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I believe that many people have heard of the book "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea", in the underwater world, there are thousands of fish, and there are fantastic and magnificent marine plants, but for most people, everything under the sea is full of mystery and unknown fear.
There are countless different kinds of animals living in the ocean, mostly fish, so what exactly is under the sea?
Deep
We usually refer to the sea 200 meters deep as the deep sea, and at this depth, the ocean is almost pitch black and life continues in it.
Naturalists have caught silk-finned fairies at depths of 200 meters, and few people know of its existence, and the appearance of fairy fish is colorful, like a pearl lighting up the darkness of the deep sea.
For human beings, the exploration of the ocean and the exploration of the universe have never stopped, and a variety of technical means and tools have been developed to explore the deeper part of the ocean.
It is known that the depth at which humans can reach the bottom of the sea by deep diving is 300 meters, and as mentioned earlier, the depth of the sea is 200 meters and below 200 meters, this area due to the lack of sunlight and oxygen care, so that most of the underwater creatures living in this dark area are strange in appearance, which is because of the survival in a special environment, like a lanternfish, the appearance looks particularly peculiar.
This is the effect on fish, what would happen to people in the deep sea without any equipment to protect them? The answer is freezing to death or dying of pressure on internal organs by water pressure.
However, this is only a few hundred meters deep, and the further down, the more mystery and danger there is. The trench is more mysterious than the deep sea just mentioned, and the ravines and islands at the bottom of the sea are shaped like the ground, and the trenches in them are like abysses, narrow and steep, and the depth of the ditch is up to 5,000 meters.
The most well-known are the Philippine Trench and the Podoli Trench, located in the Southern Ocean.
According to geological analysis, due to the interaction between continental and oceanic plates, we eventually form what we call a "V" shaped trench, similar to a land depression.
Mariana Trench
Trenches are very special in the ocean, but because of this particularity, they have also created a common point in research, that is, studying trenches is the key point for studying the ocean.
The Mariana Trench, a name familiar to everyone, is the deepest known trench in the world, located near the Pacific Ocean, discovered in the fifties by an underwater submersible from the United Kingdom, at a depth of 11,034 meters.
If you don't think it's concrete enough, imagine the highest mountain on the ground, Mount Everest, which is only more than 8,800 meters high, and the depth of the Mariana Trench has exceeded 10,000, you can imagine how many creatures we have not fully explored are "sleeping" in this abyss of more than 10,000 meters.
What's under the sea?
Back to the original question: what's under the sea? In the area 3 meters below the sea, there are many microorganisms invisible to the human eye, and the water temperature here is only 10 degrees Celsius, which is equivalent to the temperature of spring and autumn on the ground.
However, because microorganisms are too small to be recognized by the human eye, many people do not know that swimming in the wild, although free and wandering, these microorganisms will take advantage of people's attention and burrow into the body, and then attack the human body's defense system.
Red tides are the first to appear in the offshore waters, and many red tide organisms about 2 meters thick can be seen here, but some organisms are very toxic and sometimes threaten human life.
When we look at the sea at a depth of 20 meters, we can find many "mild" things, such as coral, the color of coral is pure, bright and bright, as an organic structure, it is composed of tens of millions of coral polyp skeletons, it sounds a little scary, but in this sea, corals feed many aquatic animals and plants, which are important nutrients for their survival.
Some scientists have found that coral reefs are very rich in oil resources and mineral resources, and these resources have the role of industrial production. However, in the eyes of ordinary people, the biggest role of coral is its ornamental value, and it is very beautiful to put in a fish tank at home.
Further down is 40 meters to the bottom of the sea, there are not enough creatures to call representative, but it is extremely dangerous for people, because at this depth people have already noticed the abnormality of the body - getting heavier.
This weight cannot be accurately calculated, but as with a weight of several thousand kilograms, a person will be dizzy and nauseous here, and if he is not rescued in time, then he will sink deeper into the sea with the pressure.
At a depth of 100 meters under the sea, some even more strange creatures appear, they are no longer small and cute bodies or brightly colored corals, but large sea monsters. Among them is the giant octopus with a body length of 6 meters, which weighs 15 kilograms and is a mollusk.
One of its more magical things is that it can change color, which is because this giant octopus is a characteristic color cell, which allows it to change its color consciously, just like a chameleon, it can assimilate with the color of some surrounding plants to avoid some tricky opponents.
After the depth of 200 meters, it is the deep sea, there is no place where light shines, green plants can not absorb light, so they can not survive, let alone plants, even fish here are difficult to survive, only a royal ribbon fish about three hundred centimeters long, slender body, like a swimming dragon.
Of course, the royal ribbon fish is the boss in this sea area, and the main reasons are: first, there are few fish; Second, cannibalism, over time, it has become the "overlord" fish here.
What will be at a depth of 300 under the sea? First of all, if you love seafood, you will like it, because the largest crab here, which is 4 meters long and weighs about 20kg.
In addition, it is also very different from ordinary crabs in terms of lifespan, it can live up to 100 years, and it is also the largest crab species in the world.
What does it look like to be 500 meters deep? Take penguins living in Antarctica as an example, most of them can only live above 500 meters, but only emperor penguins can go 500 meters deep into the bottom of the sea, in addition to emperor penguins, there are many squid in other seas, but this squid and ordinary squid are also a little different, they are mollusks, often called king squid.
Humans often put the king squid and other octopuses together, in fact, the two are not the same, first of all, the king squid has a fierce and aggressive personality, and even whales that are not afraid of sharks will be wary of it.
It is mysterious, and in the legend about the sea monster, it was mistaken under the name "sea monster" for nearly 327 years, during which time it made countless newspaper news and became a monster in another world.
To a depth of 1,300 meters below sea level, there is a Chinese second-class protected animal, it is the world's largest turtle, named leatherback turtle, it was discovered by humans in 2011, the shell of this turtle is about 1500 mm long, about 900 mm wide, the average weight is more than 100 kg, living in various seas on the earth.
Continue diving until the depth reaches 2,000 meters, you can see the black dragonfish, it looks like the silver-banded fish, the appearance looks flat, it generally weighs about 600 grams, and the body length is 80 centimeters.
In addition to the name of the black dragonfish, it is also called the arapaima, but because it has a yellow sac under its pectoral fin, it is also called the black dragon spit pearl by Hong Kong people.
200 meters belongs to the deep sea, 3000 meters of the bottom of the sea also belongs to the deep sea, but these two depths are not a level, the water pressure here is enough for a person without any protection measures to die invisible, of course, human beings so far in addition to relying on submarines, it is impossible to dive into such a deep seabed through their own strength.
There is a sperm whale living here, weighing 50 tons, and the ambergris known to humans comes from its body, ambergris can be used as a spice, and the role of conditioning the body.
At a depth of 3,800 meters, you can see the remains belonging to humans, that is, the well-known Titanic incident. In 1912, the Titanic sank due to an accident, and its wreck was not discovered until the eighties of the last century.
The domestic "Jiaolong" can dive to a depth of only 7062 meters, which is called the ultra-deep sea, so far, only two countries have visited this depth of the sea, one is China, the other is Japan, but the "Jiaolong" is five hundred meters deeper than Japan, so it is China that reaches the deepest sea.
Some people are curious, the United States is so advanced in science and astronomy, why is there no movement in this field?
How could the United States pass up such an opportunity to show itself, like Japan, they have produced many underwater robots to survey and other work on the seabed. For detection, the deeper the water, the easier it is to test the function and utility of the machine, first of all, it is necessary to have a strong enough pressure resistance to protect the machine shell and protect humans from sea pressure.
In the ultra-deep sea area of more than 3,000 meters, humans can see many lionfish, it is one of the deepest fish caught by humans so far, and this lionfish is also the deepest fish under the sea, with a depth of 8178 meters, which is close to the height of Mount Everest.
The study of them can answer some questions in the depths of the seabed to a certain extent, such as whether the environment of the seabed affects the change of body size of organisms, etc., because generally in the depths of the seabed, animals and plants are larger than the "shallow water" above.
In addition, as mentioned at the beginning, the deeper the seabed, the more strange the appearance of organisms, most of them are ugly, so for animals, whether certain factors in the deep sea region can have a certain influence on their genes.
Scientists believe that there are still many special creatures in the Mariana Trench that humans have not yet explored, and if they are found, it is believed that one day in the future, it can make a great contribution to the cause of studying the ocean.
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