitals, and a modified five-sided stone base on the base. In December 2013, it was listed as a municipal cultural relic protection unit.
(14) Duan's compound
Duanjia courtyard is located in Baomu Village, Fengshan Township, Jinggu County, built in 1948, the whole house consists of the main room, left and right wings, covers an area of 389.82 square meters, the first floor and a bottom civil structure through the bucket type walking horse corner building, sitting east facing west, the main room, the left and right wing rooms are three-bay, the depth is 5.6 meters. In December 2013, it was listed as a municipal cultural relic protection unit.
From ancient times to the present, although the Tea Horse Road is a "sheep's intestine road", it is a corridor for economic and cultural exchanges among ethnic groups in the southwest, an important trade road for the Mabang, which promotes economic and cultural exchanges and drives local economic development. The ancient tea horse road is a broad and profound topic, whether it is the red mud avenue, or the dense forest path and rugged mountain road, as well as those villages, old houses, post stations, wind and rain bridges, etc. along the way, it is a record of the entrepreneurial spirit of the southwest people, is an endless fighting spirit, is a brave spirit that is not afraid of hardships and dangers.
【Tea has a road headline - search for the tea horse ancient road topic】
Starting from Yunnan, explore the important towns and post stations along the Tea Horse Road (Yunnan-Tibet Line), we will share with you Jinggu (Xiangyanjing), --- Zhenyuan (Enle Town), ---Jingdong--- Nanjian--- Xiangyun (Yunnan Yi), --- Dali (Xiaguan--- Jianchuan--- Lijiang--- Shangri-La (Zhongdian) --- Deqin --- to Lhasa, tomorrow we will enter Zhenyuan (Enle Town) along the Tea Horse Road Yunnan Tibet Line.
#Tea has a way to spread all aspects of tea culture for you
Statement: The above text and pictures are partly from the Internet, information is expensive to share, if it involves copyright and other issues, please contact to correct the error
Cha Youdao Headline Group: Editor: Lao Qiu Review: Xiao Yang