Canada is located in northern North America. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, Alaska to the northwest, the United States mainland to the south, and the Arctic Ocean to the north to the Arctic Circle, one of the coldest countries in the world. With a land area of 9.98 million square kilometers, Canada is the second largest country in the world.
This land has a beautiful name called "Maple Leaf Country", because most of the country is covered by forests, and there are many types of maple trees growing in the eastern part of the country, and every autumn, the red maple leaves all over the mountains are beautiful!
The center of the Canadian flag is painted with a red maple leaf, which is the national tree of Canada and the symbol of the Canadian nation.
Part.1
Physical geographic features
1. Terrain
The hilly terrain in the east and the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence region bordering the United States in the south are flat and multi-basin. The Cordillera Mountains are in the west, plains in the middle, and the Arctic Islands in the north.
2. Climate
Most of the area has a continental temperate coniferous forest climate, the north has a cold tundra climate with cold and long winters, while most of the southern region has four distinct seasons and moderate climate, and the western climate is mild and humid. Highs in the Midwest reach temperatures above 40°C, and lows as low as -60°C in the north.
3. Natural resources
Forest resources
It has a vast area of more than 400 million hectares of forest (ranking third in the world, after Russia and Brazil), mainly subarctic coniferous forests.
water resources
Water resources are abundant, runoff ranks third in the world, water energy reserves rank fifth in the world, Canada accounts for 3 of the world's top 20 large hydropower stations, and 70% of the country's electricity comes from hydropower, ranking first in the world in per capita generation.
mineral resources
Canada is the world's third largest mining country, producing more than 60 kinds of metallic and non-metallic minerals, mainly (world ranking): potassium (first), uranium (second), tungsten (second), cadmium (third), nickel (fourth), lead (fifth), etc. With proven reserves of 167.7 billion barrels of crude oil, Canada's oil and gas resources rank third in the world, after Venezuela and Saudi Arabia, 97% of which exist in the form of oil sands.
Part.2
Human geographic features
1. Agriculture
Canada is the world's fifth-largest exporter of agricultural products, mainly in the southern region. Agriculture and animal husbandry have a high degree of mechanization, the main agricultural products are wheat, barley, rapeseed, flaxseed, oats, etc., and the main livestock products include beef, pork, milk and dairy products. With a developed fishery and 75% of fishery products exported, it is the world's largest exporter of fishery products.
2. Industry
One of the most developed countries in the world, manufacturing, high-tech industry, service industry is developed, resource industry, manufacturing is the main pillar of the national economy. It has the world's leading level in aerospace, nonferrous metallurgy, information and communication, power equipment, electric power and water conservancy, pulp and paper, microelectronic software, new energy and new materials and other industries.
3. Population
As of July 2022, Canada's total population is more than 38 million people. Mainly of European descent such as Britain and France, indigenous people account for about 3%, and the rest are Asian, Latin American, African and so on. The population is very unevenly distributed, with 80 per cent living in a narrow strip 160 km wide by the northern border of the United States due to geography and climate.
4. Cities
Ottawa is the capital of Canada, the national political center, located on the banks of the lower Ottawa River, a tributary of the St. Lawrence River in southeastern Canada. Toronto is Canada's largest city and economic center, located in the core area of Canada, close to the industrially developed area of the eastern United States. Vancouver is the largest port city on Canada's west coast.
▲ Parliament Building in Ottawa
Part.3
Canada in the question
Question Group 1:
The figure below is a schematic map of Canada's population, minerals, etc. Read the picture and answer 1~2 questions.
1. The correct narrative of Canadian resources and industry is ( )
A. There are many types of mineral resources and are widely distributed
B. The dominant location factor in Edmonton, an oil processing hub, is the market
C. The dominant location factor in Montreal, the oil processing center, is raw materials
D. Northwest Canada has world-famous fishing grounds
2. The reason for the greatest population density along the Great Lakes and in the St. Lawrence Valley is ( )
(1) The climate is suitable (2) The city is sparse (3) The development is late; (4) The economy is developed, (5) The mineral is the richest, (6) The water and land transportation is convenient
A. ①③④ B.②④⑥
C.(1)(4)(6) D.(1)(3)(5)
Question Group 2:
(2017 Jiangsu Volume) Reading material to answer the following questions. (14 mins)
Material 1 2017 marks Canada's 150th anniversary, and national parks are open for free for one year. The many national parks in the southern part of Canada's Rocky Mountains attract visitors from all over the world with spectacular natural beauty.
Material 2 The figure below is "Schematic map of Vancouver-Winnipeg topographic profile near 50°N in Canada and climate data map of some cities".
(1) In March 2017, a Chinese tour group took a car from Winnipeg to Lethbridge in front of the Rocky Mountains, and found that the landscape belt along the way transitioned from the forest belt to _______. This change in the landscape zone reflects the law of ______ differentiation of the geographical environment. (3 points)
(2) Visitors feel that the temperature difference between Lethbridge and Winnipeg. The differences in climatic characteristics of the two places with temperate continental climates were compared, and the main reasons for the difference in winter temperatures were analyzed. _______ (4 points)
(3) Tourists travel west from Lethbridge to climb the Rocky Mountains, and may see the vertical nature of the mountains with _______. (3 points)
(4) Tourists continue westward to Vancouver, the "rainy capital of Canada", and find that the climate here is different from the east of the Rocky Mountains. Vancouver has a ________ climate, and there is more precipitation here for _______. (4 points)
Question Group 3:
Read the following materials and complete the following questions (20 marks)
【Material 1】Maple syrup is one of Canada's most iconic specialty products. From Quebec City in the east to Niagara Falls along the St. Lawrence River to the west, Canada's famous "Maple Avenue" attracts a large number of tourists. Tens of thousands of sugar mills are distributed in this 800-kilometer-long area, with an annual output of 32,000 tons of maple sugar, accounting for more than 75% of the world's total production. The process of making maple sugar is very tedious. The month of the year is the season for collecting maple sugar, and the right temperature is required to collect maple sap. Maple sap can only be harvested at night below 0°C and above 5°C during the day. The farmer drilled a hole in the sugar maple tree that was more than 40 years old, plugged in a catheter, hung a bucket to collect the sap, and let the sap slowly drip into the bucket. Typically, only one hole is drilled to collect maple fluid.
【Material 2】"Canadian Maplewood Avenue" meteorological information
【Material 3】Sugar maple Hikari. Not resistant to air pollution, persistent heat, drought, and salinity. It does not develop well in compacted soils, it has a very low tolerance to salts and is particularly sensitive to boron.
(1) Complete the fill-in-the-blank in Material 1 (2 points), combined with the test learned, guess the reason why the farmer in Material 1 only drilled one hole (2 points);
(2) According to the materials, combined with what you have learned, talk about the location advantages of many sugar factories in the area (8 points)
(3) Canada is known as the "country of maple leaves", the mainland also has many introductions to sugar maple trees, if you come to introduce maple sugar trees, which of the following areas will you choose? Combine the material and what you have learned to explain the best choice and why (8 points)
North China Plain B. Hubei Hills C. Northeast Sanjiang Plain D. Chongqing Mingyue Mountain Area
Rational Questions The answer is below
Question Group 1:
1.A It can be seen from the figure that there are many types of mineral resources in Canada and they are widely distributed; Edmonton is located in an oil-producing area, and the dominant location factor is raw materials; Montreal is close to the economically developed area of the northeastern United States, there are no oil production areas around, and the dominant location factor is the market; The eastern waters of Newfoundland are home to world-famous fishing grounds.
2.C The Great Lakes coast and the St. Lawrence Valley have a favorable climate; Convenient transportation; Earlier development; The agricultural foundation is better; developed industry; urban dense, etc.
Question Group 2:
(1) Forest steppe, grassland, dry steppe (desert steppe) Dry humidity (longitude, from coastal to inland)
(2) Lethbridge has relatively high winter temperatures; The annual temperature difference is relatively small; Low annual precipitation (low winter temperatures in Winnipeg; The annual temperature difference is relatively large; High annual precipitation) The eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains are frequently affected by subsidence and warming currents (incineration effect)
(3) montane taiga belt; shrub meadow (meadow) zone; Snow and ice belts
(4) temperate oceanicism perennial westerly winds; Warm current humidification; Terrain uplift
Question Group 3:
(1) April (or March) (2 points)
Give it the ability to recuperate and rejuvenate (sustainable development) (2 points).
(2) Sufficient raw materials and good quality (2 points); Canadian maple sugar brand effect (2 points); (sugar refining) has a good industrial foundation, perfect facilities, and complementary regional industrial advantages (2 points); High market demand (Canadians consume a lot of maple sugar, tourists have strong purchasing power) (2 points); Convenient transportation (water transport, land and air transport) (2 points). (Reasonable words, any 4:08)
(3) Best area: B (Hubei hills) (2 points)
Reason 1: sufficient light (2 points); hilly area, well drained (2 points); less saline land (2 points); Loose soil (2 points) [any 3.6 points]
Reason 2 (Proof Against Evidence): Severe air pollution and high degree of soil salinization in the North China Plain (2 points)
There are many wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain, and the drainage effect is poor (2 points) and the mountains of Chongqing have insufficient light (fog) (2 points)
[Choose one of the above two reasons]
END
Manuscript | LIU Lin
Edit the | Pang Ersha
Audit | Lin Yanhui