China's five ancient capitals, Beijing, Nanjing, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Xi'an (Chang'an), are the most famous ancient capitals of China. They have experienced the history of China and still stand on this land, telling the stories of what happened in the past to future generations:
1. Beijing (Yanjing)
Beijing is the capital of China and includes (in chronological order):
The state of Yan during the Spring and Autumn period (722-481 BC): called Ji
Liao Dynasty (907-1125), the second capital: called Yanjing
Jin dynasty (1115-1234) from Sejong to 1215: called Jungdu
Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368): Dadu in Chinese, Dadu in Mongolian, and Khanbali in Turkic. This was called "Cambuluc" by Marco Polo.
The Ming dynasty was known as Jingshi from Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty (reigned 1402/1424) to 1644.
The Qing dynasty fell from 1644 to its demise in 1912.
Beiyang Government of the Republic of China.
Historical Places in Beijing:
Tiananmen Square, Forbidden City, Simatai Great Wall, Mutianyu Great Wall, Temple of Heaven, Peking Ruins, Ming Tombs, Bell and Drum Tower, Prince Gong's Mansion, Summer Palace.
2. Xi'an (Chang'an)
Xi'an (known as Chang'an in ancient times) was the capital of several dynasties, including (in chronological order):
Western Zhou, called Fenghao.
State of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period 221–207 BC: Xi'an is located near Xianyang, the capital of the former Qin Dynasty.
Western Han Dynasty from 206 BC to 9 AD
New dynasty 8 to 23
Eastern han dynasty
Western Jin Dynasty
Former Zhao State, a state during the Sixteen Kingdoms period of the Jin Dynasty (265-420).
Former Qin State, 351 to 394 AD, Sixteen Kingdoms period.
Later Qin State, 384-417 AD, Sixteen Kingdoms period.
Western Wei
Northern Zhou
Sui dynasty 581-618
Tang Dynasty 618-907
Historical Places in Xi'an:
Shaanxi Provincial History Museum, Big / Small Wild Goose Pagoda, Grand Mosque, Bell and Drum Tower, Ancient City Wall, Qin Terracotta Army.
3. Nanjing
Nanjing, including (in chronological order):
The Six Dynasties were all called Jianye (建業) or Jiankang (建康). The Six Dynasties are:
The Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period
Eastern jin
Liu Song
Southern Qi
Liang dynasty
Chen Dynasty
Before the Ming Dynasty, the Yongle Emperor moved the capital to Beijing.
Taiping heavenly kingdom. During the fall of 1853 to 1864, it was known as Tenkyo (literally "Tiandu")
After the Northern Expedition of the Republic of China until 1937, when Japan invaded China in World War II, Chiang Kai-shek retreated to Taiwan after the war until 1949.
Wang Jingwei's pro-Japanese collaboration with the government.
Nanjing Historical Places:
Nanjing Confucius Temple, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, Zhonghua Gate.
4. Luoyang
Luoyang, including (in chronological order):
Eastern Week
Eastern Han 25 to 220
The State of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period
Western Jin Dynasty
Northern Wei moved the capital from Datong to 493.
The Later Tang dynasty of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Luoyang Historical Places:
Luoyang White Horse Temple, Guanlin Temple, Shaolin Temple, Longmen Grottoes.
5. Unpack
Unpacked, including (in chronological order):
Later Liang during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Later Jin during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Later Han dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
The Later Zhou of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Northern Song Dynasty: called Tokyo
Kaifeng Historical Places:
Xiangguo Temple, Tieta Park, Longting Park, Shaanxi Gan Hall.
You also know which places were once the ancient capital of the dynasty, share them in the comment area