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【Animal Kingdom Complete Series】Ascaridae suborder - Anisakis family

author:The Human History of the Linjian

Suborder Ascaridae—Anisakis family

Eukaryotic domain

animal kingdom

Subkingdom of eumetazoa

Ecdyanimal main phylum

Phylum Nematode animals

Coloraceae

Suborder Sesmear

Small rods

Suborder Spintail

Ascaridae

Anisakis family

Anisakiridae (scientific name: Anisakidae), also known as the family Anachidae, Anisakidae or sea animal gastric nematodes, is a family of intestinal nematodes (i.e., round worms) belonging to the suborder Ascaridae (Old Ascaridae). When swallowed by humans, this species is mainly transmitted by eating sashimi or undercooked fish meat, which can cause gastric nematode disease or compound tube nematode disease.

【Animal Kingdom Complete Series】Ascaridae suborder - Anisakis family

1. Morphological characteristics

The body surface is smooth and spinless. With or without a middle lip. There are intergenera variations in the structure of the digestive tract.

2. Anisakia genus

Anisakis (scientific name: Anisakis), also known as Anisakis, commonly known as sea beast gastric nematodes, is a parasite belonging to nematodes, white throughout, slightly dull at one end, its life cycle through fish and marine mammals to complete, although can not use human development and maturity to complete the life cycle, that is, can not parasitize, but mistakenly eat uncooked fish containing larvae, adults and other undercooked fish, can be used by the eater is infected, and the patient will have severe abdominal pain or allergic reactions, Therefore, sashimi is sterilized using ultra-low temperature freezing.

(1) Morphological characteristics

The anterior area of the labial flap has a moderately slightly bifurcated dentate crest, the interlip is absent, and the esophagus has a rectangular glandular posterior distending extension, without an enlarged protrusion or cecum. The tail of the male worm is bluntly rounded and tapered with many anterior mastoids and several pairs of posterior papillae. Intersecting spines of equal or unequal length. The female pubic portal is located anterior to the body and the eggs are small.

(2) Life habits

Larval cysts of this genus have been recorded in the body cavity and liver of fish, salmon, humpback salmon, and catfish.

(3) Main types

A. simplex (Rudotphi, 1809) Baylis], a parasitic species of flower perch and knife fish, is found in the Heilongjiang and Liaohe River basins. Anisakis simplex infects humans, causing an acute abdomen, and patients are usually infected by eating undercooked marine fish and cuttlefish.

3. To the genus Ceacia elegans

Contracaecum is a genus of Nematodes ensembles in the family Anisakinaceae.

【Animal Kingdom Complete Series】Ascaridae suborder - Anisakis family

(1) Morphological characteristics

The lip lacks a toothless crest. The interlip is present and is usually well developed. The glandular esophagus is narrowed, there is a blind process, and the intestinal cecum is present. Males have no wing membrane, 7 pairs of posterior processes, one part on the ventral surface and the other part on the side, with several pairs of anterior processes. The intersecting spines are long, winged, equal or unequal in length. Leads are missing. The pubic portal is in the anterior area of the body, oviparous.

(2) Life habits

It parasitizes fish, birds and fish-eating mammals. Mandarin pair cetactic nematodes (C. cetachys) sinipercae) parasitizes the mandarin intestine; There are hooked pairs of cetactic nematodes (C. cetachys) aduncum) parasitizes humpback salmon, marijuana salmon, Ussuri whitefish; (C. Rudolphii) parasitizes the body cavity of the nudibranchs of Qinghai Lake naked carp and plateau loach

(3) Main types

Parasitic records of marine fish include: Xiamen to C. cetaceensis (C. cetaceens). amoyensis), toothfish to C. cetaceum elegans (C. paras. paralichthydis), Rod pair blind cyst nematodes (C. paralichthydis). clavatum), and Contracaecum sp., which parasitizes the stomach of the bigeye sea bream, the small three-threaded sole, the mesock, and the mesentery of the true sea bream.

4. Genus Gao's nematodes

Goezia is a genus of nematodes in the family Anisakiaceae.

(1) Morphological characteristics

Its body surface has a series of annular structures with spines on its posterior edge. The caudal end is rounded with more pronounced protrusions. The lip is 3 pieces, flat, expanding outward, a scar distinguishes it from the body, and has a papillae. The esophagus is slightly constricted in the middle and bulbous posteriorly, with long, single or paired appendages at the posterior end with a short anterior cecum. The male tail is conical , extending into an appendage with many anterior and posterior processes. Intersecting spines sub-isometric. No leading. The female tail tip tapers sharply into a blunt round projection. Its tip may have fine spines. The anus is located slightly in front of the middle of the body. Oviparous, small, globular.

(2) Life habits

It parasitizes the digestive tract of fish and occasionally reptiles.

(3) To type

More than 20 species have been recorded in this genus. Parasitic in mainland fish, known as G. chinensis (G. chinensis). Nankingensis) is more common. It parasitizes white sturgeon, gharial and catfish stomach, and is distributed in Nanjing, Taihu Lake, Zhejiang Linghu and other places. In the Liao River, it is found in catfish, catfish and European catfish hybrids, the stomach and liver of the green catfish. The worm is thick and short, with a series of annular bumps on the epidermis and small spines on it. G. (G.) gobia] and G. (G.) parvus] found in Fujian parasitize the intestines of sea bass, gobies, and catfish. This genus is divided into 2 subgenera according to the single or paired intestinal cecum, namely Goezia subgenus and Pseudogoezia, and the three species reported in China, all belonging to the subgenus Goezia.

5. Echidna genus

Raphidascaris is a genus of arischidaceae.

(1) Morphological characteristics

The lip lacks a toothed crest, but the epidermis has prominent structures, particularly the subventral labia. The lips are absent. There is a posterior blind process under the esophagus. Intestinal cetace deficiency. The male tail is conical and slightly curved ventrally. Each side has a stalk of the anterior and posterior process. The intersecting spines are of equal length and have wing membranes. The lead is absent. The female tail is long , tapering to a thin tip , with the pubis at the front of the body. Oviparous, small eggs, produce a few split balls.

(2) Life habits

Parasitic in bony fish.

(3) Main types

Six species of nematodes in this genus have been recorded, and some undetermined species have been reported. Such as needle needle echidna (R. needles. acus), cerchidna carp (R. carp) cyprini), Echidnocarpus (R. cyprini), leiocassis), Echidworm (R. leiocassis). lophii), Spiny Tiger Echidworm (R. lophii). Acentrogobii), Acentrogobii (R. squirally). chirocentri)。 There have been parasitic records of echida larvae in the stomach and pylorus and abdominal cavity of fish in Hubei Province, the gastrointestinal and mesenteric membranes of redfin catfish, knife fish and phoenix fish in the Liao River Basin, and the abdominal cavity and stomach of fish in Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province.

【Animal Kingdom Complete Series】Ascaridae suborder - Anisakis family

6. Leopard roundworm

Phocascaris is a genus of Anisakis in the family Anisakaceae.

(1) Morphological characteristics

Each flap has 3 grooves (deep incisions) towards the orifice. There are toothed crests. The dorsal lip has two symmetrical submedian mastoids, and the subventral lip has one submedian and one lateral papillae. The midgut is short and has a sausage-like ventral process. Dorsal position of the cenocyst, moderately long. Males: The tail is conical, with a large number of long preanal mastoids and several posterior papillae on each side. The intersecting spines are slender, sub-isolong. No leading. Female: The vagina is located in the anterior area. The egg shell is thin and produces a split ova segmented.

(2) Life habits

Parasitic to the order Pinnipoda. P. longspiny leopard nematode P. Longispiculum parasitizes cobia and is collected from Xiamen, Fujian.

7. Needle tooth roundworm

Raphidascaroides is a genus of anisakis in the family Anisakis.

(1) Morphological characteristics

The lip has a toothed crest and a keratinized enlarged lateral margin. The interlip is present. The esophageal muscle is followed by a glandular midgut, where a posterior cetactic sac is born. Intestinal cetace deficiency. The excretory hole is located behind the nerve ring. Males: The tail is conical and its tip is covered with a large number of underdeveloped spines. It has a large number of preanal mastoids and a small number of posterior mastoids. Intersecting spines of equal length, winged. Leads are missing. The testicles begin slightly behind the esophagus. Female: The tail is conical and her end is covered with fine spines. The vagina is located before the midline of the body, the ovaries are located in the back of the body, and the uterus is located in the middle of the body. The eggs are subspherical, with a thin shell, and usually contain non-dividing egg bulbs.

(2) Life habits

Parasitic in the digestive tract of seawater bony fish.

(3) Main types

Acanthodon acupuncture (R. chinensis) Halieutacae Yni) parasitizes the intestines of the echinococcus and is found in Hainan Island's Baima well.

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