Arachnida—Suborder Neoarachnidae (below): Rhizophobidae
17. Arachnidae
Hahniidae (scientific name: Hahniidae), the family Taiwan spider directory records 1 genus and 2 species, for the transverse wart spider Hahnia corticicola, Zhejiang warty spider Hahnia zhejiangensis, the Japanese spider book has 3 genera and 3 species, one of which has no lateral stripes on the ventral back.
(1) Morphological characteristics
The cephalothorax is longer than wide and the head is narrow. With 8 single eyes in 4+4 two rows, both of which are slightly anterior (i.e., the lateral eye is closer to the lower border of the frontal.
Body length 2-3.5 mm, yellowish brown, cephalothorax dorsal plate with black radial streaks, abdomen long ovate, anterior dorsal half of the abdomen with a double line of black longitudinal stripes, posterior half with 5-6 symmetrical transverse bands, lateral margin densely spotted, each foot slender and hairy, internodes with black spots, ventral end with 6 exotrusion silk warts, of which 2 extra-long, anterior teeth 2-3, posterior teeth 5-6; The anterior middle eye is black, significantly smaller than the anterior eye; The stomata are opened at the midpoint of the line connecting the external gastric sulcus and the middle filarial wart; The female is open anteriorly and has a pair of black-brown triangular laminates on either side, and a pair of black-brown longitudinal chitinous plates on the posterior edge of the external sulcus of the stomach; The tibial protrusions of the male antennae are large and curved, with thin ends, and the knee protrusions are small, curved and unbifurcated. It is distributed in mid-altitude mountainous areas, inhabiting the slopes, with extremely fine silk, covered with low bryophytes, clustered, and locally abundant.
(2) Horizontal wart spider
Hahnia corticicola belongs to the spider family Arachnidae , with a body length of 2.2-2.5 mm, brown or grey-brown body color, a broad round head and thorax, and a prominent middle fossa and radial streaks.
There is an inconspicuous fine stripe in the center of the transverse wart spider, the abdomen egg is long and densely covered with fine hairs, there are 4-5 pairs of figure-eight stripes in the center of the back, except for the first pair of shorter separations, the rest of the left and right markings are connected, and the ventral silk warts are 6, of which 4 are exposed, and each foot has brown and black markings. This species is also known as the tethered spider, small, mainly distributed in flat land to low-altitude mountainous areas, commonly found in agricultural land, soil slope depressions near the ground to build thin filamentous nests, early morning or rain and fog can be seen in the net dense sticky dewdrops, distributed in the 1200 meters of mountainous areas of the old body, appear under the lamp at night, the first 2 steps of the foot bend to cover the head in the state of alert, good at camouflage is not easy to find them.
18. Quasi-flat-bellied spiders
Zodariidae includes 828 species in 72 genera. It feeds on ants, also known as "ant spiders". Such as Storenomorpha, Mallinella, Doosia, etc. It is the only family of Zodaroidea.
(1) Morphological characteristics
There is only one species recorded in this family, this species of appearance mimicry ants, ground-dwelling, good at crawling, appearance like the quasi-flat-bellied spider Mallinella shimojanai, but distributed in the middle altitude mountains, is a female spider, the abdomen is thin, each foot is brown, internodes are not marked,
Flat-bellied spider, head and thorax wider than abdomen, black shiny, eight eyes arranged in 2 rows, surrounded by a mouth, the upper and lower ends of the eyes are not connected. Body length 7.6mm, similar appearance of individuals or species, this picture of the abdomen reddish-brown, ventral dorsal yellow spots 7.
(2) Species characteristics
Quasi-leveling from Yunnan Province and Hunan Province, respectively. Genus Torenomo, Ph., 2 new species: Yunnan Stowe, species S.y, nnan, sp.nov. and S.y, zhang sp.n. v.. Yunnan Stowe abdomen dorsal and bilateral spots, triangular, anteroposteriorly connected, row. Thick posterior tibial process, anterior, with 2 distances, long dorsal distance and 1, curved. The outer female has a wide septum and is intercoursed. The cavity is divided into two cavities, which are larger. The seminal vesicles are located near the posterior edge of the genital stalk, the copulation tube is thick, from posterior to anterior, with 1 inflection point in front of the copulation cavity, twisted. Connected posteriorly to the seminal vesicles. Yizhang Stowe, 4 pairs of markings on both sides of the dorsal surface, separated from each other without connecting into lines, posterior tibial process and ventral distance longer than dorsal distance, inserter whip-shaped, longer than Yunnan Stowe spider, the end is a distance beyond the genital sphere.2 The morphological structure of the new species is different.The length of the two distances distal to the posterior tarsal process is significantly different and the dorsal spot of the ventral patch is different from the type species S. comottoi Simon, 1884.
19. Round-jawed spiders
Corinnidae ( Corinnidae ) , also known as the tube spider family , is a family of arachnids in the suborder Arachnidae. Round-jawed spiders and light-helmeted spiders were formerly part of the tube nest spider and were later separated. The continent is known to have the genus Echinax, the genus Castianeira, the genus Corinnomma, the Oedignatha, the genus Orthobula, the genus Trachelas, and the genus Utivarachna. It belongs to the family Corinnoidea.
(1) Classification history
As with other " marsupials " species , the taxonomy of the family has been confusing in the past. In the past, the family species were large waste barrel classified spiders in the family Bagultidae, but now most species in the family have become independent, leaving only a small number of species left. The original members of the family are apparently morphologically similar, but are limited to the following three:
They all have eight eyes arranged in two columns;
with conical front spinnerets touch; and
Usually a wandering predator, it forms silky resting places or sacs at the ends of plants, between leaves, under bark or under rocks.
In addition to the marsupialidae themselves, even the two subfamilies under the family Tuberidae later became separate into their own families, Phrurolithidae and Trachelidae. In addition to these two subfamilies, there are 67 genera and 720 species in the family, distributed around the world. The most common genus is the genus Pure Arachnids, which is found worldwide. This spider is unique in that its appearance mimics ants and antbees. Other ant-like tubular arachnidae species include species in the genera Mazax, Myrmecium, and Myrmecotypus. Corinna is a type genus of the family Corinna , a small spider class.
(2) Pure spider genus
Castianeira is a genus of spiders in the family Castianeira. It originally belonged to the subfamily Micarilnae of the family Clubionidae. In 1969, Reiskind established the subfamily Castianeirinae as the model genus for this subfamily.
(1) Macular pure spider
The macular spider (Castianeira flavimaculata) is a genus of spiders in the family Roundjaw spiders. In China, it is distributed in Hubei, Zhejiang, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan and other places, mostly found in tea gardens and farmland. The type localities of this species are in Hubei, Zhejiang, Hunan and Guangdong.
A. Female spiders
Body length 8-9 mm. The dorsal carapace is chestnut and densely covered with white villi. The head is raised and shiny. The cervical sulcus and radial sulcus are black. The anterior and posterior dentary embankments of the chelicera, each with 2 teeth, hairy. Chest plate and footsteps black. The abdomen is pear-shaped, with a dark spot on the back and raised outward, with a white ring on the dark spot. There is a white ring band on the back and a white band on the middle and back of the abdomen. There is a light longitudinal band in front of the spinner. The outer female has a distinct fertilization vesicle on each side of the posterior part.
B. Male spiders
The body length is about 6 mm. The white transverse band on the ventral back is inconspicuous and the body color is darker than that of the female. The tibia of the tentacles is longer than the knee segment, and the lateral side of the medial ventral side of the terminal is raised.
(2) Mahuang pure spider
Castianeira tinae is a genus of pure spiders in the family Roundjaw spiders. It is distributed in India and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan, Sichuan, Shaanxi and other places in China, mostly inhabiting mountainous rice fields or mountainous dry land. The type locality of this species is in India.
20. Pyridae
Itatsina praticolaStr is a genus of spiders. Medium-sized, head and thorax and each step foot yellowish brown, each foot is thick, the upper edge of the leg segment and the lateral edge of the tibial tarsal segment are short hairy, the ventral back is blackish brown, the center color is lighter, there is a black-brown longitudinal line inside, and the sides are arranged with figure-eight lines.
This species is found in mid-altitude mountainous areas , occurring at night and is not widespread. Two species in 2 genera were recorded in the family Taiwan Bionet, the other being Sphingius pingtungTso et al., 2005 Type unknown.
21. Bagulidae
Clubionidae (Clubionidae), also known as the tube nest spider family, includes 538 species in 15 genera.
(1) Basic characteristics
Thymanidae, small and medium-sized, body length 3~15 mm. Wire pipes are built under stones, in leaf bushes or in grass, hence the name. Clubiona is known in mainland China, which is divided into 90 species, including capsular nest spider group, Japanese tube nest spider group, Thousand Island nest spider group, plumed tube nest spider group, soil yellow tube nest spider group, fat tube nest spider group, wing tube nest spider group, open tube nest spider group, tube-like nest spider group, three-pronged tube nest spider group, thin tube nest spider group and fan tube nest spider group.
(2) Mati spider genus
Mati spiders, martyrospermiae, are slender and mainly distributed in Taiwan, and are new species.
The male is 4.5 mm long, slender, transparent head and thorax and feet, red muzzle, long tentacles, pink ends, pink abdomen, 2 white spots near the base of the ventral surface, tapering at the end, and the nest silk is as thin as tulle. There is only one species in this genus, the light pink abdomen of this species is rare, distributed in low-altitude mountainous areas, perched on the back of moon orange leaves, and nests in them.
(3) Japan bag snake
The Japanese marsupial spider (scientific name: Clubiona japonica) is a genus of marsupials in the family Clubiona. Body length 4.8 mm, head and thorax and each step foot gray-brown to brown dense gray-white short hairs, each foot long, internodes with light yellowish-brown spots, abdomen narrow and long, the widest center, the end is narrow, there are 4 rows of black-brown figure-eight stripes in the middle and back of the abdomen, there is a black-brown longitudinal spot at the front end, and the male and female body size and markings are similar. There are 14 species in this genus, this species is distributed in mid-altitude mountainous areas, inhabiting artificial structures such as wall corners, and will also inhabit the wild, building bag-like nests, and haunting at night, not common.
(4) Snow mountain bag spider
Snow mountain marsupials, a genus of marsupials in the family Bagulidae, females are 6 mm long, reddish-brown head and thorax, slender antennae, yellow-brown, large jaws well developed, long abdomen, black-brown.
Snow mountain bag spider This species is called Astullum nest spider, mainly distributed in mid-altitude mountainous areas, perched in the corner of the wall to build bag-like silk for nesting, day rest and night haunt hunt small insects for food, belongs to the wandering species, different from the low altitude seen, anterior and posterior side eyes separated, body color reddish-brown, spinners exposed, each foot yellow-brown, hind foot slightly longer than the front foot.
(5) Leaf curly bag
Clubiona japonicolaStr is a genus of marsupials in the family Clubionaceae. Female spiders are 7-9 mm long, male spiders 6-7 mm, head and thorax light gray-brown, behind the eyes with gray-white short hair, upper jaw black developed, tentacles long slender light brown, abdomen long oval, black-brown, near the base of the center has a dark reddish-brown longitudinal spot, the end is thin, there are 2 pairs of tendon points on the left and right of the longitudinal spot, the lower end of the tendon point has an inconspicuous depression, the ventral end is rounded, and the silk wart is protruding.
There are 14 species in this genus, a variety of similar types but this species is easy to distinguish from habits, this species is distributed in flat to low and middle altitude mountains, inhabiting paddy fields, swamps, streams and other moist lands, to grasses parasite, female spiders will triple fold the leaves into rice dumplings when laying eggs, and then lay eggs in a closed nest until the young hatch to come out to feed, male spiders and female spiders that do not lay eggs are woven thin silk to hide on the leaves, crawling out of the nest at night to wait for prey, female spider laying habits are different from other species. In particular, the love of closing oneself in the nest room until the hatchling of the young spiders is the most touching.
(6) Shovel-shaped marty spider
The spade-shaped marti spider is a species of martidae in the family Bagiophyllaceae, this species is distributed in low-altitude mountainous areas, commonly perched on the back of leaves, spitting silk tents as a nest, hunting or wandering to hunt, oval transparent, about 15-30 grains reunited, female spiders have egg protection behavior.
Small, slender abdomen, slightly wider anterior and posterior, dendritic, cephalothorax and feet transparent, belly yellowish brown or transparent, each foot slender, each foot open when moving.
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