Campania is located in southern Italy, bordered by the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west and the Apennines to the east, with its capital city in Naples. Campania is bordered by Moise to the north, Lazio to the northwest, and Puglia and Basilicata to the east.
Campania's name comes from a Latin word, Campania Felix, which means "place of happiness." As the name suggests, the summer sun and the volcanic soil cover make Campania between the mountains and the sea particularly bountiful.
Wine history
Campania is one of the oldest wine regions in Italy, dating back to the 12th century BC. The Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines all promoted the development of local wines. During the Roman Empire, Campania's wine industry was extremely prosperous, and Pompeii, as it is known, was an important commercial center at that time. To this day, we can still see many ancient frescoes depicting tavern scenes in Campania, indicating that wine has long permeated every aspect of everyday life in ancient Rome. Roman emperors also loved Campanian wine, and famous poets such as Virgil and Pliny the Elder praised the local wine, Falernum.
Since the cultivation of viticulture in Campania was not included in the grape conservation actions of the monastery, its glorious history ended in the Middle Ages, and later in the Renaissance it was revived, and in the 19th century it suffered from phylloxera pests, despite its ups and downs, Campanian wine is undoubtedly the crown jewel of Italian wine.
Climatic conditions
Thanks to its unique terroir, Campania is a paradise for grape growing. The climate is typically Mediterranean: hot and dry summers and mild, wet winters allow the grapes to survive a long growing season. The cool breeze blowing from the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Apennines helps to moderate the heat, allowing the grapes to maintain bright acidity and develop mellow flavor substances. The soil is mainly composed of clay and volcanic rock, mixed with some chalk-like stones (tufo).
Grape varieties
Campania has 24,000 hectares of vineyards planted with more than 100 native grape varieties. The ratio of red and white grapes in this region is six to four.
The Region has 4 DOCGs, 15 DOCs and 10 IGPs
Fiano and Greco are two important local white grape varieties
It consists of two major DOCGs: Fiano di Avellino DOCG and Greco di Tufo DOCG
Fiano has been rooted here for more than 2,000 years and is considered to be the production variety of the famous ancient Roman wine Apianum, which is known as the "noble variety". It has delicate aromas such as apple, pear, hazelnut and honey. In addition to this, it has a lively acidity and good aging potential, and the fiano produces more spices and nuts after aging.
Greco As its name suggests, Greco originated in Greece, introduced by the Greeks in 600 BC. Campania's volcanic soil and ideal climate allow this variety to take root here. It is mainly grown in the provinces of Avellino and Benevento near Naples. Greco has a golden skin with a few small brown spots, and the dry white wine alone has a rich stone fruit flavor with a pronounced almond flavor, and is balanced with sweet and sour, especially suitable for drinking at a young age.
Another grape variety of interest is Falanghina, the main variety of Falerno del Massico DOC. Falanghina's honey-like sweetness earned it praise from the philosopher Pliny the Elder, who coined the phrase in vino veritas. Falanghina often has different styles depending on the place where it is grown. Outback wines have more floral notes, mint and balsamic vinegar, while coast-grown Falanghina grapes have more Mediterranean citrus and herbaceous aromas.
And for the red grape variety, Aglianico is undoubtedly the king red grape variety in Campania
It is the main breed of two DOCs (Taburno DOCG, Taurasi DOCG) and multiple DOCs
Aglianico was once one of the most widely cultivated species before the phylloxera infestation, but it was almost wiped out after the infestation. Until the last century, the Campanian scholar Antonio Mastroberardino pioneered the revival of the variety, leading producers in the region to gradually promote it to the status of "Southern Wine King".
Aglianico is an extra-long standby variety, often harvested as late as November, thus accumulating a very rich flavor substance. The resulting wine is full-bodied, deeply structured, and firm tannins, a carving knife that can withstand time, and performs better after aging. The aroma is similar to that of Nebbioro in the north, with aromas of raspberry, plum, dried rose, wild strawberry, accompanied by notes of black truffle, forest earth and leather.
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