Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia, bordered by the Caspian Sea to the west, Iran to the south, Afghanistan to the southeast, Uzbekistan to the northeast, and Kazakhstan to the northwest. By the end of 2021, the population was 6,341,900, of which 95% were Turkmen, and the residents were mostly Sunnis. The Turkmen are a mixed type of Europa and races and are one of the Turkic-speaking peoples. The official language is Turkmen, and Russian is spoken by the inhabitants.
With a land area of 491,200 square kilometers, the capital city of Ashgabat, which means "city of love", is an oasis city located in the Karakum Desert. Most of the country is plains and lowlands, and 80% of the territory is covered by the Karakum Desert. To the south and west are the Kopet Mountains and the Parrotemitz Mountains. Because it is located in the Mediterranean seismic zone, it is often threatened by earthquakes.
The climate is typically temperate and continental, making it one of the driest regions in the world. The daily and annual temperature differences are very large. Although it is an arid and semi-arid region with scarce rainfall, in order to solve the problem of uneven water sources in Turkmenistan, the Soviet era built the world's largest irrigation project - Karakum Grand Canal, which attracted the ice and snow melt water of the Amu Darya River, formed a characteristic irrigated agriculture, and planted a large amount of cotton and wheat.
The proven reserves of natural gas are 19.5 trillion cubic meters, ranking fourth in the world, and it has the world's second atmospheric field - Fuxing gas field. Rich in mineral resources, mainly glauconite, iodine, non-ferrous metals, etc.
Around 2000 BC, the ancient Iranian Fallsians who raised horses for a living came here. Around 1000 BC, class society emerged. Since then, it has been continuously invaded by foreigners. The Persians, Turks, Arabs, and Mongols all established states here. The Turkmen nation was formed in the 15th century. In 1917, Soviet power was established. He joined the Soviet Union in October 1924. Independence on 27 October 1991. It joined the CIS on 21 December 1991. On 12 December 1995, the 50th session of the General Assembly adopted a resolution recognizing Turkmenistan as a permanently neutral State.
During the period of Emperor Wudi of Han, he made two expeditions of thousands of miles to Dawan, and the sweat and blood BMW he wanted to obtain - the scientific name "Akhalte Golden Horse" - is a national treasure of Turkmenistan and is painted on the national flag by Turkmenistan.