laitimes

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

author:Xinxin's historical story

At the end of the 16th century, Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified Japan. After that, he began to plan to use Korea as a springboard to invade the Ming Dynasty. Since April, the Japanese army has been in full swing, entering Korea as if it were no man's land, and the Korean army has been defeated one after another.

The news that Japan was about to enter Kou Hanyang reached the imperial court, and the leader Li Shanhai proposed that Xuanzu "spread the move". Influenced by the tradition of party rivalry in his country, Li Shanhai, as an easternist party, was immediately strongly opposed by other parties. Due to the grim situation, the king of Joseon tried his best to arrange for the public and went north to "broadcast the migration". At this time, the territory of Korea was almost lost, and under such circumstances, they all agreed that Li Hengfu propose to cross the Yalu River to the Ming Dynasty for "annexation".

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

The disagreement of the Ming court on the issue of "encling" was merely the product of a temporary compromise between the parties. The subsequent party struggle intensified the internal contradictions of the ruling class, and at the same time laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty; The discussion of the "annexation" issue by the Korean court led to serious confrontation between monarchs and subjects, which had a profound impact on the political landscape.

First, the political pattern of the Ming Dynasty under the "attachment" controversy

The dispute between the Ming courtiers over the "annexation" of Xuanzu of Korea prompted the cabinet, the military department, and the Liaodong capital to quickly unite. Due to the short duration of the "annexation" incident, coupled with the scorching party strife in North Korea, Xuanjo felt pressure, and after the North Korean request for help, the "annexed" request was not successful. Therefore, for the Ming courtiers, any cooperation at this time was attracted by common interests, and once the interests were opposed, the alliance would collapse.

The discussion of Xuanzu's "annexation" incident by the Ming court officials had an important impact on the future "tribute incident", and at the same time, two events showed the continuous weakening of the cabinet's authority and the raging official and political disputes. The problem of Xuanzu's "attachment" that appeared during the Imchen War left hidden dangers for the intensification of party disputes in the future, and laid the groundwork for the later Donglin party disputes.

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

According to the Ming history, "Zhang Juzhengguo, the lord of power." Shen Shixing followed, the momentum was fierce, Wang Xijue was rigid and negative, and people were also afraid. Zhi Gao is the first assistant, more than seventy years old, old. Soft and cowardly, he was slighted by the courtiers, and criticism abounded. "Since Chang's death, the power of the cabinet has weakened. On the issue of "encling", the cabinet has increased its credibility by uniting with agencies such as the military department, attacking ministers with different political views, and there seem to be signs of a return in power. Therefore, the "enclosed" incident shows that the cabinet ignores the power of words.

As the war situation continued to develop, the party strife rebounded, and the words and officials counterattacked. At this time, the party dispute was concentrated on the "tribute" incident. The chief assistant of the cabinet is the respondent of the military department in the central government, the military department is the presiding officer of the "tribute" event, and the front-line generals are the executors.

After the failure of the "tribute" period, the personnel who quickly formed the party during the "annexation" period were violently impeached by the officials, which not only caused the cabinet to lose its former authority, but also caused the political situation of the Ming Dynasty Central Committee to be chaotic, and the party struggle became increasingly fierce and out of control.

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

Bingke impeached Song Yingchang for listening to Shen Weijing's words as "stupid", and Shi Xing immediately refuted it, and Song Yingchang's move was "the reason for the restoration of Korea... No scheming". Zhang Fuzhi did not buy Shi Xing's response, and once again went to Shuo: "This is all Shen Wei respecting his words to misunderstand Ying Chang, and Ying Chang to regain his words to misunderstand the cabinet, Shi Xingsu is loyal, and does not deepen his investigation and fallacy."

Zhang Fuzhi's omission is, firstly, to blame all the blame on Shen Weijing, and secondly, there is no lack of excuses for the cabinet to cover up his guilt. Zhang Fuzhi was a scholar in the fourteenth year of Wanli, and was selected by Wang Xijue with Yuan Huang and Liu Huangxiang, and the protégés relied on each other. Wang Xijue only stepped down in May of the 22nd year of Wanli, and before that, even if the cabinet led by Wang Xijue made wrong decisions, Zhang Fuzhi, as a protégé, must not speak out and criticize.

After Wang Xijue's post, the impeachment of Wang Xijue and his protégés was overwhelming, first Yang Yipeng, the imperial historian of Guangzhou Dao, impeached "Song Yingchang, Shi Xing, Gu Yangqian, and Liu Huangchang for cheating each other", and then the military department was forced to thoroughly investigate whether Song Yingchang, Liu Huangchang, and Yuan Huang had withheld military salaries. Since then, the impeachment of Shi Xing, Song Yingchang, Li Rusong and others has come one after another.

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

Henan Dao's imperial history Zhou Kong Jiao Shangshu "If the star is obsessed and does not understand, he is stunned for his own use, he breathes on the mouth of the horse, and his pen and tongue are between the rat's heads, and he misleads the country", and Tongshu impeached Zhao Zhigao for "not only the grand plan of the sect, but also the personal friendship, citing the defeat of fellow villager Song Yingchang, which is a public dispute... Fu Song Ying Changtong Guo is known to be unavailable, to Gao alone is available, to the East Waotong State is known to be unsealable, to Gao alone can be sealed, to arrange public discussion, from the sycophant stone star", Zhou Kongjiao's impeachment text, directly pointed the spearhead at the head of the cabinet, Zhao Zhigao, and Shangshu Shixing, the military department.

Zhou Kongjiao and Xu Honggang are both eight-year Wanli scholars, and they have a friendship. When it came to whether to aid North Korea, Xu Honggang was belittled for resolutely opposing aid to North Korea. At this time, Zhou Kongjiao was suspected of avenging his classmates, and the cabinet minister at this time did not take any effective measures to get out of this impeachment, and the cabinet minister had to keep begging.

Signs of continuous impeachment of cabinet and military officials indicate that in the "encling" incident, the cabinet acted jointly, expanded its power, and ignored the group of officials, so that they could not fight back when they were impeached collectively by officials.

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

As the chief assistant of the cabinet was constantly impeached, the cabinet began to divide again. On the issue of "tribute", Zhang Wei and Shen have always opposed it, while Zhao Zhigao and Shi Xing of the military department both advocate "tribute". When the opinion advocating "tribute" was suppressed and the corresponding officials were impeached, the main war faction wanted to subordinate the general soldier Li Rubai's party.

At that time, the general army Magui had won eleven consecutive victories in one day, and if he continued to attack Busan City, it was very likely that the remaining forces in the city would be wiped out. However, at this time, Li Rubi had not yet rushed to the battlefield, so Zhang Wei and Shen had always instructed Liaoyang to patrol Yang Ho and not pursue.

However, by the time Li Rupai reached the front, the Wokou had gained enough time to adjust and defeat the Ming army. Later, the matter was exposed by Ding Yingtai, Yang Ho and Zhang Wei were punished, and Shen was never dealt with. Later, Shen always counterattacked and wantonly impeached Ding Yingtai. Zhang Wei and Zhao Zhigao were both recommended to the cabinet by Shen Shixing, and the two have a good relationship.

Zhao Zhigao once sighed indignantly: "The same cabinet minister, in the past, was heavy and had some power, so he led each other to seek progress." After that, "every time Zhigao was spoken, he asked for retreat", and no longer refuted, even if the tribute failed, Shi Xing died in prison, Zhang Wei was degraded because of Yang Ho, and Zhao Zhigao no longer spoke up. Even so, the impeachment of officials never stopped.

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

Due to the "annexation" incident of the king of Joseon, it triggered the unity of all ministries of the Ming Dynasty and was extremely powerful. But the cabinet is overconfident and does not value the power of speech. At the time of the "tribute" incident, cabinet members were impeached by officials. At this time, there were disputes within the cabinet, and the power of the cabinet was constantly weakened, causing the evil villains to opportunize and form a party for personal gain.

The reason is that due to Zhang Juzheng's excessive restraint on Yanguan during his reign, after the large-scale elimination of Zhang Juzheng's clique, Mingshenzong had to use Yanguan to show his heart, resulting in Yanguan having a political stage to exert its own "charm". Although the discussion of the "enclave" issue during the Imchen War led to a brief rise in cabinet power, the parties acted collectively in the future, forming a relationship of honor and disgrace.

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

Because of the "annex" incident, the cabinet formed a community of relations, and when it suffered impeachment in the future, the cabinet and the military department were collectively impeached. Coupled with the fact that the Myojin Sect focused on his private life, resulting in the phenomenon of missing officials and not making up for it, the country's ruling mechanism was almost paralyzed.

From the "encling" incident to the "tribute" incident, the way of speech is constantly chaotic, and the speech and officials do not distinguish between black and white. Once the courtier was impeached, he was indifferent, did not give any explanation, and was only willing to pay his respects; The ministers who had not been impeached were also disappointed with the Ming Sect and the political ecology of the Ming Dynasty, and left on their own.

In the forty-first year of Wanli, Emperor Mingshen issued an edict: "After years of discussion and confusion, the imperial court was anxious and did not ask, so it was easy to make false remarks, causing the ministers to be suspicious, and they all wanted to go, which hurt the national body." To this day, there are still those who have formed a party and disorderly government, and their sins will not be forgiven."

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

Myojin Sect indulged in extravagant and chaotic private life every day, so the courtiers had long been disappointed with this situation of "everything is contentious and everyone forms a party", resulting in party strife to the point of no return. Not long after the issuance of this edict, Sun Wei, the superintendent of the military department Shangshu, Zhao Huan, the official Shangshu, and Sun Shenxing, the right attendant of the Ministry of Rites, successively paid tribute to the minister. At this time, the DPRK and China, Qi, Chu, Zhejiang and other parties attacked each other, each doing its own thing, completely subordinating the DPRK government to party strife.

During the Imchen War, the "annexation" incident of the Korean king promoted the continuous deterioration of the political ecology of the Ming Dynasty, causing uprisings in various places, social order turmoil, Nur Hachi rising troops, and the political situation of the Ming Dynasty fell into a dark period of chaos and turmoil, which finally laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty.

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

Second, the situation of party strife in Korea under the "included" controversy

With the outbreak of war, Korea "rose to peace for 200 years, the people did not know the soldiers, the wind of hope collapsed, did not dare to meet its front, and the thief drove into the land as if it were no man's land." At this time, North Korea is at the mercy of others and is about to face a situation of eight collapses. At this time, the courtiers urged Xuanzu to establish a son on the grounds that the country was in trouble.

In the war to deal with the rebellion, the Eastern Party commanded in the DPRK, the Southerners Party fought on the front line, and the leader of the Westerners Party at this time, Zheng Che, had not yet returned, and the power of the DPRK at this time was in the hands of the Eastern Party. Therefore, the establishment of Guanghaijun as the son of the world was not only the result of the role of party struggle, but also strengthened the power of the Dongren Party.

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

After the collapse of the Imjin River Line, Xuanzu began to prepare for the "annexation" of the Ming Dynasty to the Liao. At this time, the courtiers' controversy over the "inner annex" intensified the party rivalry in Korea, which not only led to more violent counsel by the monarchs, but also separated the feelings of Xuanzu's father and son.

On June 13, the twenty-fifth year of Xuanzu (the twentieth year of the Wanli Ming Dynasty), Xuanzu showed his heart and prepared to "enclose". At the same time, he warned the ministers that "in the future, the son of the world, the right to retreat the state affairs, except for worship, officials, rewards and punishments, etc., will be cheap and self-judgmental." On the 14th of the same month, Xuanzu and Guanghaijun divided the dynasty, Guanghaijun went to Jiangjie, and Xuanzu went to Yiju for "annexation".

According to Korean historical records: "Shangming minister, Xiu Nei attached an advisory message, sent to the Liaodong Capital, ordered the leader of the council, Cui Xingyuan, participated in the judgment of Yin Zixin, etc., served the temple master, accompanied the son, went to the Baojiang boundary, divided the courtiers to follow it", at this time formed a small imperial court led by Gwanghaejun.

Xuanzu once asked, "Cui Xingyuan, Li Xianguo, and Li Chengzhong: Qing is all old and can be from the world." Also known as Han Zhunyi: Qing has parents, but also from the world." Among the courtiers who accompanied Guanghaijun were Cui Xingyuan, who was in favor of the right, and Shen Zhongqian, who was in favor of the right, and Shen Zhongqian, who was a deputy scholar, all of whom were important members of the Western Party.

At this time, Xuanzu disagreed with the expulsion of the "attached" courtiers, and ordered these people to follow Guanghaijun. As he was about to leave for Uiju, King Xuanguo asked the courtiers if they would like to follow the holy chariote, and few answered. Only Li Hengfu responded positively and replied: "The ministers are young and have no diseases and no parents, please follow", and then Li Shanfu, Hong Jin and others were willing to follow Xuanzu, and the rest "all the ministers were willing to follow the Eastern Residence."

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

After the end of the war, Xuanzu began to discuss the merits of his ministers. Meritorious heroes are divided into three types, the first type is: from the date of Xuanzu's "broadcasting", through the "attached" incident until the end of the war, the courtiers who always follow Xuanzu are divided into three levels according to the size of the merit as the meritorious heroes.

The second type is: front-line officers who suppress the army, courtiers who go to the Celestial Empire to ask for rescue, and raise military food. Named them Xuanwu meritorious ministers, divided into three grades according to the size of the merit; The third type is: courtiers led by the pacification of Li Menghe's rebellion. Divide them into meritorious heroes, and still divide them into three classes according to the size of the merit. According to the "Record of the Joseon Dynasty", the specific distribution is as follows:

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

According to this table, it can be seen that Li Hengfu, who actively promoted the "annexed" incident of Xuanzu, was listed as the first class of meritorious heroes protecting the saint, and Zheng Cuishou was also the first class. Zheng Cuishou also actively escorted Xuanzu to Yiju. During the Wanli Aid Korea Campaign, he served as "envoy to ask for troops and Chen Sou", "greeting envoy", "receiving envoy", "thanking and defending Chen Souan", etc., as an envoy, he made great contributions to the smooth communication between the Ming Dynasty and Korea.

Xuanzu once commended him: "Now to beg thieves, it is exclusively up to the heavenly soldiers." And the emergence of the heavenly soldiers, because of Zheng Cunshou's Chen Song." In addition, Hong Jin, Li Shanfu and others firmly accompanied Xuanzu when he went to Yiju, so they were recorded as second-class meritorious heroes.

At this time, Xuanzu greatly appreciated the courtiers who had no hesitation in supporting his "annex" to the Ming Dynasty, and challenged the courtiers who opposed his "annexation". At this time, Yu Hong of the Westerners Party was constantly impeached by Taiwan. The reason for this is that Xuanzu's will was violated in the "relocation" and "attaching" incident that year.

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

When Li Shanhai first advocated going north to "spread the move", Yu Hong strongly opposed it on the surface, but secretly "made his family avoid the army", and Xuanzu thought that he was cunning. At the time of the "annexation", Yu Hong expressed his desire to follow the son of the world, saying that "the minister is old and cannot cross Liao." From the world, after recovery, you should return home."

Xuanzu was already extremely disgusted with Yu Hong, and what Yu Hong said, Xuanzu did not reply at that time. Later, Xuanzu criticized Yu Hong for "stopping himself and having no righteousness as a prince." After that, the Taiwan adviser impeached Yu Hong. Xuanzu once asked Du Chengzhi Liugen, "Observe that Yu Hong can discuss the clouds, and who can do it", and immediately after December 25, the Taiwan Emperor impeached Yu Hong again, and a month later, Yu Hong was finally removed from office.

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

In the canonization incident, Zheng Cuishou of the Eastern Party was canonized as a first-class meritorious minister, and Liu Chenglong of the Southern Party was canonized as a first-class meritorious minister of Xuanwu, while the Westerner Party did not achieve good results, and the original advantage of one party alone disappeared. The reason for this is that the Westerners Party has always stood against Xuanzu in the "Inner Annex" incident, so much so that after Xuanzu returned to Hanyang, he vigorously expelled Westerner Party officials.

After the death of Zheng Che, the leader of the Westerners, Yin Dooshou, a prominent member of the Westerners' Party, was repeatedly impeached by the Sixian Mansion, the Si Yuan, and the Hongwen Guan, and the members of the Southerners Party occupied the central organ. The Southerners did not gain power for long, and with the impeachment of the later leader Liu Chenglong, the Northerners took power.

In fact, because the Westerners Party and the Southerners Party strongly opposed Xuanzu's "inner attachment", Xuanzu was disgusted, and finally supported the Beiren Party, because its party leader Li Shanhai first mentioned the matter of "spreading and moving".

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

The courtiers' discussion of the Seonjo's "annexation" incident not only made the political ecology of North Korea chaotic, and the monarch's counsel became increasingly fierce, but also made the father and son of Seonjo and Gwanghaejun suspicious of each other. Gwanghae-jun was the second son of Xuanzu and Concubine Jin, so he lacked title support in succession to the throne. There are two reasons why Xuanzu established Guanghaijun as the son of the world. First, Xuanzu's concubine Yiren did not give birth; Second, Xuanzu was single-mindedly only willing to "sow migration", and established Guanghaijun as the son of the world, which could distract the attention of the courtiers.

And when Xuanzu was ready to "enclose", he ordered Guanghaijun to divide the dynasty and ordered Guanghaijun to organize troops to Jiangjie to carry out anti-aggression activities. In this way, it is possible to cope with the constant pressure exerted by members of the Westerners; Second, it can boost morale and encourage the Korean people to continue the war of resistance. Therefore, after the Ming Dynasty sent troops to aid the DPRK, Xuanzu's "inner annexation" ended without a problem.

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

After the Ming governor Li Rusong recaptured Pyongyang, Xuanzu quickly ended the division of the dynasty. Xuanjo believes that Gwanghae-gun is not the best candidate for the future king, but is just a compromise to achieve "inner attachment". Therefore, after Xuanzu's return to Hanyang, he vigorously expelled the members of the Westerners who were actively approaching Gwanghaejun. After the end of the Imchen War, Guanghaijun had not been canonized by the Ming Dynasty because of his reputation, and Xuanzu once wanted to be a better candidate for his son, which led to a deepening conflict between father and son.

Xuanzu wanted to make Yongchang Dajun, the son of Princess Renmu, his son, and the court officials such as Yongqing held a secret discussion on whether to make Yongchang Dajun his son. However, Xuanzu died suddenly, and before this idea could be put into practice, Guanghaijun had already ascended the throne.

After assuming the throne, Guanghaijun appointed Li Erzhan and others, and Li Erzhan was the leader of the Great Northern faction, under the leadership of the Great Northern faction, Guanghaijun's brother Linhaijun was killed, Xuanzu's Concubine Renmu was deposed, Princess Renmu's father Jin Tian was killed, Yongchang Dajun was deposed as a commoner, confined to Ganghwa Island, and Guanghaijun was killed by Zheng Yu, the envoy of Jianghua Island, in the sixth year of the Wanli Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty. After Gwanghae-jun came to the throne, the government of the dynasty was controlled by the Great Northern faction, and at this time, the Westerners Party wanted to regain power, so it launched the "Inzu Anyway" incident and finally regained power.

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

III. Summary

The "annexation" incident of the Korean king also had a profound impact on the political ecology of the Ming Dynasty. As a major event in the Imchen War, this matter directly affected the "tribute" incident. Due to the influence of party strife in the Ming Dynasty, the cabinet and the military department quickly combined and attacked officials who went against their will, but the cabinet after Zhang Juzheng had weak power and could not arbitrarily restrain officials.

So much so that in the "tribute" incident, the officials counterattacked, the courtiers, including the head of the cabinet, were constantly impeached, the party strife was increasingly fermented, and the party in the DPRK, China, Chu, Zhejiang and other parties formed gangs and factions, unscrupulously rejecting dissidents.

The use of nepotism by members of the party to weave party henchmen, the use of blood ties, and the use of party officials to become the norm, all due to the courtiers' controversy over the "enclosed" incident. In the end, the courtiers left one after another, there were many vacant seats in the dynasty, and the Myojin Sect was addicted to accumulating gold and wealth, and had no time to take care of it, and allowed the mine superintendent to harm the four sides. In the end, the social order of the Ming Dynasty was chaotic, and Nurhachi raised troops to the northeast, laying the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty.

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

The "annexation" incident of Xuanjo in North Korea has caused party strife within the DPRK to continue to ferment. The process of "annexation" of Xuanzu is divided into two stages, the first stage is "sowing migration", on the way, the party fights over the "Li Shizi" incident, the Easterner Party and the Westerner Party argue on a large scale, and finally the Easterner Party wins, and Gwanghaijun is established as the son of the world. The second stage of "inclusion" is the choice of the direction of "broadcasting".

At this time, the courtiers who did not agree with the "inner annex" began to put forward the proposal of "seizing the dynasty of the son of the world", and the "inner annex" incident directly contributed to the separation of the dynasty between Xuanzu and Guanghai Jun, and Xuanzu went north to Yizhou specifically for "inner annexation", and Guanghai Jun entered the river boundary to stabilize people's hearts and organize a war of resistance. The courtiers who followed Guanghaijun were actually the backbone of resolutely opposing Xuanzu's "inner possession".

The events attached to the Ming Dynasty in Korea had a great impact on the internal affairs of North Korea and also laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty

After Xuanzu returned to Hanyang, he vigorously expelled the Westerners. Because Gwanghaejun was the second son of Concubine Gong Jin, he was not the eldest son of Grand Concubine Xuanzu and was not eligible to inherit the throne. On the occasion of Xuanzu's death, he wanted to replace his son and establish the Yongchang Grand Monarch born to Princess Renmu as his son, and Liu Yongqing, the leader of the Xiaobei faction, was active in this regard, and died before Xuanzu was completed.

This incident caused tension between Xuanzu and Gwanghaejun's father and son, and at the same time, after Gwanghaejun came to power, he began to frantically retaliate, imprisoning and executing and deposing Queen Inmu of Yongchang Daejun, and at the same time using the Dabei bureaucrat Li Erzhan and others. Later, the Westerners still used the issue of Gwanghae-kun's origin and the issue of abolition of his mother and brother to launch the "Injo anyway" incident, which had a far-reaching impact on North Korea's domestic and foreign affairs.

Read on