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Second, shortly after the medieval Bosnian Byzantine Empire recovered the Bosnian region, the Slavs who originally lived in the basin of the Vistula River (in present-day Poland) were affected by the great migration of peoples, some tribes

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2. Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Middle Ages

Soon after the Byzantine Empire reclaimed Bosnia-Herzegovina, the Slavs who originally lived in the Vistula River (in present-day Poland) were affected by the Great Migration of Peoples, and some tribes moved south to occupy and settle in the Balkans, according to the later Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII (De Administrando Imperio), between 620 and 630 AD. A tribe called Serb (later Serbs) settled in the territory of present-day Serbia, another tribe called Croats (later Croats) settled in the territory of present-day Croatia, and Bosnia, as a geographical name, between Serb and Croat territory, also appeared in the first documentary records during this period, when no ethnic group dominated Bosnia. Rather, there was a mixture of Serbs and Croats, as well as a small number of herders from the Byzantine Empire.

The Slavs moved south in the 7th century, and Bosnia and Herzegovina can be seen between the Croats and Serb tribes, which mixed in this land.

In the ninth century, the Carolingian dynasty of the Frankish kingdom occupied western Bosnia and parts of Croatia, and the remaining parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina (eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina) were occupied by Serbs, and then the Croatian king Tomislav expelled the Carolingian dynasty and took over the territory of eastern Bosnia in the early 10th century, and then Bosnia-Herzegovina was occupied by the Kingdom of Croatia and the Duchy of Serbia. In 1030, northeastern Bosnia was given to the Kingdom of Hungary as a dowry for his daughter by the king of the Grand Principality of Serbia, and a third force began to enter Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Around 1137, the Kingdom of Hungary occupied most of Bosnia and Croatia, and in 1154 appointed Borić as the first Bosnian Baen (from Croatian, meaning local administrator, the area under its jurisdiction was called Baen, the name was mainly found in Croatia and Bosnia, and remained in use until the Yugoslav period). Soon after, however, the Byzantine Empire defeated the Kingdom of Hungary in Bosnia and gained control of Bosnia, deposed Baenboric, who had been appointed by the Kingdom of Hungary, and in 1180 installed another Kulin, who was born in Bosnia, but there is no documented ethnic group to which he belonged. Baankulin was committed to the independence of the Bosnian people, and during his reign Bosnia gained decades of peace, although nominally subordinate to the Byzantine Empire, but in fact independent, and he presided over the signing of the famous Baankulin Charter with the Republic of Ragusa (present-day Dubrovnik) in 1189, as a trade agreement between the two sides, accelerating the economic development of the Bosnian region at that time. The Baenkulin Charter, the first document in Old Bosnian, is preserved in St. Petersburg and two copies are preserved in Dubrovnik, making it one of the most precious ancient documents in the Balkans. Because of his contributions to Bosnia , Baen Kulin is often posthumously regarded as the first and greatest ruler of Bosnia (and Bosnia).

Original Baan Kulin Charter, one of the most precious ancient documents in the Balkans.

After Baenkulin's death, Bosnia's power waned and it fell into a semi-independent state, alternating between the Kingdom of Hungary (mainly Croats, in this case the Kingdom of Croatia under the Kingdom of Hungary) and the Nemanja dynasty of the Serbian kingdom for more than a hundred years. After the fall and division of the Nemanja dynasty in Serbia, and the weakening of the control of the Hungarian kingdom (Croats) over Bosnia, Tvrtko Kotromanić (Tvrtko Kotromanić) rose to the throne in 1353, allied with the Grand Duke of Lazar of Serbia, jointly expanded the territory, and became emperor in 1377, establishing the Kingdom of Bosnia, the first truly independent regime in the land of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is worth noting that although Bosnia became an independent kingdom at this time, there was no "Bosniac" nation in every sense, so the main ethnic composition of the Bosnian Kingdom at this time was still Serbs and Croats.

The expansion of the independent regime in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Middle Ages, beginning with the Baen Kulin era, to the establishment of the Bosnian kingdom by Tvrtko Kotromanić.

Second, shortly after the medieval Bosnian Byzantine Empire recovered the Bosnian region, the Slavs who originally lived in the basin of the Vistula River (in present-day Poland) were affected by the great migration of peoples, some tribes
Second, shortly after the medieval Bosnian Byzantine Empire recovered the Bosnian region, the Slavs who originally lived in the basin of the Vistula River (in present-day Poland) were affected by the great migration of peoples, some tribes
Second, shortly after the medieval Bosnian Byzantine Empire recovered the Bosnian region, the Slavs who originally lived in the basin of the Vistula River (in present-day Poland) were affected by the great migration of peoples, some tribes

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