The abbreviation of the years of the "great migration" in the construction of the third line

Commemorate the 40th anniversary of the relocation of Chongqing Chuanyi Ninth Factory

Author: Ji Yanfei

introduction

Chongqing Chuanyi Ninth Factory was relocated from Nanjing to Chongqing. By June 30 this year, a full forty spring and autumn years had passed. As an internally relocated employee who participated in the construction of the third line and took root in the third-tier enterprise, the ups and downs of the past 40 years have left too many memories and feelings for our generation. On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the establishment of the factory, I would like to write this article to commemorate it.

preface

In the early sixties of the last century, the international situation became increasingly tense. In order to cope with the complex international political situation and the possibility of large-scale military conflicts, gradually realize the major strategic decision of shifting the distribution of mainland productive forces from east to west, and follow the supreme instruction of "preparing for war, preparing for famine, and serving the people", many coastal enterprises and even scientific research units that have a major impact on the national economy have migrated to Sichuan, Qian, Gansu and other provinces, which are known as the third line of the motherland. This "great internal migration" was no less than the movement of the educated youth to the mountains and countryside at that time, and it was even more spectacular than the current Three Gorges resettlement project, and the time was tight, the task was heavy, and the speed was even faster. Located in the southwest, Chongqing has naturally become one of the key areas for third-line construction due to its special geographical location and strong industrial base. At that time, the central government decided: "With Chongqing as the center, gradually establish the southwest machine tool, automobile, instrumentation and power machinery industry directly serving national defense", and proposed to relocate and build more than 200 projects with Chongqing as the center. It is planned to move 122 from Shanghai and more than 20 from Guangzhou, Nanjing and other cities.... Inspired by this policy of "preparing for war and preparing for famine for the people" and "good people and good people right away on the third front," tens of thousands of workers, cadres, engineers, and technicians, with enthusiasm and pride, packed up their backpacks, trekked through mountains and rivers, came to the deep mountains and valleys of the southwest, settled in Chongqing, a strange city, and made great contributions to the construction of the third line in Chongqing with their flesh and blood. At that time, the slogan put forward by the central government was "dedicate youth and life, dedicate life to descendants," encouraging these third-line builders who moved inward to take root in the mountainous areas and inherit this important mission from generation to generation. Today, looking back on the four decades of internal migration, we can rightly say that we did it.

At that time, 120 factories were moved from Jiangsu and Shanghai in the Beibei area of Chongqing alone, and the larger factories included Puling Machinery Factory (Shanghai), Ningchuan Machinery Factory (Nanjing), Hongyan Machinery Factory (Wuxi), Shuguang Instrument Factory (Chuanyi No. 4 Factory), Huashi Instrument Material Factory (Chuanyi No. 1 Factory), <上海><上海>Sichuan Analytical Instrument Factory (Chuanyi No. 9 Factory<南京>), and Hydrological Instrument Factory<南京> It is estimated that there were tens of thousands of internally displaced employees and their families who moved into the Beibei area of Chongqing at that time. After 40 years of changes, under the impact of the wave of transformation from a planned economy to a market economy, some factories and enterprises have collapsed, some have moved, and some have survived stubbornly. It is gratifying and proud that Chongqing Chuanyi No. 9 Factory is still standing in the mountain city after 40 years of internal relocation.

Location

Forty years ago, the central authorities formulated the eight-character strategic principle of "relying on mountains, near water, scattered, and hidden" and the principle of "large dispersion and small concentration" for the construction of the third line.

At that time, Nanjing Analytical Instrument Factory (hereinafter referred to as the South Branch), which was known as the birthplace of analytical instruments in China, was a subordinate enterprise, and the First Ministry of Machinery Industry decided to relocate the entire factory of the South Branch. Following this instruction, the factory leaders began to choose the location to relocate.

A machine department planned to build Xiangxi Instrument General Factory in Hunan and Sichuan Instrument General Factory in Beibei, Chongqing, Sichuan at that time. Therefore, the relocation of the South Branch Plant can only be selected from two places: Xiangxi in Hunan and Beibei in Chongqing.

According to the report of the people sent to Xiangxi in Hunan Province to investigate, there is a small town, a small river, mountains and scenery, and a good environment in the relocation and construction of Xiangxi, but it is a pity that there is no railway there. Not to mention the difficulty of relocation, restricting the development of enterprises in the future is the key. Because this has a great impact on raw material procurement, product sales and even external communication.

The factory sent people to Chongqing to investigate the site selection. In Beibei, the Sankaishi area, which was then the School of Foreign Languages (Imagawa Yisi Factory), was first examined. Because I feel that this place is close to the road and the dust is large, the environment is not suitable for the production of precision instruments, and the total area is not enough for the application.

Later, at the suggestion of Chuanyi General Factory, the site of Sichuan Analytical Instrument Factory (hereinafter referred to as Chuanyi Ninth Factory) was selected in Chongqing 23 Middle School and High School by the canal in Chengjiang Town, Beibei, and the famous Meiling Hall during the Anti-Japanese War was also within the factory area. After the leaders of the South Branch came to Chongqing for field inspection, they believed that it was located under Jinyun Mountain, with prosperous forests and beautiful environment. It is particularly worth mentioning that it is highly concealed, even from a high altitude it is difficult to observe the appearance of the factory area, in line with the central strategic policy of "relying on mountains, near water, scattering and concealment", and also in line with the built-in principle of "large dispersion, small concentration". The factory area is also large, close to Chengjiang Town, which is convenient for the future life of employees. In the end, it was decided to move to Chongqing.

After obtaining the approval of the ministry, in March 1966, the "Sichuan Analytical Instrument Factory Internal Preparatory Office" was established with Director Fu as the director of the internal preparatory office, and a crack force was selected to form an internal detachment of more than 10 people to enter Sichuan and Chongqing.

Built-in start

In April 1966, the internal detachment came from Nanjing, a stone city on the coast of the East China Sea, to Chongqing, a mountain city in the southwest of the motherland, and began the arduous preparatory work for internal construction.

At that time, building a house was not like Party A issuing a contract and Party B undertaking construction now, but everything was detailed, and you had to do it yourself.

To start the construction of infrastructure, it is necessary to first do a good job of three links and one level, and for this purpose, it is necessary to recruit temporary workers (now called migrant workers), such as stonemasons, carpenters, masons and a large number of lifting and ordinary workers. Recruitment is not like Party A has the final say now, but first go to the provincial capital of Chengdu to apply for employment indicators, and then go to Yongchuan, the seat of the organ in Jiangjin Special District, to approve the specific recruitment area, and then the personnel of the internal preparatory office will take the employment introduction letter to the approved Hechuan Tongxi, Weituo, Jiuling and other people's communes to recruit people. These communes are far from Hechuan and not accessible by road, only by water, and it is all on foot to travel between communes.

When the recruitment index reaches the commune, the commune will study and allocate places to the brigade, then to the squad, and finally to the individual. It was not easy for commune members to be selected as migrant workers, because there were few opportunities to go out to work, and each brigade had a large number of people who mastered the skills of masonry, carpentry, and masonry, so that some brigades had to use the method of grabbing lots to decide who would win. After nearly a month of travel, the personnel gradually came together.

At that time, there was no road from Weituo to Hechuan, so in order to transport temporary workers, three small wooden boats were chartered by the preparatory office and went down the Fu River to Hechuan. After these simple and lovely members got on the small wooden boat, everyone was happy, and those who could sing mountain songs and trumpets also sang loudly to help the boatmen paddle. When I found a hotel in Hechuan, I paid each person a one-day meal allowance, which is equivalent to nearly 10 days of labor for members. Everyone couldn't hold back and went shopping.

Transportation & Procurement

Chengjiang Town is 55 kilometers away from Chongqing downtown, 10 kilometers away from Beibei, and it takes 15 minutes to walk from Chuanyi Jiuchang to Chengjiang Town. At first, there was no direct road from the factory to Chengjiang Town, and people had to walk through the canal dam to reach the other bank. Since there is water on one side of the dam and a river valley nearly 20 meters deep on the other, and there are no railings on the dam, people walking on the dam that is only more than one meter wide is really scary. When the water rises upstream, the river overflows into the dam, making it even more difficult to walk.

When the migrant workers arrive at the construction site, they must first build a two-kilometer-long winding road connecting the factory area to the road outside, so that construction materials can be transported by car. Although the plant and dormitory of the Chuanyi No. 9 Plant were constructed by the 203 Unit of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the cement, bricks, steel, wood, sand, steel windows, etc. used in the construction of the houses must rely on the personnel of the material supply team of the internal construction preparation office to go out to purchase and supply in place, and the troops can only carry out the construction.

In the era of the planned economy, procurement is a drudgery that requires bowing your head everywhere. First of all, you have to sharpen your head to get the index to run the approval, with it can go to the designated place to purchase, transportation, the difficulties and hardships can only be overcome by the buyer himself. For example, when purchasing timber that year, there were indicators and approvals, and then went to the designated town on the Leibo side of Liangshan, Sichuan, to pick up the goods. Hundreds of cubic meters of wood, the roots are all large logs with a length of more than 2 meters and a diameter of about one meter, which are scary to look at, how to transport? Later, under the guidance of people, the logs were first made smaller, tied into wooden rows, and then transported back to Chongqing from the Yangtze River by water. This toss-up will take at least two or three months.

At that time, timber procurement personnel had to take a train from Chongqing to Neijiang, and then transfer to Yibin, where they could reach their destination. It can be seen from this that the inconvenience of transportation brings great difficulties to people. In this difficult working environment, the original staff of more than 10 internal preparatory offices was obviously not enough, so we had to ask the southern branch factory to reinforce it, and 60 people including political cadres, doctors, car drivers, and procurement personnel were transferred from the Nanjing factory to enrich the internal team.

Hard years

The three-year period from 1966 to 1969 coincided with the unprecedented era of the Cultural Revolution, when traffic was poor, and strikes were common, and even life safety was not guaranteed. This is undoubtedly worse for the built-in work.

One day, when a middle-level cadre of the preparatory office took a car from Chongqing's Caiyuanba Railway Station to the intersection of Lianglu, he suddenly encountered an armed fight, and the gunfire was loud, which frightened him to lie on the ground, and it was easy to stay up until the gunfire subsided before he dared to get up and leave this place, and hurried to Niujiaotuo to prepare to take a car to Beibei, but all the vehicles at the station were transported, and there was no way, so he had to bite the bullet and walk to Beibei. Starting from the morning, I stopped all the way, and it was almost 12 o'clock at night when I arrived at the Beibei main plant.

In those days, intermittent buses from Beibei to Chengjiang Town were commonplace, and people often walked back to the factory from Beibei, a one-way trip, which generally took three or four hours, and the fastest two hours were not necessarily available.

It's just hard work, and some people even die on this hot land. There was a middle-level leader in the preparatory office, who unfortunately died in Cheng Town for the construction of the third line, and a middle-level leader was also injured that day.

In short, after more than three years of ups and downs, with the joint efforts of all the personnel of the Internal Preparatory Office and the construction servicemen of Unit 203, in May 1969, the main factory buildings such as the machining workshop, tool workshop, trial production workshop, assembly workshop, and central laboratory were completed, and seven family buildings, two single staff buildings and other auxiliary facilities were also completed at the same time.

relocation

Good sunshine in June, fragrant flowers in June, busy relocation in June, moving from Northeast to Gansu, moving from the East China Sea to Chuanjiang, good people, good horses and good equipment, support the third line to protect the hometown!

Originally, the first machine department was completely relocated according to the southern branch of the platoon, but probably considering strategic factors such as relocation and non-stop production, the ministry decided to change to semi-relocation. In this way, it is not a simple matter to move and who stays. At that time, the leader of the Zhongnan Branch of the Cultural Revolution was removed by the rebels and had not yet resumed work, so only under the leadership of the Military Control Committee (Nanjing Artillery Division) set up an internal relocation office to handle the internal relocation affairs with full authority.

At the end of May and the beginning of June 1969, the list of the first batch of more than 200 people who moved inward and accompanied them was announced. The leader mobilized everyone to "stay at ease, and go happily". Of course, the stayers are at ease, and how many people can be "happy" when they go? God knows!

Subsequently, a hard order was issued: all internal relocated personnel must sort out their furniture and luggage by June 20, and the South Branch Factory is responsible for packing and consigning them with the ship.

The first batch of internally displaced personnel, including about 600 or 700 family members, was chartered by the South Branch Factory and headed for Chongqing, a mountain city in the southwest of the motherland, more than 2,000 kilometers away, under the leadership of a deputy cadre of the Military Control Commission.

On the day of departure, the pier was busy. Shaking hands, chanting, blessings, hugging children, people expressed their feelings of reluctance in various ways. When the dull steaming whistle sounded, many people could no longer hold back their tears, and their hearts repeatedly called: Goodbye my Jinling Ancient City! Goodbye, the rainbow-like Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge! Goodbye to the majestic Purple Mountain! Goodbye to the beautiful Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake! Goodbye, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Yuhuatai! Goodbye, Confucius Temple, Qinhuai River! Goodbye, my lovely Nanjing...

The ship went up the river and came to the magnificent Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. However, people have not yet recovered from the sadness of parting, and they are not in the mood to appreciate the famous scenery of the Three Gorges such as Zhang Fei Temple, Fairy Peak, and White Emperor City, and what they see in their eyes is only high mountains and mountains, gorges and dangerous beaches, and truly understand the difficulty of the Shu Road and the difficulty of going to the green sky. "Ask Jun how many worries you have, just like a river flowing eastward."

After seven days and seven nights of sailing, the Dongfanghong 63 finally arrived at Chongqing Chaotianmen No. 4 Wharf on June 30, 1969. The fifth team that was welcomed here also pulled up banners and beat gongs and drums early to wait for the relocated people to disembark. The Internal Preparatory Office chartered more than 10 buses to welcome the first batch of internal migrants and relocated people who came to Chongqing, and took them to live in the Hongyan Apartment in Beibei.

Two years later, in 1971, the second group of more than 100 people who moved inward also arrived in Shancheng. A total of more than 300 people from the two batches of internal migration and accompanying people, plus the children of employees, a total of nearly 1,000 people came to Chongqing to settle down.

The first 10 years after the internal relocation

From 1969 to 1979, it was the first 10 years after the relocation of the Chuanyi No. 9 Factory.

In the early days of the internal relocation, the factory was under military control by the Military Control Committee dispatched by the Sichuan Provincial Military District. Under the direct guidance of the Military Control Committee, the Chuanyi No. 9 Factory implemented the leadership group and established the Factory Revolutionary Committee. The director is a retired Air Force colonel and the first director of the Chuanyi Ninth Plant. At that time, the Ninth Factory consisted of four parts of personnel, more than 300 internally relocated employees, nearly 100 assigned college students, nearly 100 ** soldiers, and some employees transferred from various branches of the main factory, with a total number of nearly 600 people, mainly young people in their 20s. To paraphrase today, the 40s and 50s. Although they came from all over the world, with different academic qualifications and experiences, "they came together for a common revolutionary goal." ”

In the first 10 years, the Cultural Revolution had not yet been completely over, the ultra-left ideological trend of some cadres had not yet receded, and the employees still went to work abnormally.

After the fall of the Gang of Four, "lift the clouds and see the sun." At this time, the 10-year period of internal migration has also come to an end. After the chaos began, the factory slowly recovered its vitality and gradually became regular.

In the first 10 years, the factory eliminated interference, and built some auxiliary facilities and three family buildings 8, 9 and 10. The family building built when it was built, according to the requirements at that time, could only be built according to the model of dry and stone bases, the living area was small, there was no toilet, and the kitchen was also shared by two or three families. At that time, gas was not yet widespread, and there were often conflicts caused by burning briquettes and poking the stove. Life is extremely inconvenient.

On the 10th anniversary of the internal relocation, each employee can go to the factory canteen at noon or dinner to receive two meat dishes for free, such as stir-fried shredded meat, meat slices, back pot meat, steamed pork, and roasted white (known as button meat in Nanjing); Free food stamps to provide each employee with 4 taels of rice or 2 steamed buns.

The second 10 years after the internal relocation

From 1979 to 1989, it was the second 10 years after the relocation of the Chuanyi No. 9 Factory.

These 10 years are a period of brilliant development of Chuanyi Ninth Factory. In the era of reform and opening up on the mainland, all work has entered a normal track. The sales volume of the products of the ninth factory gradually developed from hundreds of thousands to 20 or 30 million.

When the factory was put into operation, only trace oxygen, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide analysis instruments and other old products transferred from the south branch, and later independently developed and developed a series of medical optical products such as microplate and 721 spectrophotometer, and also produced SC-3, SC-3A, SC-6, SC-7, SC-8 and other gas chromatographs, which play a role in chemical, petroleum, cement, teaching, medical, scientific research and military fields. In particular, Yunnan-Guichuan, which is located in the southwest, and the provinces in the central south and northwest, most of them use the analytical instruments produced by the Chuanyi Ninth Factory. Since then, the products of the ninth factory have accounted for half of the production and sales of analytical instruments.

In the middle and late eighties, the factory introduced new technologies of analytical instruments leading the world trend such as infrared, ultraviolet and magnetic oxygen from Germany, and gradually localized, laying a good foundation for the later development of complete sets of analytical instruments. At the same time, water quality analysis instruments have also been developed and produced, making up for the gap in mainland analysis instruments.

During these 10 years, due to the improvement of the economic efficiency of the factory, it was able to gradually restore the bonus system. Don't underestimate the amount of 5~10 yuan award, in that era it still had a certain role in promoting the enthusiasm of employees. At the same time, a new six-storey assembly building was built, and the production environment was further improved.

In addition, 11, 12, 13 and 14 family buildings and two single buildings were newly built, and the family building without toilets when it was built was renovated, improving the living quality of employees.

The living welfare of employees is also improving. At noon, the factory steamed lunch for employees for free, and each employee was issued bath tickets, boiling water tickets, and factory open-air movie tickets every month, which means that employees bathing, turning on water, and watching movies are basically free. Some employees have serious illnesses such as cancer, and they are basically fully reimbursed.

During these 10 years, employees have increased their wages two or three times. Although adding a serial number is only about 5-10 yuan, it makes employees see hope and stimulates their enthusiasm for work.

Another major event has happened in this decade.

In the summer of 1984, due to flash floods in the upper reaches of the Jialing River, the water of the Jialing River surged and irrigated, flooding the factory's car garage, boiler room, canteen, infirmary, No. 5, 6 and 7 family buildings, and children's primary schools. Fortunately, the production workshops are built on high hills, otherwise the losses would be great.

June 30, 1989, the 20th anniversary of the factory's relocation, held a commemorative meeting, distributed some souvenirs, and increased the bonus for the month compared to usual.

The third 10 years after the internal relocation

For the first 20 years after the relocation, the personnel policy for the relocated personnel was "only in but not out". Leaders are absolutely not allowed to move back to Nanjing without special circumstances; first, the leaders are afraid that shaking the morale of the military will affect production, and second, they are afraid of wearing the hat of "sabotaging the construction of the third front." Therefore, in the first 20 years after the internal relocation, although there were four factory directors, no one of the factory directors dared to release people.

In the late eighties and early nineties, the number of employees of Chuanyi Ninth Factory had grown to 800-900 people, which can be described as a heyday. After the nineties, due to the relaxation of the personnel policy of the main factory, the factory can gradually release the personnel according to the production needs of any unit in Nanjing who has received the internal personnel. Therefore, dozens of younger ones have contacted the transfer unit and moved back to Nanjing.

In the mid-to-late nineties, Chuanyi General Factory bought one or two newly built factories in Chongqing Nanping Development Zone, and the main factory allocated part of the purchased plant to Ninth Plant for the development of Ninth Plant and the convenience of product sales. As a result, some important production departments and departments of the Ninth Plant were moved from Chengjiang to Nanping, and the Ninth Plant built three employee family buildings near the factory area in Nanping. Since then, Chuanyi Ninth Factory has been divided into two, and has factories in Chengjiang and Nanping.

The operation of the two places brought a lot of inconvenience to the production of the ninth plant, and it was difficult to adapt for a while, coupled with the triangular debt problem that was widespread in that era, resulting in a decline in production efficiency and a difficult economic situation.

During this period, some of the internally displaced workers born in the thirties also retired in the past, and those who had houses and children in Nanjing returned to their hometown of Nanjing. At this time, the internal employees of the ninth factory left their jobs year by year, and at the same time, many employees' children entered the factory through technical schools and recruitment, adding a lot of fresh blood to the factory.

June 30, 1999 was the 30th anniversary of the internal relocation of the Chuanyi No. 9 Factory, and due to poor production efficiency, the factory neither held a commemorative meeting nor paid any bonuses, but only some souvenirs.

The fourth 10 years after the internal relocation

The sun and the moon are like arrows, and with a snap of their fingers, the Chuanyi Ninth Factory ushered in four 10 years of internal relocation.

In the past 10 years, all the internally displaced workers who struggled during the third-line construction period, the college students assigned in the sixties and the retired soldiers have retired year by year, and many vacant positions have been replaced by the younger generation of the post-70s and post-80s. In addition, the children of individual employees who moved inward were also promoted to factory leadership positions, coupled with the convenient transportation conditions of Chongqing Nanping Development Zone, Chuanyi Ninth Factory not only successfully survived the difficult period of enterprise closure and transfer, but also survived tenaciously and developed accordingly.

At present, with only half of the number of employees in the early 90s, the output value has doubled several times compared to before. This achievement is not only the joint efforts of all the employees on the job today, but also the result of the solid foundation, improvement of the system and hand-to-heart transmission of the older generation of internal relocated employees.

Quality is the life of the enterprise, the improvement of the quality of employees is the basis of enterprise development, and the research and development of new products is the direction of enterprise survival. "Xiongguan Mando is really like iron, and now he steps forward from the beginning." Over the past 40 years, after the division in two and the replacement of new and old employees, Chuanyi Ninth Factory still stands healthily in the mountain city of Chongqing. May Chuanyi Ninth Factory not eat the old book, continue to make new achievements, and stride towards a more brilliant tomorrow!

June 30 this year is the 40th anniversary of the establishment of Chuanyi Ninth Factory, and I hope that today's Ninth Factory people can always remember this day.

End

At that time, the construction of the three fronts was mainly to prepare for strategic defense. However, after all, this was rushed under the special circumstances of the country's rush to prepare for war, and affected by the turmoil of the "Cultural Revolution" and the guiding ideology of the "left", because of the blind pursuit of speed, it was difficult to take into account the living conditions of employees, transportation construction, and the future product sales of enterprises, etc., but these difficulties or problems did not scare the internal relocated workers, and in the long years, they used hard work and wisdom to improve and solve them step by step.

Imagine, if the original "internal migration migration" is changed to 3-5 years of technical support, it may also achieve more ideal results in the construction of the third line. Because Sichuan is not short of people, Chongqing is not short of talents, as long as coastal factories and enterprises send some technical backbones to pass on the help, after completing the task, they can withdraw to the original unit, which not only eliminates the investment of a lot of financial and material resources of the state, but also will not be so exciting.

Nowadays, some internal relocation units have collapsed, and some have moved out of the deep mountains and valleys for the survival of enterprises, and the remaining plant equipment cannot but be regarded as a waste.

When people first came to the third line, they were still enthusiastic young people in their twenties and thirties, and they have survived to this day. It was they who contributed all their youth and life's energy to the construction of the third line.

From the sixties of the last century to the present, part of the Chuanyi Ninth Plant has been transferred and retired to Nanjing, and there are dozens of people who died due to illness, and now there are still about 100 relocated and relocated retired employees living in Chongqing. They started a family here, had children, and became authentic mountain city people.

It is worth noting that for various reasons, there are still nearly 20 households of retired employees who have moved inward, and some demobilized ** soldiers and college students who have contributed to the construction of the Chuanyi Ninth Plant and the third-line construction, still rent in the staff dormitory built in the sixties of the last century in the Chengjiang factory area, with a toilet of less than 1 square meter and a kitchen of less than 1. 5 square meters, simple structure. Here, I hereby appeal to the government, relevant competent departments and the family members of Chuanyi Ninth Plant to try to provide them with necessary help as soon as possible. Because we must not forget that in the process of Chongqing's modernization, in the efforts to initially change the unbalanced layout of China's eastern and western economic development, they once sweated, shed tears, and even shed blood for this!