August 10 this year marks the 130th anniversary of the birth of General Zhang Yunyi. Throughout his life, Zhang Yunyi has held dozens of military positions, the most important of which are more than ten.
General Zhang Yunyi wore the Type 55 Army General's Winter Dress
Zhang Yunyi (1892.8.10 – 19 November 1974) was a native of Wenchang County, Guangdong Province (now part of Hainan Province). In 1908, he was admitted to the second phase of the Guangdong Army Primary School and began to accept progressive ideas, which was also the starting point of Zhang Yunyi's decades of military career. In 1909, he joined the Chinese League led by Sun Yat-sen and participated in the Guangzhou New Army Uprising in 1910, the Huanghuagang Uprising in 1911 and the Xinhai Revolution.
Start with the platoon leader
In 1912, Zhang Yunyi entered the Guangdong Army Accelerated School, and after graduating in 1914, he was sent by the Southern Branch of the Kuomintang to the warlord LongJi Guangbu, who ruled Hainan Island, to secretly engage in revolutionary activities and serve as a platoon leader. "A fierce general will be sent to the pawns", this is the first step into the ranks of officers. Soon after, he was promoted to company commander. In 1921, he went to the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army, Chen Jiongming, and served as the commander of the Xiangshan Sand Protection Battalion.
He served as chief of staff of the Northern ExpeditionAry Division
In 1924, Zhang Yunyi served as a brigade commander in the Xu Chongzhi Department of the Cantonese Army. In 1926, he participated in the Northern Expedition and served as the chief of staff of the 25th Division of the Fourth Army of the Second Front of the National Revolutionary Army and the chief of staff of the Second Front. He successively participated in the battles of Tingsi Bridge, HeSheng Bridge, Wuchang, Henan and other battles, and joined the Communist Party of China in Wuhan in October of the same year.
At 2 o'clock on August 1, 1927, the Nanchang Uprising broke out. In the afternoon of the same day, all the 73rd Regiment of the 25th Division, 3 battalions of the 75th Regiment, and the machine gun company of the 74th Regiment, under the cover of the secret organization and cover of Zhang Yunyi and others, rushed to Nanchang to participate in the uprising. Although Zhang Yunyi did not directly participate in the Nanchang uprising, he used his special status to send a fresh force to the uprising and made great contributions. In November of the same year, he was appointed commander of the National Revolutionary Army's Appeasement on Hainan Island.
In August 1928, the central government decided that he would go to Guangxi to do military movement work. In July 1929, he was appointed deputy chief of the Guangxi Officers' Training Corps, commander of the Fourth Garrison Brigade, and commander of the Nanning Garrison, and successfully transformed the two old-style units of the Teaching Corps and the Fourth Garrison Brigade into a new type of people's armed forces.
Commander of the Red Seventh Army
Zhang Yunyi was in the Red Army and was a military commander. On December 11, 1928, Zhang Yunyi and Deng Xiaoping led the Baise Uprising and founded the Seventh Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with Zhang Yunyi as the commander and Deng Xiaoping as the political commissar.
Former Site of the Seventh Army Headquarters of the Baise Red Army (Yuedong Guild Hall)
In April 1929, Zhang Yunyi was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Hexi General Headquarters of the Seventh Red Army, and later became the chief of staff of the Hexi General Headquarters. Since May, together with the commander-in-chief Li Mingrui, he has led his troops to Lianke Anfu, Chaling, Anren, Suichuan and other counties, and effectively cooperated with the second anti-"encirclement and suppression" of the Central Soviet Region. In July, he crossed the Ganjiang River and joined the Red Army. The unit was incorporated into the Third Army and awarded the pennant of "Thousand Miles to Battle" by the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. During the third anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign in the Central Soviet Region, Zhang Yunyi served as chief of staff and commander of the Seventh Red Army.
Deputy Chief of Staff of the Central Military Commission
In 1932, Zhang Yunyi was appointed deputy chief of the general staff of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Chinese Soviet (chiefs of the general staff Ye Jianying and Liu Bocheng) and director of the Operations Bureau. In 1933, he was appointed commander of the Guangdong-Gansu Military Region. In May 1933, the headquarters of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was established, with the General Staff Headquarters (later renamed the General Headquarters). At this time, the General Staff Headquarters was both the General Headquarters of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and the General Headquarters of the Red Army, with Liu Bocheng and Ye Jianying as chiefs of the general staff, and Zhang Yunyi as deputy chief of the general staff and director of the First Bureau.
After the start of the Long March in October 1934, Zhang Yunyi was reinstated as deputy chief of staff of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission (Chief of Staff Liu Bocheng) and director of the Operations Bureau, assisting the leaders of the Central Military Commission in organizing reconnaissance, opening roads and setting up camps, and deploying military operations.
On September 12, 1935, the Politburo of the Central Committee held an enlarged meeting in Russian circles, and in order to narrow the target and facilitate action, it was decided to reorganize the main force of the Red Army and the troops directly under the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission into the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with Peng Dehuai as commander, Mao Zedong as political commissar, Lin Biao as deputy commander, And Ye Jianying and Zhang Yunyi as zheng and deputy chief of staff. On November 3, 1935, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee decided to order the establishment of the Northwest Revolutionary Military Committee of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in the name of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic. Chairman Mao Zedong, Vice Chairmen Zhou Enlai and Peng Dehuai, Chief of Staff Ye Jianying, Deputy Chief of Staff Zhang Yunyi. On the same day, the Red Army resumed its title, with commander Peng Dehuai, political commissar Mao Zedong, Ye Jianying, and Zhang Yunyi as chief and deputy chiefs of staff. On November 5, the Northwest Military Commission set up a rear office, with Zhou Enlai as the director and Zhang Yunyi as the chief of staff, to assist Zhou Enlai in presiding over the rear work. During the Crusade from February to May 1936, the Red Army was called the "Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Vanguard Army", and its headquarters was concurrently headquartered by the Forward Headquarters of the Central Military Commission. Commander Peng Dehuai, Political Commissar Mao Zedong, Chief of Staff Ye Jianying, Deputy Chief of Staff Zhang Yunyi.
Zhang Yunyi in Yan'an
On December 7, 1936, the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic decided to expand the organization of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, which consisted of 23 members of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, with Mao Zedong as chairman, Zhou Enlai and Zhang Guotao as vice chairmen, and Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, He Long, Lin Biao, Chen Yi, Xu Xiangqian, Liu Bocheng, Xu Haidong, Zhang Yunyi and 20 senior Red Army generals as members. At the same time, the General Headquarters of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Chinese Soviet was established, with Liu Bocheng as chief of the general staff and Ye Jianying and Zhang Yunyi as deputy chiefs of the general staff.
In March 1937, the Rear Command of the Red Army was established, the Rear Office of the Central Military Commission was abolished, and the units under its jurisdiction were transferred to the leadership of the Rear Command of the Red Army. This Rear Command of the Red Army did not exist for a long time, and was abolished after the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army in August of the same year, but the Rear Command of the Red Army was of very high standards, and two marshals and three generals were awarded the title of leading post after the founding of the People's Republic of China: Liu Bocheng was appointed commander and political commissar, Xiao Jinguang was appointed chief of staff, and Luo Ronghuan and Tan Zheng successively served as directors of the political department. Because at this time, Liu Bocheng was also serving as the vice president of the Chinese Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, and Zhang Yunyi was the acting commander of the Rear Command of the Red Army.
Chief of Staff of the New Fourth Army
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Zhang Yunyi participated in leading the formation and reorganization of the New Fourth Army. On January 6, 1938, the New Fourth Army Headquarters was established in Nanchang, with Ye Ting as the commander, Xiang Ying as the deputy commander, and Zhang Yunyi as the chief of staff of the New Fourth Army and commander of the third detachment, leading the troops to carry out guerrilla warfare in southern Anhui.
In January 1938, Ye Ting, Xiang Ying, Zhang Yunyi, Zeng Shan, and Fu Qiutao, the heads of the New Fourth Army, took a group photo at the headquarters of the New Fourth Army in Hankou.
In April 1939, Zhang Yunyi was appointed as the commander of the Jiangbei Headquarters of the New Fourth Army and the secretary of the Former Jiangbei Committee of the Communist Party of China, with Xu Haidong and Luo Binghui as deputy commanders, and unified the development of the fourth and fifth detachments of the New Fourth Army to eastern Anhui. In January 1940, Zhang Yunyi was appointed secretary of the Eastern Anhui Military and Political Committee. In July 1940, Xu Haidong, commander of the fourth detachment of the New Fourth Army, was seriously ill, and Zhang Yunyi was also the commander.
Zhang Yunyi was at the Headquarters of Jiangbei
Deputy Commander of the New Fourth Army
After the Anhui Incident in January 1941, the New Fourth Army rebuilt the military headquarters and reorganized the troops, and Zhang Yunyi served as deputy commander of the New Fourth Army and commander of the Second Division, secretary of the Military and Political Committee of the Second Division, and president of the Eighth Branch of the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University. In May 1941, Zhang Yunyi was appointed as a member of the Central Branch of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (New Fourth Army Branch) as secretary of Liu Shaoqi. In February 1942, he was also the commander of the Huainan Military Region.
In November 1941, Chen Yi, Zhang Yunyi, Peng Xuefeng, Wei Guoqing, Zhang Aiping and other senior generals of the New Fourth Army took a group photo in Huaibei.
Zhang Yunyi, deputy commander of the New Fourth Army
In February 1943, Zhang Yunyi was also the commander of the Second Division of the New Fourth Army, and was appointed as the deputy commander of the New Fourth Army, assisting Chen Yi in commanding the anti-"sweep" in Yanfu District. From January 1944 to August 1945, when Chen Yi, acting commander of the New Fourth Army, went to Yan'an to participate in the rectification study and the "Seventh National Congress" of the Party, Zhang Yunyi acted as the commander of the New Fourth Army, presided over the military work of the whole army, and led the military and people of Huaihai, Huaibei, and Huainan to victory in the winter anti-"sweeping" operation.
Zhang Yunyi's wife Han Bi and her son
After The surrender of Japan, on December 3, 1945, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China instructed the New Fourth Army and the leading organ of the Shandong Military Region. On January 7, 1946, the New Fourth Army Headquarters merged with the shandong military region. Zhang Yunyi served as the first deputy commander of the New Fourth Army and the first deputy commander of the Shandong Military Region. Presided over the work of the New Fourth Army Headquarters and The Military Region (Commander Chen Yi commanded the operations at the front line).
Zhang Yunyi of the Liberation War was in Shandong
Deputy Commander of the East China Military Region
On January 21, 1947, the New Fourth Army Headquarters and the Shandong Military Region and the Central China Military Region were merged to form the East China Military Region, with Chen Yi as the commander, Zhang Yunyi as the deputy commander, and the president of the East China Military and Political University. In August, he also served as the secretary of the East China Rear Work Committee of the Communist Party of China. In mid-February 1949, the Shandong Military Region was re-established, with jurisdiction over the Jiaodong, Bohai, Luzhongnan Military Region and Jinan Garrison Headquarters, and Zhang Yunyi concurrently served as the commander of the Shandong Military Region, continuing to preside over the work of the East China Military Region and the Shandong Military Region in the rear.
Zhang Yunyi (front row, first from right) and Chen Yi were on the battlefield in Huaihai
Member of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission
In September 1949, considering that Zhang Yunyi and Deng Xiaoping had led the Baise Uprising in Guangxi in the early years, established the Red Seventh Army, created the Youjiang Soviet regime, and later fought with the Warlords of the Gui clan for eight years, the central government decided to send Zhang Yunyi from East China to Guangxi, serve as the secretary of the Guangxi Provincial Party Committee and the chairman of the Provincial People's Government, and formally take charge of Guangxi. He also served as a member of the Central and Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and vice chairman of the Central and Southern Administrative Committee.
Member of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission
On October 19, 1949, the Central People's Government Committee held its third meeting and decided to form the People's Revolutionary Military Committee with Mao Zedong as chairman and Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Peng Dehuai, and Cheng Qian as vice chairmen, with a total of 28 members. This military commission has a united front nature, and the members are all former senior Kuomintang generals who revolted, all of whom are leaders of the Central Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee and generals of the People's Liberation Army, and Zhang Yunyi ranks tenth among the members after He Long, Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi, Lin Biao, Xu Xiangqian, Ye Jianying, Nie Rongzhen, Gao Gang, and Su Yu.
In 1952, some members of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central People's Government took a group photo at the Yinian Hall in Zhongnanhai. The second from the right in the middle row is Zhang Yunyi.
Commander and political commissar of Guangxi Military Region
On December 9, 1949, the Guangxi Military Region was established, subordinate to the Fourth Field Army and the Central and Southern Military Region, and Zhang Yunyi served as the commander and political commissar of the Guangxi Military Region. After Li Tianyou became the commander of the Guangxi Military Region in April 1951, Zhang Yunyi became the first political commissar of the Guangxi Military Region until April 1955.
Zhang Yunyi, commander and political commissar of the Guangxi Military Region
Member of the National Defense Commission
After 1952, Zhang Yunyi resigned from his leadership position due to his infirmity and illness. The National Defense Commission of the People's Republic of China was established in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China adopted at the first session of the First National People's Congress on September 20, 1954. The National Defense Commission is an advisory and united front organization, not the leading body of the armed forces, but of high standards, and the vice-chairmen are all marshal-level figures. From the First National People's Congress to the Third National People's Congress, three National Defense Commissions were established successively, and Zhang Yunyi was elected as a member of the National Defense Commission.
On October 18, 1954, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and other members attending the first meeting of the National Defense Commission of the People's Republic of China took a group photo.
In 1955, Zhang Yunyi was awarded the rank of General of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and was awarded the Order of August 1, First Class, the Order of Independence and Freedom, First Class, and the Liberation Medal of the First Class.
General Zhang Yunyi wore a Type 55 army general's uniform
Zhang Yunyi is among the top ten generals of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the oldest, the oldest, the highest treatment, the third level of administration, and the same marshal.
General Zhang Yunyi and General Wei Guoqing
General Zhang Yunyi and Lieutenant General Mo Wenhua
General Zhang Yunyi visited the Honor Room of the Troops
In 1972, Zhang Yunyi took a group photo with his family at the Dabei Photo Studio in Beijing.
On November 19, 1974, General Zhang Yunyi died of illness in Beijing at the age of 82. The obituary issued by Xinhua News Agency refers to the "National Defense Commission" as a member of the National Defense Commission, which is also his last major military post. When reviewing the eulogy, Deng Xiaoping changed the phrase "one loss" in the original draft, "The death of Zhang Yunyi is a loss for our party, our army, and the people of the whole country," to "a great loss." On November 25, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a memorial service for Zhang Yunyi in the auditorium of the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery, where Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Ye Jianying and other party and state leaders sent wreaths, as well as the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Central Military Commission, and the central organs. Marshal Ye Jianying presided over the memorial service, and the old comrade-in-arms Deng Xiaoping delivered a eulogy, giving a high evaluation of his revolutionary spirit of contributing his life to New China.
General Zhang Yunyi calligraphy
General Zhang Yunyi's 55-style dress epaulettes and 58-type collar badges were donated by his son Zhang Yuanzhi to the New Fourth Army Memorial Hall.