As one of the top ten coffee-producing countries in the world, Peru is located in the western part of South America with an area of 1,285,216 km². Bordered by Ecuador and Colombia in the north, Brazil in the east, Bolivia, Chile in the south, Bolivia in the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean in the west, it has a unique geographical environment and the diversity of climate brings advantages to its coffee cultivation.
According to the International Coffee Organization, Peru's coffee production is about 3.8 million bags (60kg/bag), which translates to about 230,000 kg. Almost all Arabica species are cultivated in the country, and common varieties include Iron Pica, Bourbon, Kaduai, Kadula, New World, Pache. Most of the planting altitude is above 1000 meters, and the treatment method is mainly washing. The appellations can be divided into three major sections: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Piura and San Martín in the north, Huánuco, Pasco and Junín in the centre, and Ayacucho, Cusco and Puno in the south.
Peruvian coffee has a nutty, chocolatey flavor, attractive aroma, comfortable fruit acids, good alcohol and balanced taste. Although the complexity is low, there are also varieties that perform well, with unique flavor and outstanding sweetness.
In the 18th century, Peru began to grow coffee, which is the first country in the Americas to grow coffee. However, coffee was mostly consumed domestically in the early days, and it was not until the early 20th century that it began to be exported. Unlike other countries, Peru's coffee economy is dominated by small farmers, independent and fragmented, and the lack of economic and technical support limits coffee farmers from gaining access to resources and markets.
Many smallholder farmers have become members of cooperatives through government assistance, and the coffee they grow has been certified by organic coffee, fair trade, rainforest alliances, etc. (it should be noted that foreign organic certification is not recognized in China), and coffee cultivation in Peru has been able to develop. More and more land is being used to grow coffee, which has become Peru's most important agricultural export.